• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1104-1114
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• 2014

In large-scale crowd simulations, it is very important for the decision-making system of manipulating interactive behaviors to minimize the computational cost for controlling realistic behaviors such as collision avoidance. In this paper, we propose a large-scale realtime crowd simulation method using the affordance and navigation potential fields such as attractive and repulsive forces of electromagnetic fields. In particular, the model that we propose locally handles the realistic interactions between agents, and thus radically reduces the cost of expensive computation on interactions which has been the most problematic in crowd simulation. Our method is widely applicable to the expression and analysis of various crowd behaviors that are needed in behavior control in computer games, crowd scenes in movies, emergent behaviors of evacuation, etc.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.2217-2220
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• 2005

This paper introduces a practical implementation of virtual crowd simulation software. Usual commercial crowd simulation softwares are complex and have program-like script interfaces, which makes an animator hard to learn and use them. Based on the observations that most crowd scenes include walking, running and fighting movements, we have implemented a crowd simulation system that automatically generates movements of virtual characters given user's minimal direction of initial configuration. The system was implemented as a plug-in of Maya which is one of the most commonly used 3D software for movies. Because generated movements are based on optically captured motion clips, the results are sufficiently natural.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1309-1323
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• 2020

Crowd evacuation simulation is an important research issue for designing reasonable building layouts and planning more effective evacuation routes. The social force model (SFM) is an important pedestrian movement model, and is widely used in crowd evacuation simulations. The model can effectively simulate crowd evacuation behaviors in a simple scene, but for a multi-obstacle scene, the model could result in some undesirable problems, such as pedestrian evacuation trajectory oscillation, pedestrian stagnation and poor evacuation routing. This paper analyzes the causes of these problems and proposes an improved SFM for complex multi-obstacle scenes. The new model adds navigation points and walking shortest route principles to the SFM. Based on the proposed model, a crowd evacuation simulation system is developed, and the crowd evacuation simulation was carried out in various scenes, including some with simple obstacles, as well as those with multi-obstacles. Experiments show that the pedestrians in the proposed model can effectively bypass obstacles and plan reasonable evacuation routes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.50-59
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• 2024

In recent years, building architecture has become increasingly complex and larger in scale to accommodate many people. In densely populated facilities, the interiors are becoming more intricate and high-rise, with narrow corridors, hallways, and stairs. This poses challenges for evacuating occupants in case of emergencies such as fires, making it crucial to assess the evacuation safety in advance. In evacuation safety research, there are significant limitations to theoretical studies owing to their association with crowd behavior and human evacuation characteristics, as well as the risks associated with experiments involving human participants. Consequently, evacuation experiments conducted using simulation-based methodologies are gaining recognition worldwide. However, crowd simulations face validation difficulties because of variations in crowd movement and evacuation characteristics across different cases and scenarios, as well as the challenge of accurately reflecting human characteristics during evacuations. In this study, we investigated validation methods for evacuation simulations using the SAFEGUARD validation data set (SGVDS) provided by the University of Greenwich, UK. The SGVDS collects data on crowd evacuations through actual evacuation tests conducted on ColorLine's large RO-PAX ferry and Royal Caribbean International's cruise ships. The accuracy of the crowd simulations can be validated by comparing SGVDS and crowd simulation results. This study will contribute to the development of highly accurate crowd simulations by verifying various crowd simulations.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.629-641
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• 2021

Crowd behavior simulations have been studied to further accelerated and refined by parallelism by inducing agent-interacting forces into the image field representing the forces of attraction and repulsion. However, it was difficult to consider rapidly changing environments such as fire situations in buildings because texture images must be generated in advance simulation starts and simulations can only be performed in 2D spaces. In this paper, we propose a crowd agent behavior simulation method based on agent's 3D affordance field for flexible agent behavior in variable geomorphological environments in 3D space. The proposed method generates 3D affordance field related to agents and sensors in 3D space and defines the agent behavior in 3D space for the crowd behavior simulation based on an image-inducing field to a 3D space. Experimental results verified that our method enables the development of large-scale crowd behavior simulations that are flexible to various fire evacuation situations in 3D virtual spaces.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.193-199
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• 2011

Producing high density crowd simulation is time-consuming task as increasing the number of individuals in the crowds. In this paper, we propose a new control technique that can create realistic high density crowd simulation by using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method from fluid simulation field. Equations in SPH method are modified for evacuation, distance maintenance, and group maintenance forces for individual behaviors in the crowds. Experimental results showed that the proposed system could enable natural high density crowd simulation efficiently.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.96-103
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• 2023

Generally, human stampedes and crowd collapses occur when people press against each other, causing falls that may result in death or injury. Particularly, crowd accidents have become increasingly common since the 1990s, with an average of 380 deaths annually. For instance, in Korea, a stampede occurred during the Itaewon Halloween festival on October 29, 2022, when several people crowded onto a narrow, downhill road, which was 45 meters long and between 3.2 and 4 meters wide. Precisely, this stampede was primarily due to the excessive number of people relative to the road size. Essentially, stampedes can occur anywhere and at any time, not just at events, but also in other places where large crowds gather. More specifically, the likelihood of accidents increases when the crowd density exceeds a turbulence threshold of 5-6 /m². Meanwhile, festivals and events, which have become more frequent and are promoted through social media, garner people from near and far to a specific location. Besides, as cities grow, the number of people gathering in one place increases. While stampedes are rare, their impact is significant, and the uncertainty associated with them is high. Currently, there is no scientific system to analyze the risk of stampedes due to crowd concentration. Consequently, to prevent such accidents, it is essential to prepare for crowd disasters that reflect social changes and regional characteristics. Hence, this study proposes using digital topographic maps and crowd-density risk simulations to develop a 3D model of the region. Specifically, the crowd density simulation allows for an analysis of the density of people walking along specific paths, which enables the prediction of danger areas and the risk of crowding. By using the simulation method in this study, it is anticipated that safety measures can be rationally established for specific situations, such as local festivals, and preparations may be made for crowd accidents in downtown areas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.1655-1656
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• 2013

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2008

In this paper we consider detecting collisions between characters whose motion is specified by motion capture data. Since we are targeting on massive crowd simulation, we only consider rough collisions, modeling the characters as a disk in the floor plane. To provide efficient collision detection, we introduce a hierarchical bounding volume, the Motion Oriented Bounding Box tree (MOBB tree). A MOBBtree stores space-time bounds of a motion clip. In crowd animation tests, MOBB trees performance improvements ranging between two and an order of magnitude.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.87-93
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• 2004

In this paper we present a hybrid model that enables dynamic regrouping based on emotion in determining the behavioral pattern of crowds in order to enhance the reality of crowd simulation in virtual environments such as games. Emotion determination rules are defined and they are used for dynamic human regrouping to simulate the movement of characters through crowds realistically. Our experiments show more natural simulation of crowd behaviors as results of this research.