• Title/Summary/Keyword: Cross-pollination

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Growth of pollen tube between self pollination and interspecific pollination of Lilium Genus (Lilium 속의 자가수분 및 불화합성의 종간의 교잡수분에 미치는 화분관의 생장 행동)

  • EuiSooYoon
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.123-128
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    • 1990
  • In every reciprocal crosses of self pollination, interspecific pollination through ordinary stigma pollination of L. longiflorum and $L.{\;}{\times}{\;}elegans$, pollen vigorously germinated in stigma, and pollen tube was growing. But, 5 days after pollination, pollen tube stopping their growth in the same style as was observed in the cross of self pollination and interspecific pollination. Intrastylar pollination of $L.{\;}{\times}{\;}elegans$ and L. longiflorum passed stylar cannal through the basal part of styles. But, pollen tube that was growing to the ovule of the ovary was extremely small. In morphogical observation of ovary 10 days after pollination, it was observed, that every reciprocal crosses of L. longiflorum ${\times}$ L. ${\times}$ elegans was fertilized through intrastylar pollination, so that this technique was used to overcome cross incompatibilities.lities.

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Self-Incompatibility and Embryo Development in Astragali Radix (황기 자가불화합성과 배 발달)

  • Kim, Young-Guk;Yu, Hong-Seob;Seong, Nak-Sul;Park, Ho-Ki;Son, Seok-Yong
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.287-293
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    • 2008
  • This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of fertilization process and embryo development of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (Astragali Radix) to provide basic data needed in its breeding. A. membranaceus showed poor seed setting when self-pollination was induced. When artificial pollination was induced, it showed less than 5% bearing in late August, but more than 13% bearing from the beginning of September 4th. The flower size was about $17.0\;mm{\times}4.0\;mm$ and pistils and stamens had the same length of 15.0mm at flowering stage. When self-pollination or cross-pollination was induced, pollen tubes extended to an ovule. While pollen tube was extending to the ovule, reproductive cell split and formed two male generative nuclei and a vegetative nucleus. In the case of self-pollination, fertilized embryo was not observed, but was formed in the case of cross-pollination. A. membranaceus is noted to have zygote self-incompatibility. In the case of cross-pollination, fertilization was observed in 6 to 8 h after pollination, where apical cell derivatives split after fertilization. A spherical pro-embryo was then formed three days after fertilization. The seed attained full shape with a seed coat showing its distinctive contour 15 days after fertilization. Thus, A. membranaceus in Leguminosae family is found to have zygote selfincompatibility although its flower shape is shown to match the self-compatibility plant.

Pollination Methods for Overcoming Pre-fertilization Incompatibility in Interspecific Crosses between Lilium longiflorum 'Gelria' and L. cernuum Native in Korea (나팔나리와 자생 솔나리와의 종간 교잡 시 수정 전 불화합성 타파를 위한 수분방법)

  • Kim, Young Jin;Park, Sung Min;Kim, Jong Hwa
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.373-377
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    • 2001
  • This study was conducted to find optimum pollination methods for overcoming pre-fertilization incompatibility in interspecific crosses between L. longiflorum 'Gelria' (LG) and L. cernuum (LC). In cross combination of $LC{\times}LG$, the survival rate of the ovaries was higher in the cut style pollinations than in normal stigmatic pollination. Among the various cut style pollination methods, pollination after cutting the styles 2 3mm length above the ovary and top of the ovary were the most effective ones. No ovaries and ovules survived in cross pollination of $LC{\times}LG$. In self-pollination of LG and cross pollination of $LC{\times}LG$, pollens germinated on the stigma by 12 hours and reached to the ovules by 90 hours after pollination. However, in the cross pollination of $LC{\times}LG$, pollen tubes elongated very slowly until 48 hours after pollination and a lot of deformed tubes were observed in the styler canal having swelled tube tip and irregular heavy callose deposition. The pollination time after anthesis also affected on the survival rate of ovaries and ovules showing the best result when pollinated on three days after anthesis. Stigma exudate promoted slightly the enlargement of ovaries, but the survival rate of ovaries and ovules was not increased.

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Effects of Days after Pollination and Media on Asymbiotic Germination in Cross Combination of Cymbidium spp. (수분 후 경과일수 및 배지가 심비디움 교배조합의 무균발아에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Mi Seon;Lee, Young Ran;Won, Je Yang;Kim, Jae Yeong;Kim, Byeong Hyeon;Eun, Jong Seon
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.236-238
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    • 1998
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effective media and optimal days after pollination for germination of seeds which were crossed by selfing or reciprocal pollination in Cymbidium spp. The elongation of ovary stopped about 110 days after pollination regardless of cross combinations. The increase of ovary width stopped about 140 days after pollination showing some differences among cross combinations. The cross combinations expressing high capsule number and viability showed good germination when they were sown in vitro. The capsules collected 150 to 180 days after pollination showed good germination performance and short days of germination. Hyponex media was the most effective for protocorm development and germination.

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Cone and Seed Development after Self-pollination in Pinus rigida Mill. (리기다소나무에 있어서 자배(自配) 후(後) 구과(毬果) 및 종자(種子)의 발달(發達))

  • Chung, Min Sup
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.62 no.1
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    • pp.82-86
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    • 1983
  • Cone and seed development after self-pollination in 14-year-old Pinus rigida Mill. was investigated in an $F_1$-hybrid seed orchard that consists of Pinus rigida Mill. and Pinus taeda L. in alternative rows. On an average, 83.8% of the self-pollinated receptive female strobili developed into cones. This value appears to be normal compared to cone development after open-pollination in other pine species such as in Pinus sylvestris L. However, there was a great variation in filled seed development after self-pollination among the investigated individual trees (Table 1-1). The 34.5%, a ratio of filled seeds after self-pollination was significantly lower than 91.7%, that by the open-pollination. Some of the investigated trees developed 70.0%-83.5% of filled seeds after self-pollination. Thus, those are not desirable as trees for seed parent in establishing $F_1$-hybrid seed orchards in future. A further study on the rate of filled seed development by various pollination systems consisting of self-pollination, self-and cross-pollination with intraspecific, mixed (tree's own and foreign pollens) pollens and cross-pollination with interspecific, mixed pollens of the two parental tree species is necessary to determine the quality of seed parent trees in establishing $F_1$-hybrid seed orchards.

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Studies on the Intergeneric Crosses in Triticeae I. Influence of Crossing Methods and Chemicals on the Hybridization Rate in Wheat-barley Crossings (맥류의 종속간 교잡에 관한 연구 제1보 교배방법 및 교배촉진물질의 처리가 교잡종자 생산에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, B.Y.;Hong, B.H.;Cho, C.H.;Je, S.Y.
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.111-115
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    • 1982
  • The trials were carried out for improvement of early maturing wheat varieties, desease resistant and good quality through transfering good characters of barley to the wheat, during 1980-'81. For these purpose, Chinese Spring, a wheat variety was used as male and Manker 16 a barley variety, as female parents. EACA($\varepsilon$-Amino Caprolic Acid) known as an inhibitor of blood coagulation was injected to all barley from 14 days until heading with 1$m\ell$ per culm at the level of 500ppM. $GA_3$ solution which accelerates pollen activity was also used with 75ppM concentration after pollination for two days including check to determine the single effect of EACA. Two different methods of the cross were used. One was bud-pollination, another was post-pollination. The result indicated that the post-pollination was better than bud-pollination in terms of pollination rate, even though formation rate of normal embryo was seemingly adversed. The new plant derived from barley-wheat cross was similar in phenotype to the wheat.

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Comparison of Pollination Efficiency on Different Pollination Methods in Yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) (백합나무의 인공교배 방법에 따른 교배 효율성 비교)

  • Ryu, Keun-Ok;Kwon, Hae-Yun;Choi, Hyung-Soon;Kim, In-Sik;Cho, Do-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.98 no.6
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    • pp.696-702
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    • 2009
  • Yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) is an insect-pollinated tree species with large, perfect flower, and its seed sets average only about 10 percent naturally. In its controlled pollination, pollination bags are usually taken to prevent unwanted pollination, but bagging is an expensive and time-consuming process. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the need of pollination bag by estimating how much unintended pollination would occur when different cross methods were applied. Five different pollination methods were applied as follows: 1) natural open pollination (i.e. insect pollination) as a reference, 2) self-pollination; no removing reproductive organs with bagging, 3) open pollination; emasculated(removing sepal, petal and stamen) without bagging, 4) controlled pollination; emasculated with bagging and 5) controlled pollination; emasculated without bagging. Very low value of full seed rate (0.2%) was observed in method 3, it was suggested that removing stamen and petal restrict the activity of pollen vectors like bee. Difference in the full seed rate between method 4 and method 5 was not significant (27.9% versus 24.0%, respectively). Consequently, controlled pollination without bagging might be an alternative method for extensive breeding and mass production of seeds in yellow poplar.

Flowering Periods, Genetic Characteristics, and Cross-Pollination Rate of Zoysia spp. in Natural Open-Pollination (자연 방임수분 상태에서 한국잔디류의 개화기간, 유전특성 및 타가수분율)

  • Choi, Dong-Keun;Yang, Geun-Mo;Choi, Joon-Soo
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.13-24
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    • 2008
  • This study was carried out to provide basic information for the breeding of zoysiagrass synthetic varieties. For estimation of flowering periods, genetic characteristics, and cross-pollination rate, 5 combinations of zoysiagrass breeding lines were compared. Days to stigma emergence and anther exertion were observed in the field to calculate overlapping dates for cross-fertilization. Harvested seed from cross breeding combinations were planted to compare genetic characteristics using morphological traits of progenies. These data were used for determination of 7 phenotypic inheritance types with 8 morphological traits. Cross-pollination rates in 3 combinations of zoysiagrasses were estimated by using lower part color of grass shoots. Cross-pollination rates of zoysiagrass ranged from 11.3$\sim$48.9%, which indicated that zoysiagrass is an allogamous plant. When zoysiagrass breeding lines are properly combined, they may result in valuable synthetic cultivars.

Distribution of S-alleles among Korean Apples by PCR and Cross-pollination

  • Heo, Seong;Kwon, Soon-Il;Hwang, Jeong-Hwan;Shin, Yong-Uk;Kim, Mok-Jong;Park, Bong Ju;Oh, Sung-Il;Oh, Young-Jae;Kim, Daeil
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.757-763
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    • 2012
  • To acquaint correct information about the fertilizability and analyze S-allele based genetic diversity among Korean apples, we investigated self-incompatibility genotypes by PCR and cross-pollination tests in field. As a consequence, S-genotypes of Korean apples were distributed within narrow genetic diversity as $S_1S_3$ for 'Hongro' and 'Saenara'; $S_1S_9$ for 'Gamhong' and 'Manbok'; $S_3S_5$ for 'Seokwang'; $S_3S_9$ for 'Sunhong', 'Seohong', 'Chukwang', and 'Hwahong'. Coupled with cross-pollination experiments in field, our results provide support for the view that apples are fully compatible when both of their S-loci differ and semi-compatible when they carry one different and one identical S-locus. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that S-alleles have to be extended to various genotypes for Korean apple breeding.

Identification of Self-incompatibility Genotypes of Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) by PCR and Test Crosses

  • Jun, Ji Hae;Nam, Eun Young;Kwon, Jung Hyun;Chung, Kyeong Ho;Yoon, Ik-Koo;Yun, Seok-Kyu;Shin, Yong-Uk;Kwon, Soon Il
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.43 no.5
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    • pp.368-374
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    • 2011
  • Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars show a gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) system, like other fruit species of Rosaceae family. Thus, it is necessary to determine their S-genotypes in order for stable fruit set in commercial cultivation. S-genotypes of apricots were determined by PCR and test crosses. Three sets of consensus primers designed from Prunus S-RNases were used to amplify fragments containing the first and second S-RNase intron, respectively. Through the results obtained from the 3 PCRs, we could identify SI genotypes of 33apricot cultivars. Several cultivars such as 'Heiwa', 'Yamagata No.3' and 'Shinsuoomi' had the self-compatible (Sc) allele. Self-pollination tests revealed that cultivars with Sc allele were self-compatible. Cross-pollination tests confirmed that there was cross-incompatibility between the cultivars with the same S-genotypes. These results might be very useful for growers for effective pollination and for breeders using these in cross breeding programs.