• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2018

Objectives : This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of uninsured herbal medicine(UHM) users and the economic and social barriers of UHM utilization. Methods : We used the Korea Health Panel Data, representative national survey on medical utilization and cost, provided by National Health Insurance Service and Korea Institiute of Health and Social Affairs. The frequency analysis was used to identify the characteristics of the respondents, and the cross-analysis (${\chi}^2-test$) was used to verify the relationship between their characteristics and the usage of UHM. In order to analyze the determinants of using the UHM considering the individual's characteristics, logistic regression analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted for those who used the Korean medicine (KM) outpatient service in 2015. Results : The usage of UHM was significantly lower for those (1) who's age of 20 to 65; (2) who have the university or higher education degree; (3) who live in Jeju province, and (4) who bought the herbal medicine for other health related purposes. On the other hand, the usage of UHM for those (1) who have the first quintile of household income; (2) who have the chronic respiratory disease; (3) who have been taking the medicine for health promotion purpose for more than 3 months and (4) who have purchased the food which has health promotion function was significantly higher than others. The patients who have chronic musculoskeletal diseases accounted the most among the UHM users. Conclusions : There was the considerable inequality in the usage of UHM among household income groups, which provides policy rationale for UHM to be covered by national health insurance. To facilitate the coverage expansion, restrictive covering model can be considered for children and adolescents, or for patients with muskuloskeletal diseases who have the high demand for UHM.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.105-113
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• 2015

In order to evaluate the energy performance of buildings, it is important to determine reliable information of energy utilization during operating phase. It is also required to establish the database which have the amounts of population deducted by objective filtering and analysis. In this study, all energy sources were applied to evaluate synthetically the energy performance of Multi-Family Housings(MFH) using district heating and the amounts of population were obtained sufficiently through data searching in Seoul and neighbor cities. Finally the database of source energy utilization and $CO_2$ emission in 325 MFH complexes were established through cross validation between data sources and statistical analysis. Additionally, further ideas have been proposed to improve existing MFH Management Information System.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.12A
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• pp.1111-1119
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• 2005

A single fiber cut can potentially influence a total of 1.6 Tbps of traffic and is surprisingly frequent and results in significant loss of traffic. The survivability as we as the resource utilization of the connection in optical networks is important. Existing protection mechanisms to rapidly recover the failures allocate the backup path just SRLG-disjointed with working path. Those did not consider the unbalanced resource share of backup paths. The backup paths can be centralized on the specific link so that the idle resource is not used. As a result, as those do not efficiently use the resource the whole resource utilization is not so good. So we propose the mechanism to enhance the resources utilization as settling down the unbalanced resource share. Our purpose is to improve the link utilization as distributing the maximum link load.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.220-229
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• 2016

Background: The treatment goal for patients with chronic hepatitis B infection is to prevent progression of the disease to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current therapies include standard and pegylated interferon-alfa and nucleoside/nucleotide analogues: lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, telbivudine, clevudine, and tenofovir. This study aims to analyze changes in the prescribing patterns of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) medications in South Korea between 2013 and 2014. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using National Patients Sample data compiled by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service from 2013 and 2014. Patients with CHB were identified with Korean Standard Classification of Diseases code-6 (B18.0 and B18.1) and those who were maintaining active prescriptions with CHB medications covering the index date (December $1^{st}$, each year) were included. The utilization of antiviral therapy was investigated during 2013 and 2014. Results: A total of 4,204 and 4,552 patients in 2013 and 2014 respectively, were included in the analysis. The proportion of male patients was two of third and the patients 41-60 years old accounted for 60% of all analyzed patients. The most utilized drug was entecavir (55.1% in 2013 and 44.8% in 2014) and the second most utilized drug was tenofovir in both years (18.8% in 2013 and 29.0% in 2014). The percentage of combination therapy was 13.6% and 13.1% in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The proportion of tenofovir prescriptions was increased in 2014 compared with 2013. Conclusion: With the development of new drugs and the changes in clinical practice guidelines, the prescription pattern of the antiviral agents for patients with CHB has changed. The rate of utilization of tenofovir has increased.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.528-537
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• 1996

Qualify changes of microwave-reheated cooked rice aseptic-packaged with different lid materials and oxygen absorbers were determined during storage at $20^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$. Springiness cohesiveness and adhesiveness increased as storage temperature increased, while gumminess and hardness decreased. Lid materials oxygen absorbers, and storage temperatures showed no significant effect on the textural properties of cooked rice after microwave reheating. Degree of gelatinization was increased as storage temperature increased and was restored after microwave reheating. Scanning electron micrograph showed that the surface of cooked rice became rough and hollowed after microwave reheating for 1.5 min, indicating starch was regelatinized, while there was no difference with respect to lid materials. Photomicrographs of the cross-section of aseptic-Packaged cooked rice showed that a compact and solid structure increased and retrogradation occured in starch as storage temperature decreased, while a compact and solid structure was decreased and starch was regelatinized after microwave reheating.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.210-220
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• 2017

Purpose: The study aimed to describe the utilization of home healthcare in patients using home mechanical ventilator(HMV) Method: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used in this study. A Questionnaires were sent to nation wide home healthcare agencies to assess their utilization status of home healthcare. A convenience sample of 158 patients data was reviewed. Result: A total of 88(55.7%) men with the mean age of 51.94(${\pm}19.52$) years were included in the study. Approximately 55.1% of patients at the outpatient department were referred to the home healthcare services after discharge. The underlying diseases were as follows : 129 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 27 muscular dystrophies. A total of 155 patients have invasive HMV. Efficient home healthcare nursing activities provided by a highly skilled home healthcare advanced practice nurses(HHCAPN) were tracheotomy and gastrostomy tube management and urinary catheterization. The average frequency of home visit for one patient was 2.52times per month. The duration of home healthcare utilization with >1 year was 82.9%. HHCAPNs have limited knowledge and skill for HMV. Conclusion: The government support is required to provide sufficient home healthcare services to the patients discharged with HMV. HHCAPNs should be properly educated on the effective HMV care.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.60-70
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relation between health behavior and public health center utilization among lower income families who earned half of the average Korean family income. The cross-sectional descriptive survey research we conducted was a nationwide randomization sampling among lower income families. The data was collected from July 12 to August 7. 1999 and the total sample was 5.819 household members 1,735 households). There were, three major findings according to these studies. 1. In health behaviors, 26.5% of respondents had a health examination. Among them, 41.5% were in a poor condition of health. In health promotion behaviors, only 37.3% of respondents were doing activities for health maintenance or promotion. 2. In the results of the public health center utilization for the past year. 57.4% of respondents visited one or more times. In addition, 46.2% of respondents wanted to use a visiting nursing service. 3. In the results of multiple logistic regression, we found that less education, larger family size, and medicaid affects more utilization of public health center. In addition, older age, living without a spouse, less education, larger family size, lower family income. and public health center usage affects requests for the visiting nurse service.

• 한국노년학
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1119-1135
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• 2012

The single and the married couples elderly are rapidly increasing in the next twenty years. Due to the size of these group, their level of living, life satisfaction, income and medical security and welfare services utilization have been a social issue in Korea. For these reasons, the purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of welfare services utilization by the single and the married couples elderly. Their analyses were composed of a cross-tabulations and t-test, analysis of variance, duncan test, multiple regression analysis using 5'th Wave Korea Welfare Panel(2010). Data were collected from a survey of 2,716. The results showed that the elderly single women had the lowest level of income and health, the elderly single men needed the help about the emotional support for improvement of family and social relations. The married couples elderly are young and the participation rate of job opportunities for the elderly is high, relatively. The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that the level of income and medical security and the satisfaction of family relationships were important factors as related to the welfare services utilization.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.116-123
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• 2022

Background: Recently, there have been various developments in medical service robots (MSRs). However, few studies have examined the perceptions of those who use it. The purpose of this study is to identify user perceptions of MSRs. Methods: We conducted a survey of 320 patients, doctors, and nurses. The contents of the survey were organized as follows: external appearances, perceptions, expected utilization, possible safety accidents, and awareness of their responsibilities. Statistical analyses were performed using t-test, chi-square test, and analysis of variance. Results: The most preferred appearance was the animal type, with a screen. The overall average score of positive questions was 3.64±0.98 of 5 points and that of negative questions was 3.24±0.99. Thus, the results revealed that the participants had positive perceptions of MSR. The overall average of all expected utilization was 4.05±0.84. The most expected utilization was to guide hospital facilities. The most worrisome accident was exposure to personal information. Moreover, participants thought that the overall responsibility of the robot user (hospital) was greater than that of the robot manufacturer in the case of safety accidents. Conclusion: The perceptions of MSRs used in hospital wards were positive, and the overall expected utilization was high. It is necessary to recognize safety accidents for such robots, and sufficient attention is required when developing and manufacturing robots.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.19-31
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• 2022

With the development of 3D-based CAD (Computer Aided Design), attempts at freeform building design have expanded to small and medium-sized buildings in Korea. However, a standardized system for continuous utilization of shape data and BIM conversion process implemented with 3D-based NURBS is still immature. Without accurate review and management throughout the Freeform building project, interference between members occurs and the cost of the project increases. This is very detrimental to the project. To solve this problem, we proposed a continuous utilization process of 3D shape information based on BIM parameters. Our process includes algorithms such as Auto Split, Panel Optimization, Excel extraction based on shape information, BIM modeling through Adaptive Component, and BIM model utilization method using ID Code. The optimal cutting reference point was calculated and the optimal material specification was derived using the Panel Optimization algorithm. With the Adaptive Component design methodology, a BIM model conforming to the standard cross-section details and specifications was uniformly established. The automatic BIM conversion algorithm of shape data through Excel extraction created a BIM model without omission of data based on the optimized panel cutting reference point and cutting line. Finally, we analyzed how to use the BIM model built for automatic conversion. As a result of the analysis, in addition to the BIM utilization plan in the general construction stage such as visualization, interference review, quantity calculation, and construction simulation, an individual management plan for the unit panel was derived through ID data input. This study suggested an improvement process by linking the existing research on atypical panel optimization and the study of parameter-based BIM information management method. And it showed that it can solve the problems of existing Freeform building project.