• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.57
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• pp.33-58
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of the subscription economy on the contemporary art market in terms of creation, consumption and distribution of artwork. To accomplish the aim of this study, we conducted a case study of Artnomic Gallery K borrowing the theoretical perspective from Alexander(2003)'s Modified Cultural Diamond model. In this paper, we collected data through reviewing the secondary document and conducting in-depth interviews with 10 experts and consumers in the art market. As a result, the subscription economy eases the traditional art trade, which is heavily focused on a small number of market arts, by encouraging artists to create various works. The transition to subscription in the purchase of art contributes to lowering the barriers to entry into the art market by reducing the financial burden on consumers in terms of consumption. In terms of distribution, this founding of this article shows that the experts of Gallery K are the main actors in selecting the works that consumers subscribe to. Therefore, in this study, it is of academic significance to discuss that the filtering effect of the distribution system emphasized by Alexander(2003) is effective even in the art trading system to which a new form of economic activity - the subscription economy - is applied.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.56
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• pp.145-188
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• 2020

This study starts from an experience-oriented perspective that raises the need to examine the individual's cultural consumption experience with qualitative approach. In particular, this study aims to analyze in-depth the journey of the performance experience by connecting with offline-based social relationships as well as online-based informative and communicative behaviors. For this, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 teams (30 people) by setting up two people as research units, and self-recorded data using the mobile application were collected. Results showed that social media and online communication play an important role before and after the performance in amplifying the performance experience and the consumer's taste developments. This study also found that relational aspects of the performance experience by identifying the significance of the partners and the existence of the cultural taste leader. For each result, there was a difference among audience proficiency: enthusiastic, interested, and indifferent audiences. Based on these results, we suggest that the performance experience should not be limited to the performance itself, but should be understood in a comprehensive manner before and after the performance, and that the consumption of the performance takes place in a social relationship, not in an individual's own experience only.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.193-202
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• 2021

HYBE Insight, opened in May 2021, is an exhibition space that visually displays and re-interprets the BTS Universe and its content. The space echoes the identity of BTS as an artist and the specificity of the cultural phenomenon they have generated. This study analyzes HYBE Insight's BTS exhibition by applying new museological theories and discourses. Based on a qualitative research methodology including literature review and observational method, the primary themes of the exhibition are follows: 1) a contextualized exhibition content presenting the identity of BTS and their music, 2) the role of the fandom Army's participation in (re) producing BTS content related to the characteristic of popular music museums, 3) the elements of convergence art and its contemporary implication, 4) and the illumination of cultural value in popular music museum management. As the pivotal theory of new museology suggests, investigating a specific exhibition based on each context it has created is significant. However, those studies, including exhibitions related to popular music/artists, were mostly developed in Western nations. In this respect, HYBE Insight's BTS exhibition provides considerable room to explore. In addition to the recent research on BTS, such as their convergent artistry, socio-cultural influence, the role of Army, and the characteristics of HYBE's content management, this article aims to contribute to the multifaceted research by scrutinizing the BTS exhibition content from the new museology perspective.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.675-695
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• 2023

The tracksite of dinosaurs and pterosaurs in Sanbuk-dong of Gunsan is the largest early Cretaceous dinosaur footprint fossil site in Korea, and all the footprints are important evidence indicating that large ornithopod and theropod dinosaurs inhabited the Korean peninsula during the early Cretaceous. The Sanbuk-dong site was covered with waterproof sheet in an outdoor environment until the installation of a protective enclosure in 2021. As a result, various factors such as shear force, load reduction, temperature and humidity fluctuations, acid rain, salinity and microorganisms have complexly interacted in the substrate of fossils, exacerbating the damage to footprints. For 159 footprints in 12 trackways among the footprints found in the site, the damage types were classified in detail and the level of each damage was assessed. The damages were classified into 6 types through the classification of deterioration degree of individual footprints. As a result of ultrasonic physical property evaluation on the surface of the fossil site, most of these footprints are in the completely weathered (CW) stage. Furthermore, various weathering patterns were observed in the study area, and surface contaminants were analyzed along the stratigraphy. Although the patterns of freshness and contaminants varied at different points within the fossil site, the chemical compositions were similar. Based on the results, an efficient conservation management system for dinosaur footprint fossils was established, and a conservation treatment type for each footprint was proposed.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.31
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• pp.71-103
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• 2024

The National Museum of Korea Conservation science division conducted a precise diagnosis and a non-destructive investigation to comprehensively assess the overall damage of the Twin-lion stone lantern from the Godalsa Temple site, Yeoju to be placed on display in the museum's outdoor stone garden, then reviewed the relevant conservation and management plan and applied conservation treatment to the artifact. The museum carried out the treatment in the following order: precise diagnosis; dismantling of the previously-restored part of the roof stone; reinforcement and restoration of the roof structure with new stone; restoration of the previously-restored part of the lantern's support stone (jungseok); surface texture treatment to the restored area; cleaning (basic, laser); and color matching. The previously-restored part of the roof stone was removed and restored with new stone material, based on the results of a safety diagnosis regarding the separation at the said part. Granite from the Sangju area was selected as the material for the restoration in consideration of the results of mineral analysis as well as the surface color and particle size. The new stone was divided into three pieces based on the descending edges of the octagonal roof structure and joined together using epoxy resin. The structure was further strengthened by inserting titanium rods. It is expected that the status diagnosis and conservation treatment of the twin-lion stone lantern from the Godalsa Temple site in Yeoju will be used as a reference for the future conservation and management of outdoor displays of stone cultural heritage.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 2010

This study reviews the influence of culture in interpersonal servicescapes by examining the restaurant retail setting. Two cultures (Canada and France) are surveyed in order to better understand their retail expectations towards interpersonal servicescapes. Using Hofstede's (1991) cultural dimensions to explain some of the differences between Canadian and French restaurant patrons, this study demonstrates a potentially interesting research avenue in the field of cross-cultural interpersonal services marketing. It demonstrates that cultural dimensions do not operate independently but interdependently. Understanding this can help retailers better explain complex service interactions between countries that may appear similar in terms of various socio-demographic features. In this exploratory research, a measure via exploratory factor analysis was developed, one that encompasses both the physical and service aspects common to interpersonal servicescape by using personality traits. This measure was tested in order to better understand the service expectations between two cultures, Canada and France. Five dimensional structures were uncovered in both cultures but with different traits and groupings. The differences between the traits uncovered and the overall Canadian and French personality structures find some explanation using Hofstede's (1991) cultural dimensions. The results of this survey point to a possible explanation as to why when services are transferred between cultures, the perceptions of them can be different and sometimes even lead to service failure. There are clearly some cultural differences between the Canadian and French consumers and their overall expectations regarding their consumption experience. Reviewing the first factor of the French and Canadian personality structures shows that the individualist/collectivist differences are apparent between the Canadian and the French cultures. The second dimension also has quite a few traits in common, five, all of which have the personal treatment aspect of the restaurant experience that a service provider would be responsible for: polite, respectful, and dedicated. Notable is that the French dimension does not include the authenticity or the hospitable aspect of the experience but includes even more features that are inherent to the personal interaction, such as charming and courteous. The third dimension of the Canadian and French structures reflects completely different expectations. Whereas the French dimension centers around energy and enthusiasm, the Canadian version is more laid-back and relaxed. There is extroversion in the French dimension to introversion in the Canadian dimension. This could be explained by differences on the Uncertainty Avoidance dimension as outlined by Hofstede (1991). The fourth dimension seems to confirm previously outlined cultural differences. Whereas Canadians, being a bit lower on uncertainty avoidance and power distance, prefer an intimate and private experience, the French continue to expect extraversion and inclusive features to their experience. The fifth dimension is in the French personality structure a clear expression of the high power distance society, where the roles of the players in the restaurant experience are clearly defined and the rules of engagement preserved. This study demonstrates that different cultures clearly do relate to different expectations regarding interpersonal services. This is apparent in the dimensions that come up in both the French and the Canadian personality structures, not only in terms of how different they are but also in with which cultural dimensions these can be explained. For interpersonal servicescapes, the use of personality traits is interesting as it allows for both physical and service features to be accounted for. Furthermore, the social component inherent to interpersonal servicescapes surfaces in most of the dimensions of the service personality structures. The quality of social exchanges is extremely important, and this even more so in cross-cultural situations, where the expec tations regarding the service experience may vary. As demonstrated by this research and using Hofstede's (1991) paradigm, not all societies will have the same expectations pertaining to the interpersonal services. Furthermore, the traditions surrounding the type of service can also have an impact on the service evaluations and differ between countries and cultures. However, using personality traits may also allow for retailers to see which service traits are common to two or more cultures where they seek to be present, and focus on these in the offering. The findings demonstrate the importance of the individualist and collectivist dimension for interpersonal servicescapes. This difference between the French and the Canadian personality structure is apparent in the most dominant dimension as well as within others. The findings are a step in explaining how retailers can transfer and then measure interpersonal services across cultures.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.182-195
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• 2011

Old big tree transcends the simple meaning of trees as they are the natural monuments that embody the people's history and culture of this land. The Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea (CHA) defines and protects old big tree based not only on the size of the tree but also on its definitive cultural and natural factors such as value, implications, and originality. This research aims to identify and analyze the habitation and measurements, the soil conditions, as well as the protective facilities of 14 old big tree spread throughout the Gangwondo. The research examined the soundness of the arboreal form, the degree of damage on the bark, as well as the quantity of leafs levels to evaluate the overall condition of growth and development. Then, the tree height, the eastwest and south-north width of the crown, the sternum circumference, and the root circumference were recorded to identify the measurements of the selected old big tree. Also, the research analyzed 9 elements such as soil texture, pH levels, and organic contents in order to determine the scientific characteristics of soil upon which the trees draw nutrition. Finally, the research evaluated supporting pillars, lightning rods, iron pulling-facilities, as well as notice boards to study the protective facilities of old big tree. The research procedures revealed that 78.57% of the old big tree identified as natural monuments in the Gangwondo have average to above average habitation conditions. Also, the average tree height reaches 18.80m above ground while the average root circumference measures 7.34m. Moreover, the results of the scientific analyses conducted on the soil elements determined that most chemical values were within the defined levels, with the exception of phosphoric acid levels falling within the hyper-nutritious range. Finally, although most of the protective facilities did support the habitation of the Old big tree, there were some supporting pillars and iron pulling-facilities that actually damaged the trees. This research means to provide foundational reference data for the analysis of the habitation and management conditions of natural monument old big tree within the Gangwondo. A follow-up topic led by the results of this research is the identification and analysis of correlating environmental elements that affect the habitation of the old big tree.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.23-48
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• 2021

The Korean economy has achieved continuous economic growth for the past several decades thanks to the government's export strategy policy. This increase in exports is playing a leading role in driving Korea's economic growth by improving economic efficiency, creating jobs, and promoting technology development. Traditionally, the main factors affecting Korea's exports can be found from two perspectives: economic factors and industrial structural factors. First, economic factors are related to exchange rates and global economic fluctuations. The impact of the exchange rate on Korea's exports depends on the exchange rate level and exchange rate volatility. Global economic fluctuations affect global import demand, which is an absolute factor influencing Korea's exports. Second, industrial structural factors are unique characteristics that occur depending on industries or products, such as slow international division of labor, increased domestic substitution of certain imported goods by China, and changes in overseas production patterns of major export industries. Looking at the most recent studies related to global exchanges, several literatures show the importance of cultural aspects as well as economic and industrial structural factors. Therefore, this study attempted to develop a forecasting model by considering cultural factors along with economic and industrial structural factors in calculating the import volume of each country from Korea. In particular, this study approaches the influence of cultural factors on imports of Korean products from the perspective of PUSH-PULL framework. The PUSH dimension is a perspective that Korea develops and actively promotes its own brand and can be defined as the degree of interest in each country for Korean brands represented by K-POP, K-FOOD, and K-CULTURE. In addition, the PULL dimension is a perspective centered on the cultural and psychological characteristics of the people of each country. This can be defined as how much they are inclined to accept Korean Flow as each country's cultural code represented by the country's governance system, masculinity, risk avoidance, and short-term/long-term orientation. The unique feature of this study is that the proposed final prediction model can be selected based on Design Principles. The design principles we presented are as follows. 1) A model was developed to reflect interest in Korea and cultural characteristics through newly added data sources. 2) It was designed in a practical and convenient way so that the forecast value can be immediately recalled by inputting changes in economic factors, item code and country code. 3) In order to derive theoretically meaningful results, an algorithm was selected that can interpret the relationship between the input and the target variable. This study can suggest meaningful implications from the technical, economic and policy aspects, and is expected to make a meaningful contribution to the export support strategies of small and medium-sized enterprises by using the import forecasting model.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.246-262
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• 2023

This study analyzed policy implementation factors focusing on how Donuimun, a demolished cultural heritage, was digitally restored and the policy implementation process of Donuimun Gate restoration. Through this, the characteristics of the implementation process of the digital Donuimun Gate restoration policy promoted by public-private multilateral collaboration were examined and implications were sought for how institutions with different interests solved problems and collaborated in the implementation process. The research method was focused on policy implementation factors including policy executive factors, policy content factors, policy resource factors, and policy environment factors, and the process was analyzed for each detailed component. Along with literature analysis, in-depth interviews were conducted with participants in policy implementation. As a result of the study, first, it was found in the policy executive factor that the quick decision-making leadership of the policy manager and the flexible attitude of the person in charge of the government agency had a positive effect on preventing conflicts between different interest groups. Second, in terms of policy content, establishing a common goal that everyone can accept and moving forward consistently gave trust and created synergy. Third, in the policy implementation resource factor, the importance of the budget was emphasized. Finally, as an environmental factor for policy implementation, the opening of 5G mobile communication for the first time along with the emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution at the time of policy implementation acted as a timely factor. The digital Donuimun Gate was the first case of restoring a lost cultural heritage with AR and VR, and received attention and support from the mass media and the public. This also shows that digital restoration can be a model case that can be a solution without conflicts with local residents where cultural heritages are located or conflicts between stakeholders in the preservation and restoration of real objects.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.317-349
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• 2020

Mental health experts warn the combination of overwhelming amounts of information, economic instability, political discontent, social injustice, and the high infection and death rates of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are negatively impacting mental health in ways that may worsen the pandemic and intensify our primal fear of death. Terror Management Theory (TMT) argues that self-esteem and cultural worldviews serve as defenses against the terror of our own mortality. This theory anchor paper introduces TMT to Library and Information Science (LIS) via a selected literature review on TMT's use in the field of Psychology and an extensive discussion on the conceptual connections to LIS supported with empirical research from related disciplines and contexts. The implications, applications, and usefulness of TMT for LIS research, education, and practice are discussed in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic and other contexts, and a research agenda is proposed.