• 의료법학
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.211-237
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• 2014

Because of unpredictability and high possibility of abnormal results by clinical trials compared to general medical behaviors, a procedure for ensuring with sufficient explanations by investigators must be secured. Therefore, in a sequence of clinical trials, what kinds of scope, stage, and method of explanations provided by investigators, including doctors or researchers, to trial subjects are closely related to the compensation for damages by violation of liability for explanation. In case of application of clinical trials to patients who have critical illness such as cancer, issues of "Quality of Life" regarding trial subjects, cancer patients, should be discussed. Especially, in case of clinical trials for terminal cancer patients, the right of subjects' self-determination, which is a fundamental principle in medical behaviors, should be discussed. The right of self-determination includes participation in clinical trials for the possibility of life-sustaining even a little bit, or no participation in clinical trials in order to have a time for completing the rest of his life. Like this, if the extent and scope of explanations related to the issues of "Quality of Life" are raised as main issues, the evaluation of "Quality of Life", should be a prerequisite. In many occasions, realistically, despite bad results such as deaths or serious adverse drug reactions after clinical trials, it may not be easy for compensating to trial subjects or their survivors, who requested civil compensation for damage. Futhermore, in abnormal results after concealment of clinical trials or performance of clinical trials without permission, and in the case of trial subjects' failures of proving proximate cause between the clinical trials and abnormal results, problematic results such as no protection to the trial subjects could be occurred. In performing clinical trials, investigators should provide sufficient explanations for trial subjects and secure voluntary informed consents from the trial subjects. Therefore, clinical trials without trial subjects' permissions and the informed consent process violate trial subjects' rights of self-determination, and the investigators shall be liable for compensation for damages. Then, issues might be addressed are what are essential contents of patients' "rights of self-determination" infringed by clinical trials without subjects' permissions. Two perspectives about patients' rights of self-determination might be considered. One perspective regards physical distress of patients (subjects) from therapies without sufficient explanations as the crux of the matter. The other perspective regards infringement of human dignity caused by being subjects without permission as the crux of the matter irrespective of risks' big and small influences. This research follows perspective of the latter. Forming constant fiduciary relation between investigators (doctors) and subjects (patients) pursuant medical contracts, and in accordance with this fiduciary relation, subjects, who are patients, have expectations of explanations and treatments by the best ways. If doctors and patients set this forth as a premise, doctors should assume civil liability when doctors infringe patients' expectations.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 1998

벼 직파재배시 가장 문제가 되고 있는 잡초 방제법을 확립하고자 농가답 잡초분포조사, 벼 직파재배 유형에 따르는 잡초발생 및 건답직파재배에서 파종기 이동에 따른 우점초종, 무제초시 재배유형별 수량감소 정도 등을 어린모 기계이앙재배와 비교분석하였다. 1. 벼 직파재배 농가답의 주요 우점잡초는 피, 바랭이, 너도방동산이, 여귀바늘 등으로 피는 44%로서 가장 많이 발생되었으나 Simpson 우점지수는 0.185로서 낮아 여러 초종이 다양하게 분포된 결과를 보였다. 2. 건답직파에서는 피 > 알방동산이 > 너도방동산이 > 여뀌바늘, 담수직파답에서는 피 > 올방개 > 올챙이고랭이 > 물달개비 순으로 우점되어 벼 직파재배시에는 피가 공통적으로 우점초종이었다. 3. 벼 재배유형별 건물중으로 나타낸 잡초발생량은 건답직파답에서 1,074g/$m^2$로 가장 많이 발생되었으며, 담수직파답에서는 723g/$m^2$으로 어린모이앙답의 218g/$m^2$ 보다 각각 3.3~5배 정도 더 많았다. 4. 무제초시 잡초발생에 따른 벼의 수량감소는 건답직파답에서 96%로 거의 수확량이 전무한 상태였으며 담수직파답에서는 61%, 그리고 어린모이앙답에서는 40% 감수되었다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.139-144
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• 1998

I examined the projection of glutamatergic neurons in the lateral reticular nucleus into ansiform (crus l and ll) and paramedian lobules in the rat cerebellum using immunocytochemical methods with antiserum against glutamate combined with WGA-HRP histochemistry. The projections of glutamatergic neurons from the lateral reticular nucleus to crus l were most extensive in number among the three injection cases and the majority of projections originated at the dorsal to dorsomedial region of the ipsilateral magnocellular nucleus. Glutamate-immunoreactive cells projecting to crus ll were less extensive in number than those projecting to crus l and were mainly localized at the dorsomedial portion of the ipsilateral magnocellular nucleus. Double-labelled neurons projecting to crus l or crux ll were also located at ipsilateral subtrigeminal as well as contralateral magnocellular nuclei. Glutamatergic neurons projecting to paramedian lobules were moderate in number and mainly located at the dorsal area of the ipsilateral magnocellular nucleus. A few double-labelled cells were also found at ipsilateral subtrigeminal or contralateral magnocellular nuclei. The present study suggests that glutamate-immunoreactive neurons at the dorsal to dorsomedial magnocellular division of the lateral reticular nucleus may participate in the excitatory control of target neuronal activities at ipsilateral, posterior hemispheric lobules of the rat cerebellum.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1996

하이오더 신경망에 대한 필요성과 유용성에 대해서는 신경망 연구의 초기부터 잘 알려져 있다. 그러나 오더가 늘어남에 따라 항의 수가 급격히 증가하는 문제로 인하여 이러한 망을 설계하고 학습하는데 많은 어려움이 있었다. 본 논문에서는 문제에 적합한 하이오더 신경망 모델을 효율적으로 구성하기 위한 진화적 학습 방법을 제시한다. 이 방법에서는 시그마유닛과 파이유닛을 융합한 신경트리 표현을 사용한다. 또한 MDL기반의 적합도 분류 및 예측 문제에 있어서 제시된 방법의 유용성을 검증한다.

• Advances in robotics research
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.155-169
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• 2014

Study results in the last decades show that amount and quality of physical exercises, then the active participation, and now the cognitive involvement of patient in rehabilitation training are known of crux to enhance recovery outcome of motor dysfunction patients after stroke. Rehabilitation robots mainly have been developing along this direction to satisfy requirements of recovery therapy, or focusing on one or more of the above three points. Therefore, neuro-machine interaction based active rehabilitation robot has been proposed for assisting paralyzed limb performing designed tasks, which utilizes motor related EEG, UCSDI (Ultrasound Current Source Density Imaging), EMG for rehabilitation robot control and feeds back the multi-sensory interaction information such as visual, auditory, force, haptic sensation to the patient simultaneously. This neuro-controlled and perceptual rehabilitation robot will bring great benefits to post-stroke patients. In order to develop such kind of robot, some key technologies such as noninvasive precise detection of neural signal and realistic sensation feedback need to be solved. There are still some grand challenges in solving the fundamental questions to develop and optimize such kind of neuro-machine interaction based active rehabilitation robot.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

Ever-developing information and communications technology has changed the ways of life from that of industrial society to the information-oriented community, and is widely used in a variety of social and economic contexts. Besides, urban problems in today's society are intricately involved so that the possibility of any reliable breakthrough may not to be likely. To work out these complicated problems as well as to understand the crux of the matter more comprehensively, ubiquitous urban planning has been laid out, and as a result attempts to reflect this system are cautiously made in metropolitan areas. However, most u-City planning, integrating uibiquitous technology, has focused on creating urban infrastructure and its services, therefore neglecting the importance of housing in urban space. Consequently, thorough u-City planning has yet to be defined in relation with urban space, and housing planning, established on the basis of the user-oriented housing environment, needs to be urgently made. Centering on the importance of housing in the construction of an improved future urban environment, this study aims to discuss the role of urban environment planning where metropolutan residents can enjoy a comfortable and convenient life. As well, this research paper seeks to focus attention on the consideration for users that is often disregarded but requires reflecting in the u-City planning.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.96-101
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• 2008

Ever-developing information and communications technology has changed the ways of life from that of industrial society to the information-oriented community, and is widely used in a variety of social and economic contexts. Besides, urban problems in today's society are intricately involved so that the possibility of any reliable breakthrough may not to be likely. To work out these complicated problems as well as to understand the crux of the matter more comprehensively, ubiquitous urban planning has been laid out, and as a result attempts to reflect this system are cautiously made in metropolitan areas. However, most u-City planning, integrating uibiquitous technology, has focused on creating urban infrastructure and its services, therefore neglecting the importance of housing in urban space. Consequently, thorough u-City planning has yet to be defined in relation with urban space, and housing planning, established on the basis of the user-oriented housing environment, needs to be urgently made. Centering on the importance of housing in the construction of an improved future urban environment, this study aims to discuss the role of urban environment planning where metropolutan residents can enjoy a comfortable and convenient life. As well, this research paper seeks to focus attention on the consideration for users that is often disregarded but requires reflecting in the u-City planning.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2004년도 제5회 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.216-219
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• 2004

건설사업의 핵심 주체는 크게 발주자, 설계자, 시공자로 구분할 수 있다. 특히, 발주자는 건설 프로젝트를 생성시키는 주체이며 건설사업의 생산성 및 효율성 역시 궁극적으로는 발주자에 의해 결정된다. 팀 작업으로 이루어지는 건설사업의 성격 상, 발주자의 다양한 역할 중 리더십은 무엇보다 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구의 목적은 건설 프로젝트의 다양한 성공 사례 중 발주자의 리더십이 프로젝트의 주요 요인으로 보고된 사례를 중심으로 건설 프로젝트에서의 Blest Practice를 분석함으로서 발주자 리더십과 Beest Practice와의 관계를 발굴하는데 있다. 이를 통해 발주자 리더십의 속성에 대한 이해를 높이고, 발주자의 Best Practice 실천을 위한 주요 초점을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2011

CM시장이 성장하면서 CM기업의 수도 증가하고 기업 간의 경쟁이 심화됨에 따라 경쟁력 향상을 위한 노력이 필요하게 되었다. 특히 유능한 CM단장을 보유하는 것은 CM기업의 경쟁력 향상을 위한 중요한 현안으로 인식되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 CM조직의 리더이자 발주자 만족과 프로젝트 성공을 위해 중추적인 역할을 담당하는 CM단장에게 요구되는 핵심역량을 발굴하는 것이다. CM단장에게 요구되는 역량은 다양하지만 문제해결능력, 신뢰도, 협상능력 등이 가장 중요한 핵심역량으로 나타나고 있다. CM단장 핵심역량에 대한 이해는 우수한 CM단장 육성과 CM단장의 자기계발을 위해 중요하며 궁극적으로는 CM기업의 경쟁력 향상을 위한 중요한 전제조건이다.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
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• pp.328-334
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• 2003

Evaluating stability of dam foundations is one of the prime areas of any rock engineering investigations. Despite best engineering efforts in the design and construction of dam foundations, the foundation regime of a constructed dam suffers deterioration due to continuous erosion from backwater current of dam discharge and dynamic effects of loading and unloading process. Even during construction, development of frequent cracks due to sudden thermal cooling of concrete blocks is not uncommon. This paper presents two case studies from India and Bhutan. In the first case, the back current of water discharge from the Srisailam dam in India had continuously eroded the apron and has eaten into the dam foundation. In the second case with dam construction at Tala Hydroelectric Project in Bhutan, sudden overflow of river during the construction stage of dam had led to development of three major cracks across the dam blocks. This was ascribed to adiabatic cooling effect of concrete blocks overlain by chilled water flow. Non-destructive evaluation of rock mass condition in the defect regime by the borehole GPR survey helped in arriving at the crux so as to formulate appropriate restoration plan.