• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.106-106
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• 2022

An appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer input during rice cultivation is essential for rice growth, quality control, and reduction of greenhouse gases in paddy fields. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a technology that can check whether an appropriate amount of fertilizer is applied in paddy fields. In this study, we tried to derive a method for diagnosing nitrogen fertilization level using spectroscopic diagnosis, physiological analysis, and molecular indicator genes. Nitrogen fertilization treatment was performed in a greenhouse by dividing into five treatment conditions: no fertilization (N0), low fertilization (N0.5), standard fertilization (N1.0), excessive fertilization (N1.5), and double fertilization (N2.0), respectively. Growth characteristics analysis was investigated by nitrogen fertilization conditions and growth stages, and the height of the canopy was analyzed using a laser scanner. Physiological and spectroscopic analyses were performed by analyzing chlorophyll and sugar contents and measuring SPAD and leaf spectrometer on rice leaves. In addition, real-time PCR experiment was performed to check the relative expression levels of several known nitrogen metabolism related genes. These results suggest that spectroscopic techniques can be helpful in diagnosing the level of nitrogen fertilization in rice paddy fields.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.232-236
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• 1994

The term underground stem is not used correctly as mesocotyle that is the first internode of barley, wheat and rye. Mesocotyle does not elongate and it remain in the seed in case of these crops. The elongated stem is second internode of these crops and not mesocotyle but rhizome or underground stem. The node on which the underground stem is attached is coleoptile node and coleptile is attached here. The objective of this study was to determine if the depth of sowing affect the coleoptile length and plant height. The deeper sowing caused the longer coleoptile length and plant height. Coleoptile length and plant height of 2cm depth of sowing showed significant difference with 6cm and 10cm depth of sowing in barley and wheat. Variation of these two characters were high in rye and corn because these crops were both heterogeneous due to out crossing. All the varieties of 4 crops showed significant correlation between coleoptile length and plant height. Chilbohomil showed highly significant correlation between two characters.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 1981

This study was conducted to examine the best population density and agronomic characteristics affected by different row-widths and planting-spaces within row in safflower. As both row-width and spacing were narrowed, plant height and height to first branch were increased, and the number of branch per plant showed decrease. Plant height showed negative correlation with row-width, height to first branch showed negative correlation with row-width x spacing, and number of branch per plant had positive correlation with row width, and row-width x spacing but negative correlation with plant height. Yield was affected by spacing and row-width x spacing. In spacing, 5cm plot performed the best yield, and 30 x 5cm population density was the best cultural method to increase safflower yield. Yield had negative correlation with spacing and row-width x spacing, but positive correlation with height to first branch.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.300-307
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• 2010

Greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate tolerance of six rice cultivars, three Indica${\times}$Japonica rice (long grain, cv. Dasanbyeo, Segejinmi and Hanareumbyeo) and three Japonica rice (short grain, Nampyung, Ilpumbyeo and Junamjosaeng) cultivars, to mesotrione+pretilachlor (MP) and bensulfuron-methyl+mesotrione+pretilachlor+pyriftalid (BMPP) in transplanting rice. Two herbicides were applied at 90 g and 180 g a.i. $ha^{-1}$ to three to four leaf stage rice at 5 and 15 days after transplanting, respectively. Related study was also conducted to compare $GR_{50}$ for Indica${\times}$Japonica and Japonica rice cultivars at different MP rates. Response to two herbicides varied with respect to rice cultivars and herbicide rates. All Indica${\times}$Japonica rice cultivars exhibited susceptible to both MP and BMPP as reflected by increased visual injury, shorter plant height and higher plant dry matter reduction when compared with nontreated rice cutlivars. The degree of foliar chlorosis by MP at 90 g a.i. $ha^{-1}$ was 5~6 at 7 days after treatment(DAT) but it was decreased to 3~6 at 14DAT. The degree of leaf chlorosis treated with 180 g a.i. $ha^{-1}$ MP was 6~7 at 7DAT and it was also decreased to 3~8 at 14 DAT. The plant hight of Indica${\times}$Japonica rices was inhibited by 18~43% at application of 90 g a.i. $ha^{-1}$ MP and 30~50% at 180 g a.i. $ha^{-1}$ MP. The dry matter reduction was greater than that of plant height inhibition, showing 46~73% at 90 g a.i. $ha^{-1}$ MP and 65~82% at 180 g a.i. $ha^{-1}$ MP. Similar leaf chlorosis injury and growth inhibition of rice cultivars was observed in the BMPP treatment. The injury and growth inhibition by MP and BMPP increased with increase in herbicide rate from 90 g a.i. $ha^{-1}$ to 180 g a.i. $ha^{-1}$. However, most of the Japonica cultivars are tolerant to MP and BMPP at both rates. There was no visible leaf chlorosis but plant height and dry matter production were slightly reduced at 180 g a.i. $ha^{-1}$. Based on $GR_{50}$ value determined in reduction of shoot dry weight for MP, the Indica${\times}$Japonica rice showed 12.9 fold lower compared with the Japonica rice. The result indicates that rice cultivars vary in tolerance to herbicides of MP and BMPP and Indica${\times}$Japonica rices were more susceptible than the Japonica rices to the MP and BMPP.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.470-474
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• 2015

This study was carried out to compare botanical and amylogram characteristics including table quality in waxy corn kernel. The used materials in this experiment were producted and evulated at Corn Breeding Laboratory, Coll. of Agri. & Life Sci., in CNU. In botanical characteristics CNU H09-26 among used hybrids was highest in stem height as 228.5 cm, but that of CNU H09-30 was lowest. Ear height was highest in CNU H09-23 as 78.2 cm, but that of CNU H09-30 was lowest. Ear length among hybrids were also variable as 21.2 cm to 10.8 cm. in amylogram analysis CNU H09-23 hybrid was lowest in pasting temperature, while break down of this hybrid was highest These results appeared highly in table quality. Accordingly we thought that this hybrid will be adapted as a leading variety for edible waxy corn.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-60
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• 2018

Agricultural sticky traps are used for forecasting flying insects, including fungus gnat adults. Forecasting using sticky trap is an important measure to determine pesticides or environmentally friendly control means. Sticky traps of various colors can be installed easily and quickly. The yellow sticky trap is most effective for forecasting fungus gnat adults. In addition, they are used for control purposes by mass trapping. We tested the optimum installation height of yellow sticky traps to forecast and control the fungus gnat adults effectively in the cultivation of mushroom and horticultural plants. The number of captured fungus gnat adults was highest on the second floor for button mushroom and oyster mushroom, 100 cm above the floor for sawdust shiitake mushroom, 20 cm under the floor for hydroponic strawberry, and 20 cm above the floor for hydroponic tomato. This suggests that sticky trap height should be installed differently depending on the cultivation type or environment for effective forecasting and control of fungus gnat adults.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.238-241
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• 2008

Astragalus membranaceus have used as a medicinal herb and food in Korea. It is limited its harvest by diseases, pests and climate, therefore the main objective of Astragalus membranaceus breeding is the development of varities with the resistance for them. We used mutation breeding to obtain the genetic resources with the resistance for them. Pocheon, the local variety of Astragalus membranaceus, was treated with different levels Y-ray of $100{\sim}600$ Gy. There were investigated the sensitivity on germination and survival rate, plant height and the other characters. Germination rate from 4th day after sowing was significantly decreased above the 300 Gy as compared to the control. Compared to control, the decrements of survival rate were 32, 43, 63, 72, 84 and 89% for 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 Gy, respectively. The sensitive characters to Y-ray were plant height, number of branches per plant and survival rate, and the insensitive characters were number of leaves, length of leaf, and width of leaf. Plant height, number of branches per plant and survival rate seemed to be appropriate characters to decide the radiosensitivity, and radiation doses of $200{\sim}300$ Gy ($LD_{50}$) were recommend for mutation breeding.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.214-221
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• 2019

'Aram' is a soybean cultivar developed for soy-sprout. It was developed from the crossing of 'Bosug' (Glycine max IT213209) and 'Camp' (G. max IT267356) cultivars in 2007. F₁ plants and F₂ population were developed in 2009 and 2010. A promising line was selected in the F₅ generation in 2011 using the pedigree method and it was evaluated for agronomic traits, yield, and soy-sprouts characteristics in a preliminary yield trial (PYT) in 2012 and an advanced yield trial (AYT) in 2013. Agronomic traits and yield were stable between 2014 and 2016 in the regional yield trial (RYT) in four regions (Suwon, Naju, Dalseong, and Jeju). Morphological characteristics of 'Aram' are as follows: determinate plant type, purple flowers, grey pubescence, yellow pods, and small, yellow, and spherical seeds (9.9 g 100-seeds^-1) with a light brown hilum. The flowering date was the 5^th of August and the maturity date was the 15^th of October. Plant height, first pod height, number of nods, number of branches, and number of pods were 65 cm, 13 cm, 16, 4.5, and 99, respectively. In the sprout test, germination rate and sprout characteristics of 'Aram' were comparable to that of the 'Pungsannamulkong' cultivar. The yield of 'Aram' was 3.59 ton ha^-1 and it was 12% higher than that of 'Pungsannamulkong' in southern area of Korea. The yield of 'Aram' in the Jeju region, which is the main region for soybean sprout production, was 20% higher than that of 'Pungsannamulkong'. The height of the first pod and the tolerance to lodging and pod shattering, which are connected to the adaptation to mechanized harvesting, were higher in 'Aram' compared to those in 'Pungsannamulkong'. Therefore, the 'Aram' cultivar is expected to be broadly cultivated because of its higher soybean sprout quality, and seed yield and better adaptation to mechanized harvesting. (Registration number: 7718)

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Soil salinity of reclaimed tidal land in Korea is highly important factor. High salinity is harmful to crop productivity. Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is known to be salt-tolerant and has high adaptability to diverse pedo-climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the changes of soil properties and crop productivity according to salt concentration in the reclaimed tidal lands. METHODS AND RESULTS: Experimental sites were selected at Saemangeum ($35^{\circ}46^{\prime}N$, $126^{\circ}37^{\prime}E$) reclaimed tidal land, and their dominant soil series were Munpo (coarse loamy, mixed, non-acid, mesic, typic Fluvaquents). H. tuberosus L were collected from 12 locations across Korea. Tubers were planted at $75{\times}25cm$ with EC 2 to $7dS\;m^{-1}$. Soil samples were periodically collected from both 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm depths of each site. Soil salinity and soil moisture contents were varied depending on weather conditions. Soil electrical conductivity varied from 1.0 to $5.9dS\;m^{-1}$, and soil moisture contents varied from 9.2 to 28.7%. The white-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. collected from 'Yeongwol-gun' exhibited the highest height (207 cm), followed by the white-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. collected from 'Iksan-si'(202 cm). The white-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. collected from 'GyeongJu-si' showed the highest yield (549 kg/10a). The purple-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. collected from 'Yeongwol-gun' showed the highest yield (615 kg/10a). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the plant height and tuber yield did not appear to be correlated. Considering yield and inulin content, the GyeongJu-si seemed to be suitable as the white-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. and the Yeongwol-gun seemed to be suitable as the purple-colored tubers of H. tuberosus L. in the reclaimed tidal lands. However, it is necessary to consider the relationship between the inulin content and the yield.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.274-284
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• 2022

To use kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) as a fiber and livestock feed, a high-yielding variety needs to be identified. For this, accurate phenotyping of plant height is required for this breeding purpose due to the strong relationship between plant height and yield. Plant height can be estimated using RGB images from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV-RGB) and photogrammetry based on Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms. In kenaf, accurate measurement of height is limited because kenaf stems have high flexibility and its height is easily affected by wind, growing up to 3 ~ 4 m. Therefore, we aimed to identify a method suitable for the accurate estimation of plant height of kenaf and investigate the feasibility of using the UAV-RGB-derived plant height map. Height estimation derived from UAV-RGB was improved using multi-point calibration against the five different wooden structures with known heights (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 cm). Using the proposed method, we analyzed the variation in temporal height of 23 kenaf cultivars. Our results demontrated that the actual and estimated heights were reliably comparable with the coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.80 and a slope of 0.94. This method enabled the effective identification of cultivars with significantly different heights at each growth stages.