• 한국어류학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.106-114
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• 1998

조피볼락의 출산 후부터 치어기에 이르기까지 경과한 일수별로 성장, 호홉, 배설, 섭식 및 동화효율 등을 측정하여 에너지수지를 분석하였다. 출산후 자어의 전장은 4.56~5.49mm (평균 4.97mm, n=20)였으며, $20^{\circ}C$에서 1일 평균 성장률은 0.50mm였다. 출산후 경과일수에 따른 건중의 관계식은 $16^{\circ}C$에서 DW=$0.0380e^{0.1120D}$($r^2$=0.9049), $20^{\circ}C$에서 DW=$0.0324e^{0.1394D}$($r^2$=0.9239)였다. 비체중 산소 소비율 및 암모니아 질소배설률은 개체의 크기가 증가할수록 감소하였으며, $16^{\circ}C$에 비해 $20^{\circ}C$에서 높았다. 섭식율은 $16^{\circ}C$에서 자치어기의 25일 동안 65.8cal를, $20^{\circ}C$에서는 89.2cal를 섭취하여 $20^{\circ}C$에서 높게 나타났다. 동화효율은 수온에 따라 차이는 없었으며, 출산 후 20일째에는 $16^{\circ}C$와 $20^{\circ}C$에서 86.2% 였다. 출산 후 치어로 성장하는 동안 호홉에 비해 체성장에 더 많은 에너지를 이용하였으며, 수온이 높을수록 성장률이 빠르게 나타났다 출산 후부터 치어로 성장하는 동안 누적 섭식에너지에 대한 총성장효율은 43%~47%, 순성장효율은 50%~55% 였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.901-915
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• 2012

This study comparatively analyzes the characteristics, changes, and differences in class-based costume typology according to a concept of $17^{th}$ and $18^{th}$ century common people in France. The methods and contents are as follow. First, the scope of common people is grasped according to the historical background and a concept of $17^{th}$ and $18^{th}$ century common people in France. Second, through considering a prior research on analyzing the data of ancient documents on the economy of clothing, it classifies common people into bourgeoisie, urban common people, rural common people, and the destitute. It then examines diachronic evolution, and class-based synchronic difference in the consumption of $17^{th}$ and $18^{th}$ century common people's costumes in France. Third, it analyzes the appearance frequency by period according to type of common people's costumes, which were shown in pictorial materials with 283 sheets of engravings and 54 pieces of paintings; in addition, it reconstructs the succession and expansion in typology. It grasps differences and changes in morphology by class, space, and period of typology for common people's costumes. Common people's consumption of costumes was understood to have grown in qualitative aspects as well as a rise in the whole clothing demand. A class-based structure formed and indicated that a fashion cycle existed. As a result of analyzing common people's clothes (shown in pictorial materials of the $17^{th}$ and $18^{th}$ century) 41 items were grasped by gender and according to costume kind. Typology in common people's costumes (classified into bourgeoisie, urban common people, rural common people, and the destitute) showed a change by period. A change in typical costume typology was accepted more by the bourgeoisie than by urban and rural common people, and was accepted more by rural communities than by urban populations. Thus, a difference was formed through an expansion with a temporal difference that depended on class and space.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2014

This study was performed to investigate the effect of of transdermal testosterone gel (TTG) on controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) and IVF outcomes and ovarian morphology according to pretreatment duration in poor responders. A total of 120 women were recruited for this pilot study. They were randomized into control, 2 weeks, 3 weeks or 4 weeks TTG treatment groups. For three TTG treatment groups, 12.5 mg TTG was applied daily for 2 weeks, 3 weeks or 4 weeks in preceding period of study stimulation cycle. After 3 weeks of TTG pretreatment, significant increase of antral follicle count (AFC) and significant decreases of mean follicular diameter (MFD) and resistance index (RI) value of ovarian stromal artery were observed (p=0.026, p<0.001, p<0.01, respectively). The total dose of rhFSH administered for COS significantly decreased after 3 and 4 weeks TTG treatment both compared with control group (p<0.001, p<0.001). The numbers of oocytes retrieved and mature oocytes were significanty higher in 3 and 4 weeks TTG treatment groups than control group (p<0.001, p<0.001 in the number of oocytes retrieved; p<0.001, p<0.001 in the number of mature oocytes). The clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate were increased only in 4 weeks TTG treatment group compared with control group (p=0.030 and p=0.042, respectively). These data demonstrated that TTG pretreatment for 3 to 4 weeks increases AFC and ovarian stromal blood flow, thereby potentially improving the ovarian response to COS and IVF outcome in poor responders undergoing IVF/ICSI.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.155-168
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• 2011

여름철 황해 동부 연안 저층에 형성되는 수온전선을 따라 북쪽으로 흐르는 연안 경계류의 크기와 위치에 영향을 주는 요소들을 3차원 수치모형인 ROMS를 이용하여 살펴보았다. 여름에 수심이 깊은 외해에서는 태양 가열로 강한 성층에 존재하지만 수심이 얕은 연안에서는 조류가 일으키는 저층 혼합으로 해수물성이 연직으로 잘 혼합된다. 이 과정에서 성층화된 외해와 연직 혼합이 잘되고 수온이 높은 연안 사이에서 수온전선이 형성되며, 수온전선을 가로 지르는 방향의 밀도 구배에 의해 수온전선을 따라 북쪽으로 흐르는 연안 경계류가 발생함을 확인하였다. 해류계를 이용한 현장 관측에서도 약 10 cm/s로 북상하는 연안 경계류가 관측되었다. 이러한 수온전선을 따라 북쪽으로 흐르는 연안 경계류는 주로 조류와 바람의 영향을 크게 받는다. 조류에 의한 저층 혼합과 바람에 의한 표층 혼합이 여름철 황해 동부 경계류에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 요소다. 바람에 의한 표층 혼합은 북쪽으로 흐르는 황해 동부 연안 경계류의 폭을 더 넓게 하여 수송량을 증가시킨다. 강물의 유입과 일사량의 변화는 연안 경계류의 세기와 위치 변화에 큰 영향을 주지 않는다. 성층이 강하게 이루어지는 여름철 황해 동부 연안 $36^{\circ}N$에서는 대조기(소조기) 동안 강한(약한) 조류가 북쪽으로 흐르는 해류의 수송량을 증가(감소)시키지만, 동안 경계류의 위치를 크게 변화시키지는 않는다. 연안 경계류의 평균적인 위치는 바람의 세기 변화에 따라 변화하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.434-440
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• 2017

In order to understand the characteristics of phosphorus in the paddy field, this study analyzed $PO_4-P$ and T-P concentrations of irrigation water, flooding water, and runoff from 2008 to 2010. The variation of phosphorous form within hydrologic cycle around the rice paddy field was investigated using the ratio of $PO_4-P$ to TP. In addition, the correlation between pH, EC, and DO in flooding water was analyzed and the factors affecting phosphorus form in paddy field were investigated. The concentration of T-P in flooding water was high during the survey period, and the concentration of T-P in runoff was assumed to be decreased by dilution due to irrigation and rainfall. On the other hand, the ratio of $PO_4-P$ to T-P was lower in flooding water than those of irrigation water and runoff, which was interpreted to be due to the fact that the phosphorus fertilizer was applied in the paddy field but the adsorption was rapidly occurred to the paddy field by the soil. The similar proportions of $PO_4-P$ to T-P in flooding water and runoff suggest that the form of phosphorus outflowed from the paddy is influenced by the form of phosphorus in the flooding water of paddy field. In addition, DO concentration in flooding water showed negative correlation with the concentrations of $PO_4-P$ and T-P. The effort to survey frequent irrigation water quality data is required for the analysis of phosphorus behavior in the paddy water system since concentration of phosphorous and DO in irrigation water would influence rhe form of phosphorous in flooding water and subsequent runoff.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2015

A non-traditional forage-based protocol was employed to evaluate replacement heifer growth, fertility, and economics between small frame (SF, 3.50; n = 50) and large frame (LF, 5.56; n = 50) heifers using three increasing gain growth phases. Preceding an 85 d growing-breeding period (Phase 3; P3) the heifers were managed as a common group for Phases 1 and 2 (P1 and P2). During P1, heifers grazed common fields of unharvested corn and corn residue (total digestible nutrients [TDN] 56%) with supplemental hay. For P2, heifers grazed early spring crested wheatgrass pasture (CWG; TDN 62%) that was followed by the final P3 drylot growing and breeding period (TDN 68%). Small frame heifers were lighter at the end of P1 in May and at the start of P3 breeding in August (p = 0.0002). Percent of mature body weight (BW) at the end of P1 (209 d) was 48.7% and 46.8%, respectively, for the SF and LF heifers and the percent pubertal was lower for SF than for LF heifers (18.0% vs 40.0%; p = 0.02). At breeding initiation (P3), the percentage of mature BW was 57.8 and 57.2 and the percentage pubertal was 90.0 and 96.0 (p = 0.07) for the SF and LF heifers, respectively; a 5-fold increase for SF heifers. Breeding cycle pregnancy on days 21, 42, and 63, and total percent pregnant did not differ (p>0.10). In drylot, SF heifer dry matter intake (DMI) was 20.1% less (p = 0.001) and feed cost/d was 20.3% lower (p = 0.001), but feed cost/kg of gain did not differ between SF and LF heifers (p = 0.41). Economically important live animal measurements for muscling were measured in May and at the end of the study in October. SF heifers had greater L. dorsi muscle area per unit of BW than LF heifers (p = 0.03). Small frame heifer value was lower at weaning (p = 0.005) and the non-pregnant ending heifer value was lower for SF heifers than for the LF heifers (p = 0.005). However, the total development cost was lower for SF heifers (p = 0.001) and the net cost per pregnant heifer, after accounting for the sale of non-pregnant heifers, was lower for SF heifers (p = 0.004). These data suggest that high breeding efficiency can be attained among March-April born SF and LF virgin heifers when transitioned to a more favorable May-June calving period through the strategic use of grazed and harvested forages resulting in a lower net cost per pregnant SF heifer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권15호
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• pp.6275-6281
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• 2014

Nasal-type extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL) is a highly invasive cancer with a poor prognosis. More effective and safer treatment regimens for ENKL are needed. Pegaspargase (PEG-Asp) has a similar mechanism of action to L-asparaginase (L-Asp), but presents lower antigenicity. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the safety profile and the latent efficacy of a PEG-Asp-based treatment regimen in patients with ENKL. Data collected from 20 patients with histologically confirmed ENKL, admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from January 2009 to August 2013, were included in the study. All patients received $2500IU/m^2$/IM PEG-Asp on day 1 of every 21-day treatment cycle. Patients received combination chemotherapy with CHOP (n=5), EPOCH (n=7), GEMOX (n=7) or CHOP with bleomycin (n=1). After 2-5 treatment cycles (median, 4 cycles) of PEG-Asp-based chemotherapy, five patients (25%) showed a complete response (CR), and the overall response rate (ORR) was 60%. Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in fourteen patients (70%). Grade 3 alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation was observed in two. Grade 1-2 non-hematological toxicity consisted of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) elongation (n=9), hypofibrinogenemia (n=6), hypoproteinemia (n=17), hyperglycemia (n=3), and nausea (n=6). No allergic reactions were detected. No treatment related death was reported. Our results suggested that PEG-Asp-based chemotherapy presented an acceptable tolerance and a potential short-term outcome in patients with nasal-type ENKL.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1981

하구(河口)는 해수(海水)와 담수(淡水)가 만나는 아주 복잡(複雜)한 지점(地點)으로 하구(河口)에서의 염도분포(鹽度分布)에 대한 수리학적(水理學的)인 일반적(一般的)인 해석(解析)은 대단히 어렵기 때문에 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 현지관측(現地觀測)을 통(通)하여 염도(鹽度)의 분포특성(分布特性)을 알기 위하여 조차(潮差)가 큰 군산(群山) 외항(外港)부근의 3지점(地點)에서 조석일주기(潮汐一週期)동안 1~1.5시간 간격으로 연속적(連續的)으로 현지관측(現地觀測)을 실시하였으며 분석결과(分析結果) 다음과 같은 몇가지 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 염도(鹽度)와 전기전도도와의 비(比)가 0.5~1.0 사이에 대부분(大部分)이 산만하게 분포(分布)되어 있음이 재확인(再確認)되었다. 2. 염도(鹽度)는 만조시(滿潮時)에 가장 크고 만조(滿潮)에서 간조(干潮)로 됨에 따라 점점 작아져서 간조후(干潮後) 0~2시간(時間) 사이에 가장 작았다. 3. 금강하구(錦江河口)의 밀도류(密度流)는 대체로 강혼합형(强混合型)이었고 유량(流量)이 클 때는 완혼합형(緩混合型)이었다. 4. 연직염도분포(鉛直鹽度分布)에 파고(波高)의 영향은 별(別)로 없었다. 5. 최대연직염도차(最大鉛直鹽度差)는 대체로 10g/l 이하(以下)였으며 최소치(最少値)가 나타나는 시기(時期)는 대조시(大潮時)에는 간조후(干潮後) 0~2시간후(時間後)였고 소조시(小潮時)에는 만조후(滿潮後) 2~3시간(時間) 후(後)에 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3301-3306
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• 2015

Nucleolin (C23) is an important anti-apoptotic protein that is ubiquitously expressed in exponentially growing eukaryotic cells. In order to understand the impact of C23 in radiation therapy, we attempted to investigate the relationship of C23 expression with the radiosensitivity of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. We investigated the role of C23 in activating the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs), which is a critical protein for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair. As a result, we found that the expression of C23 was negatively correlated with the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cell lines. In vitro clonogenic survival assays revealed that C23 knockdown increased the radiosensitivity of a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, potentially through the promotion of radiation-induced apoptosis and adjusting the cell cycle to a more radiosensitive stage. Immunofluorescence data revealed an increasing quantity of ${gamma}$-H2AX foci and decreasing radiation-induced DNA damage repair following knockdown of C23. To further clarify the mechanism of C23 in DNA DSBs repair, we detected the expression of DNA-PKcs and C23 proteins in NSCLC cell lines. C23 might participate in DNA DSBs repair for the reason that the expression of DNA-PKcs decreased at 30, 60, 120 and 360 minutes after irradiation in C23 knockdown cells. Especially, the activity of DNA-PKcs phosphorylation sites at the S2056 and T2609 was significantly suppressed. Therefore we concluded that C23 knockdown can inhibit DNA-PKcs phosphorylation activity at the S2056 and T2609 sites, thus reducing the radiation damage repair and increasing the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells. Taken together, the inhibition of C23 expression was shown to increase the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells, as implied by the relevance to the notably decreased DNA-PKcs phosphorylation activity at the S2056 and T2609 clusters. Further research on targeted C23 treatment may promote effectiveness of radiotherapy and provide new targets for NSCLC patients.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.829-844
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• 2013

본 연구는 국내 유가증권시장(KOSPI 시장) 상장회사들의 국제금융위기 전, 후 기간의(2006년부터 2011년 사이) 자본구조 결정요인에 대한 추세적 변화를 검정함이 주된 목적이다. 기존의 국내,외 분석들과 비교하여, 본 연구는 패널자료분석을 이용한 동 시기를 기준으로한 표본회사들에 대한 분석이며, 결과들이 과거 연구들과 유사성을 보인다면 동 위기와 관계없는 일관성있는 결정요인으로서 분석될 수 있을 것이다. 자본구조와 관련된 4가지 가설들(즉, 패널자료모형을 통한 결정요인분석, 미국발 금융위기 전,후의 자본구조의 구조적 변화분석, 수정된 '듀퐁 시스템'분석을 통한 요인별 분석, 그리고 국내 상장회사들의 부채비율 관련 해당산업 평균 또는 중앙값 회귀 등)이 각각 검정되었다. 패널자료 분석결과 장부가와 시장가 기준 모든 부채비율에서 음(-)의 수익성, 양(+)의 자산규모, 그리고 음(-)의 영업이익의 변동성 등이 통계적 유의성을 보였으며, 로지스틱 회귀모형 결과 금융위기 전, 후의 자본구조 결정요인의 변화요인으로서 외국인 지분율, 기업의 자유현금흐름 등이 유의성있는 요인들로 분석되었다, 국내 KOSPI 상장회사들은 5년의 주기(cycle)로 해당산업 부채비율의 중심경향척도(특히, 중앙값)에 수렴하는 특성도 나타내었다.