• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.289-300
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this research was to explore nurses' knowledge of and attitudes toward pediatric palliative care (PPC) in Korea. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. A total of 196 participants were recruited from the ELNEC-PPC course held in Seoul, Korea. All participants completed a 20-item survey questionnaire which assessed knowledge of and attitudes toward PPC using a 7-point Likert scale. Results: Nurses' knowledge of PPC correlated with their educational level and work experience in the pediatric unit and hospice care unit. The work experience in the pediatric unit, career length in PPC and completion of palliative education course made differences in the attitudes toward PPC. Married nurses scored significantly higher on the parental rights in determining palliative care service for their child, and nurses with master's degree or higher showed a higher level of understanding of and attitudes toward the differences between PPC and adult palliative care. Conclusion: The factors influencing nurses' knowledge of and attitudes toward PPC need be considered to develop a pediatric palliative training program.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.59-68
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• 2018

This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study of the effects of emotional happiness on aging preparation for 45-60 year olds. Participants of this study were 312 volunteers and data was collected online, the collection period was from May 15, 2018 to May 31, 2018. The tools used in the research were the emotional happiness developed by Watson et al (1988) et al., the aging preparation developed by JH Lee (2009). Analysis was done using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and regression by SPSS 18.0. As a result of the analysis, 84.0% of participants felt physically healthy and 89.8% felt mental health. The spouses of participants were physically 83.4% healthy and mentally 82.7% healthy. The correlation between emotional happiness, health cognition and aging preparation showed that physical health had a correlation with mental health (r = .482, p <0.01) and emotional happiness (r = .369, p <0.01), economic aging preparation (r = .411, p <0.01), social aging preparation (r = .119, p <0.01). Mental health was correlated with emotional happiness (r = .491, p <0.01), economic aging preparation (r = .411, p <0.01) and social aging preparation. Difference between emotional happiness and retirement preparation according to presence or absence of disease, emotional happiness (t = -4.503, p <0.01) and economic aging preparation (t = -4.960, p <0.01) were statistically significant. Emotional happiness affects the preparation of old age, emotional happiness affects to physical aging preparation under statistical significance (F=25.191, p<0.01), economic aging preparation (F=1131.783, p<0.01), and social aging preparation (F=147.672, p<0.01) which were sub components of aging preparation. Emotional happiness showed a 7.5% effect on the preparation of physical aging, 78.4% on economic aging preparation and 32.3% on social aging preparation. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that physical health and mental health are related to emotional happiness, economic aging preparation, and social aging preparation. And also these results can be inferred that the illness causes emotional less feeling of happiness and economic difficulty. Based on the results of this study, emotional well - being influences the retirement preparation significantly at statistical significance. Therefore, if the concept of emotional happiness is introduced to the old-age preparation program, it will be more client centered program.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2369-2378
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• 2012

Objectives: To assess knowledge of HPV and attitudes towards HPV vaccination among the general female population, government officials, and healthcare providers in China to assist the development of an effective national HPV vaccination program. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiologic survey was conducted across 21 urban and rural sites in China using a short questionnaire. 763 government officials, 760 healthcare providers, and 11,681 women aged 15-59 years were included in the final analysis. Data were analyzed using standard descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Knowledge of HPV among the general female population was low; only 24% had heard of HPV. Less than 20% of healthcare providers recognized sexually na$\ddot{i}$ve women as the most appropriate population for HPV vaccination. There was high acceptance of the HPV vaccine for all categories of respondents. Only 6% of women were willing to pay more than US $300 for the vaccine. Conclusions: Aggressive education is necessary to increase knowledge of HPV and its vaccine. Further proof of vaccine safety and efficacy and government subsidies combined with increased awareness could facilitate development and implementation of HPV vaccination in China.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to identify multidimensional factors influencing burnout in intensive care unit(ICU) nurses. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Data were collected during February 2016 from a convenience sample of 222 tertiary hospital ICU nurses and analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Burnout correlated positively with compassion fatigue (CF)(r=.37, p<.001), and negatively with compassion satisfaction (CS)(r=-.66, p<.001). The regression model explained 57% of the variance in burnout. For individual characteristics in the model, perceived health status (${\beta}=-.27$, p<.001) and gender (${\beta}=.14$, p=.028) were the most influential factors for ICU nurses' burnout. In the model with added work-related characteristics, nursing environment (${\beta}=-.22$, p=.001), perceived health status (${\beta}= -.20$, p=.001), and satisfaction with department (${\beta}=-.19$, p=.007) were the most influential factors. Finally, for the model with psychological characteristics added, CS (${\beta}=-.56$, p<.001) and CF (${\beta}=.35$, p<.001) were the most influential factors. Conclusion: Results reveal that most ICU nurses have a moderate level of CF and a moderate to high level of CS and burnout, and that individual, work-related and psychological factors are relevant in ICU nurses' burnout. Programs or interventions to reduce burnout should be developed taking into account these multidimensional factors.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.241-255
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• 2001

This is a cross-sectional descriptive study which compares the level of postpartum women's physical, phychological, neurosensory fatigue between rooming-in and non rooming-in groups. The data were collected by using self-report questionnaire from April 1 to May 31, 2001. Subjects were 68 mothers who opted the rooming-in choice and 98 mothers who did not choose the rooming-in at one hospital in Seoul, Korea. They all had NSVD. The research questionnaire consisted of 36 items on general chracteristics and 30 items on postpartum fatigue developed by Pugh (1993). The data were analyzed by using the SPSS 10.0 window program. The results of this study were as follow: 1. There was significant statistical difference in general characteristics between rooming-in and non rooming-in groups in prenatal class attendance ($x^2$=3.935, p=0.047), maternal fetal attachment score (t=2.130, p=0.035), husband attendance during the labor and delivery ($x^2$=9.147, p=0.002), breast feeding ($x^2$=12.503, p=0.000), and self feeding time including bottle feeding (t=4.588, p=0.000). 2. There was no significant statistical difference in the level of total fatigue score between two groups (t=0.282, p=0.780). 3. The physical and neurosensory fatigue scores were slightly higher in rooming-in group ($21.63{\pm}4.92$, $18.53{\pm}4.60$) than those ($20.71{\pm}5.78$, $18.23{\pm}5.39$) of non rooming-in group. And the phychological fatigue score was slightly higher in non rooming-in group ($17.67{\pm}4.95$) than that ($17.04{\pm}4.63$) of rooming-in group. However, there was no significant statistical difference in the level of three sub-dimension fatigue between two groups (t=1.068, p=0.287; t=-0.827, p=0.410; t=0.368, p=0.714). 4. Even after controlling characteristics showed significant differences between two groups, there was no significant statistical difference in the level of fatigue between two groups (F=0.135, p=0.714). According to this study, there was no significant statistical difference in the level of postpartum fatigue whether they were rooming-in or not. Based on this result, the common notion of rooming-in mothers will be more fatigue than non rooming-in mothers is proved to be false. However, it is necessary to develop appropriate nursing interventions to meet the need of mothers who decide to rooming-in.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.235-244
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate pediatric nurses' perception and knowledge about pediatric hospice and palliative care. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 132 nurses who are stationed in pediatric wards and intensive care units. The participants were requested to fill out a questionnaire comprising 23 items for perception and 20 items for knowledge. Data were collected after obtaining written consent. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Results: Participants perceived difficulties in pediatric hospice palliative care, especially communication with patients and their families. The differences of perception among participants were observed according to pediatric hospice and palliative care experience, but not general characteristics. Participants' knowledge was $8.83{\pm}2.64$. Nurses who work in a ward showed higher level of knowledge about pediatric hospice/palliative care. Conclusion: An education program should be developed and provided to pediatric nurses to improve their perception and knowledge about pediatric hospice/palliative care.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.352-357
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Youth is the crucial stage between childhood and adulthood during which an individual acquires new behavior and practices including dietary habits, that may be influenced by his peers, social circle, nutrition knowledge level and other factors. The increase in awareness of young adults is of special importance from the perspective of health and prevention of obesity related chronic diseases. To measure the nutrition literacy level of university students using the Turkish version of Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS). We evaluated their food habits using the Adolescent Food Habit Checklist (AFHC) tool and analysed it, if the eating habits were affected by nutrition literacy level. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on randomly selected 276 students studying in the Faculty of Health Sciences of Istanbul Aydin University, Turkey. Data was collected by means of ANLS and AFHC tools by face to face interview method. SPSS statistical sofware (IBM SPSS Statistics 19) was used to analyse the obtained data. RESULTS: Participants comprised of 47.1% males and 52.9% females with mean age of $20.0{\pm}1.60years$. Mean body mass index (BMI) was determined as $22.4{\pm}3.76$ ($23.6{\pm}3.63$ males $21.3{\pm}3.57$ females). Functional, interactive and critical nutritional literacy scores for male participants were $22.49{\pm}5.71$, $17.45{\pm}4.84$, and $28.28{\pm}7.13$ respectively (total $64.98{\pm}10.15$). For females the values were $24.66{\pm}5.13$, $20.17{\pm}4.28$, and $32.20{\pm}5.65$ (total $69.72{\pm}8.59$) respectively. For all the three sub-categories of nutrition literacy, the scores acquired by females were significantly higher than males (P < 0.001). In the AFHC tool, the mean score acquired by males were $9.26{\pm}4.18$ whereas for females it was $10.37{\pm}3.40$ significantly higher as compared to males (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: The food habits of female participants were better than males; in accordance with their nutrition literacy status. It may be concluded that food habits are influenced by nutrition literacy and therefore stress much be given to increase the nutrition awareness among children youth as well as adults.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.404-414
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• 2021

This study was to investigate the differences of functional health status and medical service experience and needs between general and vulnerable older people in community. This study is a cross-sectional descriptive research. The data obtained through direct visit surveys from November to December 2016. The target population of the study was older people over 65 years old, the final study subjects were 444 older people residing in one district of Seoul. The chi-square test was conducted to confirm the difference in their functional health areas and medical service experiences, and the necessity of medical service utilization in accordance to the social class. In the experience of abnormality in functional health, the vulnerable older people had higher experience in cognitive function, nutrition, hydration, pain, and falling than the general older people. The rate of experience of using medical service to solve the cognitive function problem for general older people was 31.9%, higher than that of the vulnerable older people. In contrast, the medical service utilization needs of the vulnerable older people in the pain management category was significantly higher than that of the general older people. In setting policy of public medical service programs for general and vulnerable older people in community may be differentially developed based on this study. In order to improve the medical accessibility of the vulnerable older people, public medical institutions should be actively supported to overcome obstacles to medical use due to economic barriers.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2022

Background: It is estimated that about 13 million artisanal and small-scale miners carry out their activities under harsh, precarious, unfriendly, and risky conditions. Yet, our understanding of the extent to which these workers use personal protective equipment (PPE) and navigate through the various risks and hazards they face is still limited. This article has two main objectives. First, it explores the extent of usage of PPE among artisanal and small-scale miners for the prevention of hazards and risks. Second, it examines the coping strategies used by these miners as a response to experiences of occupational injuries and risks Methods: A cross-sectional survey of small-scale miners was conducted in six communities across three districts in Ghana, West Africa. The mixed methods approach was adopted. A total of 148 small-scale miners participated in the study. Six focus group discussions (FGDs) were held across the six communities. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Chi-square tests were used to analyse the relationship between some socio-demographic characteristics (sex, age, and educational background) and the usage of PPE. Open-ended questions and responses from FGDs were analysed based on the content and verbatim quotations from miners. Results: Findings suggest that 78% of the miners interviewed do not use the appropriate PPE citing reasons such as cost, and their personal discomfort associated with use of PPE. There was no significant relationship between socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., sex, age, education and major mining activity) and the usage of PPE. The study further revealed four main coping strategies used by miners to handle the risks. These are rest, taking unprescribed medication and hard drugs, registration with health insurance scheme and savings and investments. Conclusion: This study shows that very few artisanal miners use PPE despite the significant hazards and risks to which they are exposed. The study recommends to the government to put in place measures to ensure that miners adhere to health and safety regulations before undertaking mining activities. This means that health and safety plans and use of PPE should be linked to the license acquisition process for miners.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2014

This study analyzed 548 pieces of these, which were reported in the Journal of Dental Hygiene Science of having been published from 2001 to Vol. 12, No. 6 in 2012. In conclusion, as for analysis of research design, first, it was the largest in cross sectional research. Second, the research subjects of survey theses were higher in order of dental hygienist and dental hygiene student. Third, number of thesis authors was the largest in order of two persons and three persons. Fourth, statistical method was in order of descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA. Research theme was in order of dental health behavioral science and clinical dental hygiene. Fifth, as for research-expense benefit, only 17.7% was supported research funds. As a result of this study, there should be a research on thesis of diverse designs in the future. There is a need of being performed actively a research on alienated classer or special subjects as well as a research on activity related to dental hygiene.