Comparison of Pollination Efficiency on Different Pollination Methods in Yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)

백합나무의 인공교배 방법에 따른 교배 효율성 비교

  • Ryu, Keun-Ok (Department of Forest Resource Development, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Kwon, Hae-Yun (Department of Forest Resource Development, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Choi, Hyung-Soon (Department of Forest Resource Development, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, In-Sik (Department of Forest Resource Development, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Cho, Do-Hyun (Department of Forest Resource Development, Korea Forest Research Institute)
  • 유근옥 (국립산림과학원 산림자원육성부) ;
  • 권해연 (국립산림과학원 산림자원육성부) ;
  • 최형순 (국립산림과학원 산림자원육성부) ;
  • 김인식 (국립산림과학원 산림자원육성부) ;
  • 조도현 (국립산림과학원 산림자원육성부)
  • Received : 2009.09.17
  • Accepted : 2009.11.11
  • Published : 2009.12.31

Abstract

Yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) is an insect-pollinated tree species with large, perfect flower, and its seed sets average only about 10 percent naturally. In its controlled pollination, pollination bags are usually taken to prevent unwanted pollination, but bagging is an expensive and time-consuming process. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the need of pollination bag by estimating how much unintended pollination would occur when different cross methods were applied. Five different pollination methods were applied as follows: 1) natural open pollination (i.e. insect pollination) as a reference, 2) self-pollination; no removing reproductive organs with bagging, 3) open pollination; emasculated(removing sepal, petal and stamen) without bagging, 4) controlled pollination; emasculated with bagging and 5) controlled pollination; emasculated without bagging. Very low value of full seed rate (0.2%) was observed in method 3, it was suggested that removing stamen and petal restrict the activity of pollen vectors like bee. Difference in the full seed rate between method 4 and method 5 was not significant (27.9% versus 24.0%, respectively). Consequently, controlled pollination without bagging might be an alternative method for extensive breeding and mass production of seeds in yellow poplar.

본 연구는 충매화인 백합나무의 구조적 생리적 특성을 활용하여 인공교배 시 교배봉투 설치 과정의 생략이 가능한지 여부를 판단하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 1) 자연 상태(open-pollination)의 비교구, 2) 생식기관(꽃잎, 수술)을 제거하지 않고 교배봉투만 설치(self-pollination), 3) 생식기관만 제거하고 방치, 4) 생식기관 제거 및 인공수분을 실시 후 교배봉투 설치, 5) 생식기관 제거 및 인공수분 실시 후 교배봉투를 씌우지 않는 5 가지의 교배처리를 하였다. 시험결과, 생식기관을 제거하지 않고 교배봉투만 설치한 2번 처리구에서는 충실종자가 전혀 만들어지지 않아 자연 상태에서 자가수분에 의해 종자가 결실될 확률은 매우 낮은 것으로 보인다. 생식기관만 제거하고 교배봉투를 씌우지 않은 3번 처리구의 충실종자 결실률은 0.2%로 통상적인 대규모 인공교배 시의 발생하는 오차수준 보다 매우 낮은 미미한 수준이었다. 생식기관을 제거하고 인공수분을 실시한 후 교배봉투를 씌운 4번 처리구와 씌우지 않은 5번 처리구 종자 충실률은 각각 27.9%와 24.0%로 나타나 인공수분 후 교배봉투를 씌우지 않아도 외부 화분의 유입에 의한 종자 결실률의 증가는 없는 것으로 보인다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 백합나무에서는 대규모 인공교배 시 인공수분 후 교배봉투를 씌우는 과정을 생략해도 큰 무리가 없을 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Beck, D.E. and Della-Bianca, L. 1981. Yellow-poplar: Characteristics and management. Agriculture Handbook No. 583, USDA Forest Service Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, NC, pp.90
  2. Beck, D.E. 1990. Liriodendron tulipifera L. yellow poplar. In: Silvics of North America Vol 2 Hardwoods. Burns RM, Honkala BH (eds.), Agriculture Handbook No. 654, USDA Forest Service, Washington DC, pp.406-416
  3. Bonner, F.T. and Russell, T.E. 1974. Liriodendron tulipifera L. yellow-poplar. In: Seeds of Woody plants in the United States. Schopmeyer CS (ed.), Agriculture Handbook No. 450, USDA Forest Service, Washington DC, pp. 508-511
  4. Bonner, F.T. 1976. Maturation and collection of yellowpoplar seeds in the midsouth. USDA Agriculture Forest Service Research Paper SO-121. p.9
  5. Boyce, S.G. and Kaeiser, M. 1961. Why yellow-poplar seeds have low viability. USDA Forest Service, Technical Paper 186. Central States Forest Experiment Station, Columbus, OH. 16p
  6. Carpenter, I.W. and Guard, A.T. 1950. Some effects of cross-pollination and hybrid vigor of tulip tree. J. For. 48: 852-855
  7. Clark, F.B. and Boyce, S.G. 1964. Yellow-poplar seed remains viable in the forest litter. Journal of Forest 62:564-567
  8. Cronquist, A. 1982. Basic Botany. 2nd ed. Harper and Row, Publishers, New York
  9. Han, S.D. Lee, D.K., Shim, S.Y., Hong, S.H. and Shon, S.I. 1990. Growth and morphological characteristics of Pinus rigida Miller and its hybrid crossed with southern pine in Korea. Korean J. Breeding 22: 137-147 (in Korean)
  10. Houston, D.B. and Joehlin, K.A. 1989. Are pollination bags needed for controlled pollination programs with yellow poplar? Silvae Genetica. 38: 137-140
  11. Hwang, S.I., Cho, K.J., Lee, M.H., Lee, J.S., Lee, B.S. and Lee, U. 2004. Genetic relation and identification of Genus Juglans using I-SSR markers. Journal of Korean Forest Society 93:417-422 (in Korean)
  12. Kaeiser, M., Boyce, S.G. 1962. X-ray negatives for sorting yellow-poplar samaras with filled and empty seeds. Journal of Forestry 60: 410-411
  13. Koo, Y.B., Kim, I.S., Yeo, J.K., Lee, J.C. and Tak, W.S. 2001. Characteristics of Korean aspen(Populus davidiana Dode) progenies from artificial mating. Korean Journal of Breeding Science 33: 311-317 (in Korean)
  14. Lee, B.S., Lee, M.H., Hwang, S.I., Kim, S.C., Han, S.S. and Lee, U. 2004. Characteristics of F1 seeds of the cross between Actinidia arguta and A. deliciosa. Korean J. Breeding 3: 345-349 (in Korean)
  15. Lee, J.S., Moon, H.K. and Kim, Y.W. 2003. Mass propagation of Liriodendron tulipifera L. via somatic embryogenesis. Korean Journal of Plant Biotechnology. 30: 359-363 (in Korean)
  16. Limstrom, G.A. 1958. Stratify yellow-poplar seed or sow directly? Tree Planters' Notes 32/April: 3-4
  17. Ryu, K.O. and Kim, H.E. 2003. Development of techniques and handling for seedling production of yellowpoplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.). Journal of Korean Forest Society 92(3): 236-245 (in Korean)
  18. Ryu, K.O., Kim, U.J., Kim, I.S., Choi, H.S., Lee, D.H. and Kim, Y.W. 2008. Liriodendron tulipifera L. -Growth Characteristics and Utilization Technique-. Korea Forest Research Institute Research Note No. 320. 286pp. (in Korean)
  19. Taft, K.A. 1962. The effect of controlled pollination and honeybees on seed quality of yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) as assessed by X-ray photography. Forest Tree Improvement program school of Forestry, N.C. State of College, Technical Report No. 13, 21pp
  20. Whipple, S.D. 1968. Yellow-popular regeneration after seed tree cutting and site preparation. Auburn Univ.Agric. Exp. Sn. Bull. 384, p. 15
  21. Williams, R.D. and Mony, C.C. 1962. Yellow-poplar seedling yield increased seed stratification. Journal of Forestry 60: p878
  22. Wilcox, J.R. and Taft, K.A. Jr. 1969. Genetics of yellow poplar. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. Wo-6. 12pp
  23. Zobel, B. and Talbert, J.T. 1984. Applied Forest Tree Improvement. John Wiley and Sons. 505pp