• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2009

Effects of dark adaptation have large safety implications. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of varying illuminance and the size of critical detail on visual performance (i.e., time-to-detect) in a dark room environment. While adapting to the dark environment, ten subjects were asked to detect and answer simple numerical expressions under 9 experimental conditions (3 illuminance level $\times$ 3 target size). The ANOVA results revealed that the time-to-detect was significantly affected by both of the illumination level and the size of critical detail. As illumination increased from 10 lux to 20 lux, the time-to-detect was significantly declined. For the size of critical detail, 0.5/min size (i.e., equal to 2 minutes of visual angle) resulted in a shorter time-to-detect, as compared to 0.7/min size (i.e., equal to 1.6 minutes of visual angle). Potential applications of this research include the development of design guidelines for illumination and warning signs in poorly illuminated viewing environments.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.356-359
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• 1997

The Effects of different melting temperature and holding time in the melting temperature on J$\sub$c/ of YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$\sub$x/ based superconducting bulk using MPMG process were investigated. the value of critical current density was the largest at l120$^{\circ}C$, the melting temperature which is appointed to the mid point of (Y$_2$BaCuO$\sub$5/ + Liquid)region. With the melting temperature in which the value of J$\sub$c/ is the largest, J$\sub$c/ was again measured to see whether the holding time at this proper melting temperature has the effect on the critical characteristics. From the result above it was concluded that the melting temperature and holding time were important to improve the J$\sub$c/ and the formation of the Y$_2$BaCuO$\sub$5/. In this paper, the melting temperature obtained was l120$^{\circ}C$ and propel holding time could be obtained as 20 minute and the more holding time was not effective in the J$\sub$c/ improvement as well as the formation of Y$_2$BaCuO$\sub$5/.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.595-602
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• 2018

건설공사의 공정 계획에 많이 사용되는 네트워크 방식의 공정표는 CPM방식과 PERT 방식으로 분류할 수 있다. 네트워크 공정표에서는 주공정선의 산정은 전진 계산과 후진 계산을 통하여 가장 합계기간이 크게 산출되는 경로를 선택하는 방식에 의하는 것이 일반적이다. CPM 기법에서는 각 액티비티의 소요기간이 고정된 값으로 제시되므로 이를 기반으로 하여 주공정선의 산정이 용이하다. 그러나 PERT 네트워크에서는 소요기간이 확률적으로 주어지므로 단순히 특정 경로 상 액티비티 기간의 합계만으로 주공정은 정하는 것은 불합리하며, 확률에 기반하여 산정된 예상기간에 의해 최가능 주공정으로 제시되어야만 PERT의 목적에 부합할 것이다. 이는 목표 기간에 따라 주공정선이 변화할 수 있으며, 경우에 따라서는 예상 기간이 더 작은 경로가 최가능 주공정이 될 수 있음을 의미한다. 이러한 개념에 의거하여 본 연구에서는 PERT 네트워크 공정표에서 경로별로 예상기간의 비교를 통해 확률적 의미를 가진 최가능 주공정을 도출하는 기법을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 진행한다. 체계적인 대안 경로 도출을 위해 작업 구획과 작업 공정이 교차하여 반복적으로 진행하는 방식의 네트워크 반복 작업 공정표를 대상으로 하여 대안 경로 도출 방식을 제시하였으며, 도출된 경로를 대상으로 예상 기간과 표준 편차를 산출하여 예상기간이 목표 기간을 초과할 확률을 기반으로 하여 최가능 주공정을 산출하는 기법을 제안하였다. 사례 연구를 통해 최가능 주공정은 고정된 경로가 아니며 목표 기간과 표준편차에 따라 변화할 수 있음을 예시한다. 본 연구에서 제시된 기법은 건설 공사와 같이 목표 공사기간이 변화하는 상황에서 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이며 기간 예측의 리스크를 명확화하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2011년도 전력전자학술대회
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• pp.481-482
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• 2011

New discrete time domain models for the peak current controlled (PCC) power LED drivers in continuous conduction mode include for the first time the effects of time delay in the pulse-width-modulator. Realistic amounts of time delay are found to have significant effects on the average output LED current and on the critical inductor value at the boundary between two conduction modes. Especially, the time delay can provide an accurate LED current for the PCC buck converter with a wide input voltage. The models can also predict the critical inductor values at the mode boundary as functions of the input voltage and the time delay.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.834-841
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• 2022

System thermal-hydraulic (STH) code is adopted for nuclear safety analysis. The critical flow model (CFM) is significant for the accuracy of STH simulation. To overcome the defects of current CFMs (low precision or long calculation time), a CFM based on a genetic neural network (GNN) has been developed in this work. To build a powerful model, besides the critical mass flux, the critical pressure and critical quality were also considered in this model, which was seldom considered before. Comparing with the traditional homogeneous equilibrium model (HEM) and the Moody model, the GNN model can predict the critical mass flux with a higher accuracy (approximately 80% of results are within the ±20% error limit); comparing with the Leung model and the Shannak model for critical pressure prediction, the GNN model achieved the best results (more than 80% prediction results within the ±20% error limit). For the critical quality, similar precision is achieved. The GNN-based CFM in this work is meaningful for the STH code CFM development.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2017

When the heat flux on the heating surface following changing heat condition in the boiling heat transfer system exceeds critical heat flux, the critical heat flux phenomenon is going over to immediately the film boiling area and then it is occurred the physical destruction phenomenon of various heat transfer systems. In order to maximize the safe operation and performance of the heat transfer system, it is essential to improve the CHF(Critical Heat Flux) of the system. Therefore, we have analysis the effect of improving CHF and characteristics of heat transfer following the nanoparticle coating thickness. As the results, copper nanocoating time are increased to CHF, and in case of nano-coatings are increased spray-deposited coating times more than in the fure water; copper nanopowder is increased up to 6.40%. The boiling heat transfer coefficients of the pure water are increased up to 5.79% respectively. Also, the contact angle is decreased and surface roughness is increased when nano-coating time is increasingly going up.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.109-120
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• 1993

Most systems are composed of components which have different failure chracteristics. Since the failure characteristics of components is different, it is rational and reasonable to establish a maintenance model to be considered repair and replacement policies which are proper to failure characteristics of these components. This paper proposes the age replacement time for a system composed of components which have different failure characteristics. In this model, it is assumed that a system is composed of a critical failure component, a major failure component, minor failure component. If any failure occurs to critical component before its age replacement time, the system should be replaced. If any failure does not occur until its age replacement time, preventive replacement should be performed at age replacement time T. Major component is minimal repaired if any failure occurs during operation. Minor component should be replaced as soon as failure is found. This paper determines the optimal replacement time of the system which minimize, total maintenance cost and initial stock Quantity of minor component within this optimal replacement time. Numerical example illustrates these results.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1836-1839
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• 2005

We have developed Ethernet based real-time communication systems called "Vnet/IP" for DCS which is the control system for process automation. This paper describes the features and the technologies of the ASIC which is utilized in the communication interface hardware for Vnet/IP. Vnet/IP has been developed for mission-critical communications. Hence it has real-time feature, high reliability and precise time synchronization capability. At the same time, it is able to deal with standard protocols without influence on mission-critical communications. The communication interface hardware has a host interface and dual redundant network interfaces. The host interface can be chosen PCI-bus or R-bus which is the proprietary internal bus developed for the high reliable redundant controller. Each network interface is a RJ45 connection with 1Gbps maximum in compliance with IEEE802.3.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2022

The C-ITS (Cooperative-intelligent Transport System) is a driver assistance system that prevents car accidents and enhances traffic conditions, via sharing traffic information between vehicles and roadway infrastructures. A CLAS (changing lane assistance system) for unprotected left-turn, is a C-ITS that assists a driver with safely changing lanes. This system addresses a driver's critical gap, that enables the system to express a driver's uncertainty. A driver's critical gap is a time that can be used in a threshold, to change a lane or not. Unfortunately, a driver's critical gap is difficult to use in a CLAS directly. This paper addresses a driver's critical gap, and how it can be applied in a CLAS for an unprotected left-turn.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국시스템다이내믹스학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.13-27
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• 2006

갈수록 증가하는 불확실한 경영환경에 대응하기 위한 방안으로 실시간기업 (Real-Time Enterprise)이라는 개념이 대두되고 있지만, 현재 이를 구체적으로 실행 하기 위한 연구들이 미흡한 상황이다 이에 본 논문에서 가트너가 제시한 RTE 정의를 바탕으로 RTE 활동 및 구체화 방안을 살펴봄으로써 RTE의 주요성공요인 (Critical Success Factors)을 도출하는 연구를 수행하였다 RTE CSF를 도출함에 있어서 시스템 사고(System Thinking)를 통해 생성 된 인과지도를 이용하였다.