• 비교문화연구
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• 제26권
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• pp.7-41
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• 2012

• 산경연구논집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2021

Purpose: The international business is affected by significant cultural factors that may impediment the operation and the ultimate performance of a business organization. The current study aims to investigate prior literatures works to find cross-cultural discrepancies such as the cultural distance that impacts international companies' operations and management and develop appropriate strategies for realizing high performance while overcoming these challenges. Research design, data and methodology: To find the required sources, the study employed the use of secondary data. Different search strategies were used to find the necessary materials from various sources. The data composed of an extensive review from multiple peer-reviewed journals and other existing research. Results: Based on literature analysis, the current study suggests novel seven strategies for multinational organizations. As a result, this study provides various pieces of literature to deduce meaningful information on the appropriate business strategies that a company can use to bridge the gap of the limitations of cross-cultural impacts on international businesses. Conclusion: An organization moving into a new cultural environment faces challenges including tastes and preferences, norms, language barriers, and beliefs. Organizations, therefore, have to devise the best strategies to align themselves with the prevailing cultural conditions to reap the benefits of internationalization.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.191-209
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• 2015

Social Media 상의 Electronic word-of-mouth(eWOM)는 다양한 사업 경영에 있어서 핵심적인 마케팅 도구로 인식되고 있다. 환대산업에서는 이 Social Media eWOM를 이해하는 것은 잠재적 고객들에게 국제적으로 쉽고 빠르게 다가가는 핵심요인이라 볼 수 있다. 그러나 환대산업분야에서의 Social Media eWOM의 효율성을 국제적 관점에서 평가하는 실증 연구는 아주 부족한 실정이다. 환대산업시장의 경쟁적인 특성을 고려하면, 마케팅 종사자들은 Social Media eWOM의 효율성의 평가는 물론, 외국인 고객을 촉진하고 수익성을 증대하기 위한 문화적 요소에 의한 효과의 평가하여야 한다. 본 연구의 핵심 목적은 환대산업에서 Social Media eWOM가 문화적 가치에 영향력을 검증하는 것이다. 본 연구는 중국, 한국, 미국의 세 나라를 비교 하여 나라마다 Social Media eWOM에 관여하는 정도의 차이의 존재를 실증하였다. 본 연구는 환대산업 마케터에게 국제적 Social Media 마케팅 전략에 중요한 의미를 제공할 것이라 기대된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.477-487
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• 2016

이 논문의 목적은 문화적인 측면 및 인종과 관련하여 인도와 중국의 녹색 마케팅의 효과와 경향을 탐구하는 것이다. 이 두 나라는 경제력 측면에서 유망해 보이지만 다른 선진국에 비해 녹색 마케팅에 관한 의식이 부족하다. 여러 가지의 조치가 이러한 국가의 녹색 마케팅에 대한 인식의 증진을 위해 다양한 산업을 통하여 진행되고 있다. 이들 두 나라는 그린 마케팅의 영역에서 빠른 성장을 하고 있으며 그린 마케팅은 선행 연구에서 증명된 문화적 차이를 이용하여 그 방법을 개선해야 한다. 가까운 장래에, 보다 적극적인 녹색 마케팅에 대한 전반적인 환경 인식을 고양시키기 위해 인종에 대한 고려가 절실히 필요하다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2021

측정도구의 구조타당도는 내용타당도 이후 가장 먼저 수행되어야 할 측정 속성이다. 이를 위해 국내 간호학에서는 주로 CFA를 사용하는데, CFA로 얻을 수 없는 정보들을 제시하는 IRT/라쉬 분석도 같이 적용해 볼 것을 추천한다. 구조타당도 이외에 내적일관성 및 교차문화타당도/측정동일성 또한 측정도구의 내적구조를 확인하기 위한 것이다. 국내 간호학 측정도구 연구에서 교차문화타당도/측정동일성에 대한 검증은 거의 찾아볼 수 없는 상황이다. 따라서 앞으로는 이에 대한 평가도 시행되기를 바란다.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2015

Objectives Nijmegen Questionnaire is one tool used internationally to evaluate hyperventilation syndrome. However, there is a necessity of developing Korean version of the Nijmegen Questionnaire, as the questionnaire of the original one are written in English, marking it hard to apply for Korean patients. So as a first step, we conducted a cross-cultural translation of the Nijmegen Questionnaire into Korean and verification of content validity. Methods We translated the Nijmegen Questionnaire into Korean up to guidelines of cross-cultural adaptation. We conducted a survey with 45 subjects to get content validity, using the translated questionnaire. Results About the translated Nijmegen Questionnaire, 28 out of 45 subjects replied that they had no difficulty understanding them, while 17 were pointed out ambiguous items and 7 offered ideas about ambiguous expressions of them. Upon further examination of five Korean Medical doctors, one sentence was additionally modified in the translated version. Conclusions We translated and adapted cross-culturally the original Nijmegen Questionnaire to develop a Korean version in accordance with internationally accepted guidelines. Then we conducted a survey for content validity with the translated questionnaire and gathered opinions from those questioned. After going through some examining and correcting procedures based on the opinions, we finalized the Korean version of Nijmegen Questionnaire. It will also require a follow-up verification process to prove reliability and validity of the final version of the Korean version of Nijmegen Questionnaire.

• Architectural research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2012

In contemporary Korean society, urban community environment is often associated with high-density and high-rise residences that make people's relationships superficial, instrumental and impersonal. Furthermore, urban community consistently interplays with neighboring residents and childhood emotional experience are influential on their unconscious images and attitude about their current neighborhood environment, while affecting the environmental attitude and the formation of community sense. Previous research found evidences that increased level of community sense is fostering more feeling of living in so-called "real neighborhood environment." This study aimed to cross-culturally examine what the respondents' emotional perception and their attitude were about the community environment in their childhood through environmental autobiography method and to examine the effects of the results on adults' formation of sense of community for their current community environment. Extensive literature review explored a few important theoretical framework which are closely related to sense of community (SOC) as a result of emotional experience: membership, influence, integration and fulfillment of needs, shared emotional connection and community satisfaction. Chi-square and GLM analysis revealed that there were no demographic, and socio-economic differences between two groups of Korean and US residents. Correlation analysis indicated that childhood emotional experience of Koreans and US citizens was statistically significant on sense of community for their current living community. Multi-regression analysis also found that the degree of influence were the main predictors for building strong sense of current community throughout a cross-cultural group. Furthermore, the relationship between various emotional experience of each factor in previous and current community environment were statistically significantly related. It is concluded that as the positive childhood experience of influence in their past community was going up, the level of sense of community for their current community was strengthened across their cross-cultural background.

• 감성과학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.271-284
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• 2008

한 시대나 사회의 얼굴매력에 대한 관점을 영화배우 등 인기연예인의 얼굴분석을 통해 알 수 있다는 가정 하에 물리적 특징에 기반 한 한국 및 외국 연예인 얼굴 의 교차 문화적 특징 및 추세를 알아보았다. 얼굴인상감성모형을 이용하여 각 연예인얼굴의 물리적 특징을 측정하고 얼굴유형을 분류하였다. 분석대상은 한국의 여자연예인 47명, 남자연예인 47명, 외국 여자연예인 116명과 남자연예인 87명으로 총 297명이었다. 교차문화적인 분석에서 나타난 한국과 외국의 남녀 연예인 얼굴의 공통적인 특징은 날카로운 인상이었다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.43-61
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• 2016

This paper has identified some theoretical reasons and empirical evidence for negative scores that occur in Japan and Korea or unstable NPS scores that can be experienced. A psychological analysis of NPS results sheds light on the validity of the negative NPS scores that are often found in Japan and Korea. Usually customer experience surveys utilize a "single stimulus" such as the "company" or the "company's products / services." However, in the case of the "recommendation to friend" question of the NPS system there are two stimuli namely the "company product/service" and the influence of "friends." Hence, the survey outcomes from this question can be very different when compared with other single stimulus questions such as "overall satisfaction" or "repurchase." Japanese and Korean people may have a positive attitude towards the company but they will provide low NPS scores because they are reflecting that they would not run the risk of ruining their relationships with their friends by making a recommendation. As a result, in the NPS system these people will be labeled as "detractors" when in fact they are "ambivalent customers." Using several Japanese and Korean based marketing research industry examples and case studies, different strategies are proposed to address the issue of negative scores in the NPS system in Japan and Korea. The Customers Psyche appears to be the key determinant factors for both types of behavioural items (items with a single stimulus as well as items with two stimuli).

• 한국IT서비스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국IT서비스학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.602-605
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• 2009

Digital content piracy has been shown to be an emerging societal problem, However, Studies on digital content piracy are very limited. In this paper, we try to find whether Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB) can explain the online digital content piracy in China. In addition to the finding of TPB's usefulness, We also examine the cross-cultural differences between Korea and China in behavior towards online digital content piracy. we argue that cultural factors moderate the strength of the relationships in the TPB model in online digital content piracy. we use a theoretical model of behavior based on the framework of the TPB(Theory of Planned Behavior) and Hofstede's national cultural dimensions. Our results indicate that the general TPB(Theory of Planned Behavior) model of software piracy is broadly applicable to digital content piracy in China. Our findings also show that most of the hypothesized moderating effects of national cultural factors were found to be significant.