• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.164-173
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• 2016

Isotocin (IT)은 포유류의 oxytocin과 유사한 호르몬으로 어류의 행동 조절과 스트레스에 대한 반응, 그리고 삼투압 조절에 이르기까지 다양한 생리반응에 관여한다고 추정된다. 해수 관상어인 cinnamon clownfish의 IT 유전자 구조와 기능을 연구하기 위하여 genomic DNA와 뇌의 cDNA 주형으로부터 유전자를 확보하였다. 세 개의 exon과 156개의 아미노산을 표지하는 ORF로 이루어진 IT 전구물질 유전자는 19개 아미노산으로 이루어진 신호 부위, 9개 아미노산 호르몬 부위, 3개 아미노산의 효소 조절 부위, 그리고 125개 아미노산의 neurophysin 호르몬 부위로 구성되었다. 조직별 RT-PCR 분석결과는 IT 전구물질 유전자가 뇌와 생식소에서 발현됨을 보여준다. 해수 (34 ppt) 적응 개체의 아가미에서는 염류세포 바깥 표면에 apical crypt가 보이는데 비하여, 15 ppt로 낮춘 저염분 적응 개체의 아가미는 표면이 pavement cell로 덮여있는 평평한 구조를 보여준다. 아가미 세포의 Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase 활성은 저염분 순응 초기에 증가하다 시간이 지날수록 정상 수준을 회복하는 양상을 보여주는데, 이는 prolactin과 같이 저염분 초기순응 및 항상성 유지에 관여함을 의미한다. 하지만 저염분 순응 시 미량 증가하는 IT 전구체 mRNA는 초기 삼투조절에 미치는 역할이 미미함을 보여준다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.245-250
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• 2018

Lawsonia intracellularis is the pathogenic agent of porcine proliferative enteritis (PPE). The bacterial pathogen infects the intestinal crypt cells which causes hyperplasia of the infected cells and leads to the process of intestinal pathogenesis. PPE includes some clinical maninfestations, including acute hemorrhagic diarrhea with sudden death in growing pigs and porcine intestinal adenomatosis, to a chronic diarrhea with reduced productivity of the infected pigs. The purpose of the present studies were carried out to determine L. intracellularis in livestock transport car of slaughterhouse. Distribution of L. intracellularis in livestock transport car were conducted using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) testing method, total 300 samples. Of 300 samples, 119 (39.7%) were detected as positive to L. intracellularis in livestock transport car. In seasonal analysis, 42 (28.0%) out of 150 samples in spring and summer season. 77 (51.3%) out of 150 sample in autumn and winter season. In regional analysis, 53 (88.3%) out of 60 cars and the detection ratio showed that regional variation in livestock transport car.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2017

Objective: In the present study, role of increasing levels of Ecklonia cava (seaweed) supplementation in diets was investigated on growth performance, coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients, serum immunoglobulins, cecal microflora and intestinal morphology of weanling pigs. Methods: A total of 200 weaned pigs (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc; initial body weight $7.08{\pm}0.15kg$) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments on the basis of body weight. There were 5 replicate pens in each treatment including 10 pigs of each. Treatments were divided by dietary Ecklonia cava supplementation levels (0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, or 0.15%) in growing-finishing diets. There were 2 diet formulation phases throughout the experiment. The pigs were offered the diets ad libitum for the entire period of experiment in meal form. Results: The pigs fed with increasing dietary concentrations of Ecklonia cava had linear increase (p<0.05) in the overall average daily gain, however, there were no significant differences in gain to feed ratio, CTTAD of dry matter and crude protein at both phase I and phase II. Digestibility of gross energy was linearly improved (p<0.05) in phase II. At day 28, pigs fed Ecklonia cava had greater (linear, p<0.05) Lactobacillus spp., fewer Escherichia coli (E. coli) spp. (linear, p<0.05) and a tendency to have fewer cecal Clostridium spp. (p = 0.077). The total anaerobic bacteria were not affected with supplementation of Ecklonia cava in diets. Polynomial contrasts analysis revealed that villus height of the ileum exhibited a linear increase (p<0.05) in response with the increase in the level of dietary Ecklonia cava. However, villus height of duodenum and jejunum, crypt depth, villus height to crypt depth ratio of different segments of the intestine were not affected. Conclusion: The results suggest that Ecklonia cava had beneficial effects on the growth performance, cecal microflora, and intestinal morphology of weanling pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.166-176
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• 2020

Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of L-arginine (L-Arg) and N-carbamoylglutamic acid (NCG) on the growth, metabolism, immunity and community of cecal bacterial flora of weanling and young rabbits. Methods: Eighteen normal-grade male weanling Japanese White rabbits (JWR) were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups with or without L-Arg and NCG supplementation. The whole feeding process was divided into weanling stage (day 37 to 65) and young stage (day 66 to 85). The effects of L-Arg and NCG on the growth, metabolism, immunity and development of the ileum and jejunum were compared via nutrient metabolism experiments and histological assessment. The different communities of cecal bacterial flora affected by L-Arg and NCG were assessed using high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis. Results: The addition of L-Arg and NCG enhanced the growth of weanling and young rabbit by increasing the nitrogen metabolism, protein efficiency ratio, and biological value, as well as feed intake and daily weight gain. Both L-Arg and NCG increased the concentration of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM, and IgG. NCG was superior to L-Arg in promoting intestinal villus development by increasing villus height, villus height/crypt depth index, and reducing the crypt depth. The effects of L-Arg and NCG on the cecal bacterial flora were mainly concentrated in different genera, including Parabacteroides, Roseburia, dgA-11_gut_group, Alistipes, Bacteroides, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005. These bacteria function mainly in amino acid transport and metabolism, energy production and conversion, lipid transport and metabolism, recombination and repair, cell cycle control, cell division, and cell motility. Conclusion: L-Arg and NCG can promote the growth and immunity of weanling and young JWR, as well as effecting the jejunum and ileum villi. L-Arg and NCG have different effects in the promotion of nutrient utilization, relieving inflammation and enhancing adaptability through regulating microbial community.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1711-1724
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• 2022

Objective: The present study was to evaluate the effects of different rapeseed meal substitution (RSM) and glutamine (Gln) supplementation on growth performance, intestine morphology, and intestinal mucosa barrier of broilers. Methods: Four hundred and twenty Qiandongnan Xiaoxiang Chicken at 1 day of age with similar weight were chosen and were randomly assigned into 7 groups, consisting of 10 replicates per group and 6 broilers per replicate. Three groups were provided with diets separately containing 0%, 10%, and 20% RSM, and the other four groups were fed with diets separately supplemented with 0.5% and 1% Gln based on the inclusion of 10% and 20% RSM. At 21 and 42 days of age, 10 broilers per group were chosen to collect plasma and intestinal samples for further analysis. Results: The results showed that 10% RSM decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily weight gain (ADG) of broilers at 21 days of age (p<0.05). Furthermore, both ADFI and ADG of broilers at 21 and 42 days of age were decreased by 20% RSM, while feed conversion ratio (FCR) was increased (p<0.05). Besides, 10% RSM resulted in lower intestinal villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, deeper crypt depth (p<0.05), combined with the lower mRNA expressions of occludin, claudin-1, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in broilers at 21 days of age (p<0.05). Similar results were also observed in broilers at 21 and 42 days of age fed with 20% RSM. However, 1% Gln improved the growth performance of broilers fed with 10% and 20% RSM (p<0.05), ameliorated intestine morphology and elevated mRNA expressions of occludin, claudin-1 and ZO-1 (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the increasing inclusion of RSM resulted in more serious effects on broilers, however, 1.0% Gln could reverse the negative effects induced by the inclusion of RSM.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2024

Objective: The growing consumers' interest on animal welfare has raised the request of products obtained by alternative rearing systems. The present study was conducted to assess the influence of housing system on gut and muscle morphology and on microbial load in rabbits reared under free-range (FR) and cage system (CS). Methods: A total of forty weaned (35 days of age) male Italian White breed rabbits were allotted according to the rearing system, and at 91 days of age were randomly selected and slaughtered for the morphological evaluation of tissue from duodenum and longissimus lumborum. Morphometric analysis of the villus height, villus width, crypt depth, villus height/crypt depth ratio, and villus surface was performed. The microbial loads on hind muscle was determined by total mesophilic aerobic count (TMAC), Escherichia coli and Enterobacteriaceae; whereas, total anaerobic bacteria count (TABC) and TMAC, E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae was determined on caecal content. Results: Rearing system did not interfere with the duodenum and muscle histomorphology in both rabbit groups. Similarly, microbial load of caecal content showed no significant differences on the TABC and TMAC. Conversely, significant difference was found for E. coli strains in caecal content, with the lower counts in FR compared to CS rabbits (p<0.01). Microbiological assay of muscle revealed significant lower TMAC in FR vs CS rabbits (p< 0.05). All rabbit meat samples were negative for E. Coli and Enterobacteriaceae. Conclusion: Free-range could be considered a possible alternative and sustainable rearing system in rabbits to preserve gut environment and muscle quality.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.805-813
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• 1994

Immunohistochemical study on the intestinal tissues obtained from the 21 pigs of the 14 terms in Korea in which the clinical and epidemiological features had indicated the possible outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea(PED) was performed using the indirect immunofluorescence test and/or the immunoperoxidase method in order to detect PED viral antigens in the infected cells of the intestines, and histopathological features were described as well. By immunohistochemical analysis, PED viral antigens were detected in the epithelial cells covering the small intestinal villi and recognized slightly in the cells lining the colonic surface epithelium as well. Occasional fluorescence was also seen in a few intestinal crypt epithelium. On light microscopy, the piglets with PED showed marked villous atrophy and fusion, and severe enterocyte degeneration and desquamation. On the other hand, the older pigs more than 4 week old age was mild villous atrophy and fusion, severe villous epithelial cell proliferation, and moderate mononuclear cell infiltration.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.114-122
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• 1986

방사선장해(放射線障害) 예방약제(豫防藥劑)의 인체적용(人體適用)은 약제(藥劑)의 부작용(副作用)으로 아직 임상적(臨床的) 이용(利用)이 되지 못한 실정(實情)으로서 생리학적(生理學的) 및 약리학적(藥理學的) 독성(毒性), 물리학적(物理學的) 제성질(諸性質), 약제(藥劑)의 작용기전(作用機轉) 구명(究明) 및 임상적(臨床的) 기술개발(技術開發)이 미흡(未洽)하여 방사선(放射線) 장해자(障害者)에 대(對)한 치료(治療)는 대증료법(對症療法)에 불과(不過)한 실정(實情)이다. 저자(著者)들은 방사선(放射線)에 의(依)한 인체장해예방(人體障害豫防)에 필요(必要)한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻기 위하여 현재(現在)까지 비교적(比較的) 독성(毒性)이 적고 화학적(化學的)으로 안정(安定)하며 약효(藥效)가 우수(優秀)하다고 알려진 DDC, MEA, WR-2721을 선정(選定)하여 실험동물(實驗動物) 비근교계(非近交系) Swiss Webster(NIH-GP) 마우스에 이용(利用)한 방사선(放射線) 방호작용(防護作用)에 관(關)한 실험결과(實驗結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 각종(各種) 방사선(放射線) 방호제(防護劑)(DDC, MEA, WR-2721)의 마우스에 대한 적정(適定) 투여량(投與量)은 각각(各各) DDC; 1,000, MEA; 200, WR-2721; 400 mg/kg 이었다. 2) 실험동물(實驗動物)의 방사선(放射線) 반치사선량(半致死線量) LD50/10에 대(對)한 약제(藥劑)의 방호효과(防護效果) DMF는 DDC; 1.2, MEA; 1.4, WR-2721; 1.9이었고 LD50/30에 대(對)한 DMF는 DDC; 1.7, MEA; 1.8, WR-2721; 2.5이었다. 3) 공장(空腸) 소낭선(小囊腺)(Jejunum crypt)의 방사선평균치사선량(放射線平均致死線量)(Do)에 대(對)한 방호효과(防護效果) DMF는 DDC: 1.07, MEA; 1.21, WR-2721; 1.76이었고, 소낭선세포(小囊腺細胞)의 방사선(放射線) 평균치사선량(平均致死線量)에 대(對)한DMF는 DDC; 1.04, MEA; 1.08, WR-2721; 1.38이었다. 4) 이상(以上)으로 상기(上記) 3종(種)의 방사선(放射線) 방호제중(放護劑中) WR-2721의 방사선(放射線) 방호효과(防護效果)가 가장 우수(優秀)하였고 이 결과(結果)는 향후(向後) 임상적(臨床的) 적용(適用)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)의 기초자료(基礎資料)가 될 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2001

This study was conducted to assess the chemopreventive effects of chitosan in a rat colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane (AOM). Ninety, 5-week-old, male F344 rats were divided into three groups. The animals in group 1 received subcutaneous injections of 15mg/kg AOM three times for two weeks, then were placed on powdered basal diet containing 2% chitosan for 37 weeks from weeks 3 to 40. The animals in group 2 were given AOM alone. The animals in group 3 were given 2% chitosan without prior carcinogen treatment. All animals were sacrificed at week 12 for quantitative analysis of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and at week 40 fur analysis of tumor induction. Total numbers of ACF and AC per colon of group 1 were not significantly different from those of group 2. Tumor incidences and multiplicities of small intestine in the group 1 were significantly decreased compared with those of the group 2 (P<0.05). According to pathological diagnoses, adenocarcinoma incidence and multiplicity in the small and large intestine in the group 1 were significantly decreased compared with those of the group 2 (p<0.05). No toxic effects were observed in animals given chitosan in terms of body weights, and liver or kidney histology. These results indicate that chitosan may have a potential as chemopreventive agents of colon carcinogenesis during the postinitiation stage.

• 수완나부미
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.27-65
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• 2014

Flourishing in the Central Dry Zone of Burma during a period from the mid-eleventh to the late-thirteenth century A.D., the historical kingdom of Pagan was one of the major Buddhist centers in Southeast Asia. The significance of Pagan as an important pilgrimage site of the region, where numerous relics of the Buddha were enshrined, had been maintained until long after the fall of its civilization. It is evident that the artistic influences of Pagan, particularly in the architectural and decorative domains, had been transmitted to various other Buddhist civilizations in the area. This study provides a detailed analysis on the relationships between the mural tradition of Pagan and those of its neighboring civilizations in Thailand-of the Ayutthayā, Lānnā and Sukhothai schools-dating from after the Pagan Period in the fourteenth century to the sixteenth century. Surprisingly, as the analysis of this study has suggested, such relationships seemed to be trivial, more on a minor stylistic basis than on substantial ideological and iconographic grounds. They suggest that transmission of the complex idea and superb craftsmanship of the mural tradition would not have been maintained adequately at Pagan after its civilization, probably due to the lack of royal patronage. It would have been extremely difficult for foreign pilgrims who visited Pagan after its dynastic period to appreciate the surviving murals of this lost tradition in terms of their complex programs and associated symbolism. Also, there had been a new center of the Sinhalese Buddhism firmly established in the Martaban area of lower Burma since the mid-fourteenth century that outcompeted Pagan in terms of supplying the new Buddhist ideas and tradition. Its fame spread wide and far among the Buddhist communities of Southeast Asia. Later, these Buddhist communities also established direct contact with Sri Lanka. The Sukhothai murals and the Ayutthayā murals in the crypt of Wat Rātchaburana, dating from the fourteenth/fifteenth century, show obvious Sri Lankan influence in terms of artistic style and Buddhist iconography. They could be a product of these new religious movements, truly active in Southeast Asia during that time.