• IE interfaces
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.104-115
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• 2009

The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Crew Resource Management (CRM) training program for operators in the Main Control Room (MCR) simulator of APR-1400 Nuclear Power Plant. The experiments were conducted for two different crews of operators performing six different emergency operating scenarios during four-week period. Each crew consisted of the five operators: senior reactor operator, safety technical advisor, reactor operator, turbine operator, and electric operator. All crews (Crew A and B) participated in the training program for the technical knowledge and skills which were required to operate the simulator of the MCR during the first week. To verify the effectiveness of the CRM training program; however, only Crew A was selected to attend the CRM training after the technical knowledge and skills training. The results of the experiments showed that the CRM training program improved the individual attitudes of Crew A significantly. Team skills of Crew A were found to be significantly better than those of Crew B. The CRM training did not have positive effects on enhancing the individual performance of Crew A; however, as compared to that of Crew B. Implication of these findings was discussed further in detail.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.178-184
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• 2009

The Nuclear Power Plant(NPP) industry in Korea has been making efforts to reduce the human errors which have largely contributed to about 150 nuclear reactor trips since 2001. Recently, the Crew Resource Management(CRM) training has risen as an alternative countermeasure against the nuclear reactor trips caused by human errors. The effectiveness of CRM training in NPP industry, however, has not been proven to be significant yet. In this study a return on investment(ROI) model is developed to measure the effectiveness of CRM training for the operators in Korean NPP. The model consists of mathematical expressions including multiple variables affecting the CRM training impacts and nuclear reactor trips. Implication of the model is discussed further in detail.

• Korean journal of aerospace and environmental medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.33-37
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• 2021

In the era of the 4th industrial revolution, the aviation industry is also growing remarkably with the development of artificial intelligence and networks, so it is necessary to study a new concept of crew resource management (CRM), which is required in the process of operating state-of-the-art equipment. The automation system, which has been treated only as a tool, is changing its role as a decision-making agent with the development of artificial intelligence, and it is necessary to set clear standards for the role and responsibility in the safety-critical field. We present a new perspective on the automation system in the CRM program through the understanding of the autonomous system. In the future, autonomous system will develop as an agent for human pilots to cooperate, and accordingly, changes in role division and reorganization of regulations are required.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-23
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• 2017

Organizational culture among flight crews has a profound impact on the individual attitude and behavior of member flight crews, and active training is conducted focusing on improving flight crews' Crew Resource Management(CRM) performance. However, adequate research and training on the relationships between flight crew's individual culture and CRM performance have not been conducted. Hence, this study examined the effect of individual cultural values on CRM performance and the moderation effect of psychological safety, with captains and first officers working for commercial airlines as participants. For the factors related to individual cultural value scale, power distance had no significant effect on CRM performance, uncertainty avoidance had a significant negative effect, and individualism had a significant positive effect. With regard to the moderation effect of psychological safety on the relationships between individual cultural values and CRM performance, a significant interaction was found between power distance and CRM performance, but not between uncertainty avoidance and CRM performance, or between individualism and CRM performance. Power distance and CRM performance exhibited a strong negative correlation in case of low psychological safety. Compared to existing research measuring the cultural characteristics of pilot groups on a national or organizational culture level, this study is uniquely valuable in that it also covers the relationship between individual cultural values of commercial airline flight crews and CRM performance.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.319-324
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• 2014

Line operation safety audit (LOSA) is the proactive data collection system to capture the accident and serious incident caused by flight crew and is the safety management program for collecting threat error management (TEM) and crew resource management (CRM) during normal operations. The typically LOSA is written by hand, manages and archives the LOSA Observation Worksheet. But, this method is not easy to archive and ensure confidentiality of the LOSA worksheets. As we implemented the K-LOSA of the web-document type instead of the existing LOSA archive method and change the TEM category code. we yields to archive the efficient data management and confidentiality. In this paper, we introduce the LOSA and to configure the K-LOSA program.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 2009

The nuclear power industry in the world has recognized the importance of integrating non-technical and team skills training with the technical training given to its control room operators to reduce human errors since the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl accidents. The Nuclear power plant (NPP) industry in Korea has been also making efforts to reduce the human errors which largely have contributed to 120 nuclear reactor trips from the year 2001 to 2006. The Crew Resource Management (CRM) training was one of the efforts to reduce the human errors in the nuclear power industry. The CRM was developed as a response to new insights into the causes of aircraft accidents which followed from the introduction of flight recorders and cockpit voice recorders into modern jet aircraft. The CRM first became widely used in the commercial airline industry, but military aviation, shipboard crews, medical and surgical teams, offshore oil crews, and other high-consequence, high-risk, time-critical industry teams soon followed. This study aims to develop a CRM training program that helps to improve plant performance by reducing the number of reactor trips caused by the operators' errors in Korean NPP. The program is; firstly, based on the work we conducted to develop a human factors training from the applications to the Nuclear Power Plant; secondly, based on a number of guidelines from the current practicable literature; thirdly, focused on team skills, such as leadership, situational awareness, teamwork, and communication, which have been widely known to be critical for improving the operational performance and reducing human errors in Korean NPPs; lastly, similar to the event-based training approach that many researchers have applied in other domains: aircraft, medical operations, railroads, and offshore oilrigs. We conducted an experiment to test effectiveness of the CRM training program in a condition of simulated control room also. We found that the program made the operators' attitudes and behaviors be improved positively from the experimental results. The more implications of the finding were discussed further in detail.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.724-732
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• 2023

Civil aircraft must have captain and first officer. In general, the captain fulfills his role and responsibility for preventing danger during aircraft operation, and the first officer is in charge of assisting the captain. Historicclay, as 70% to 80% of aircraft accidents have been caused by pilot human factors, crew resource management (CRM)has been introduced and operated worldwide. On the other hand, safety behavior is a human behavior to protect from danger using knowledge and skills, and the captain and the first officer who perform operations in the aircraft's cockpit are expected to have different levels of safety behavior according to differences in competence, responsibility, and experience. Preceding studies have shown that pilots' safety behavior is influenced by non-technical factors such as CRM Skills rather than technical ability, and this study was conducted to identify differences in CRM competencies between captain and first officer and to verify whether the differences are correlated with safety behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.50-59
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• 2014

It has been focused on that the major reasons of aircraft accidents resulted not from human error but from the failure of teamwork or communication in 1980's. Such opinions were suggested in the workshop, so called, "Resource Management on the Flight Deck" by NASA in 1979. The researchers agreed the fact the source of human error was originated from the failure in teamwork, communication or even in leadership of captain. Due to the rapid development of aircraft technologies, the reasons for aircraft accident could be easily found out. According to the analysis results of the technology, most of reasons for the accident might directly be connected not to human error or stick-Rudder skill but to situational awareness, communication, leadership or decision making in the aircraft. This paper has tried to research empirically the satisfaction of flight crews who have gone thorugh CRM training in the commercial airline. Based on the quantitative scale by J. Ford et al. (2014), this paper has proved which characteristics of CRM training has a positive impact on the overall satisfaction of CRM training. It was proven that the teamwork and decision making programs among CRM training have a major effect to the satisfaction level of flight crews.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.528-533
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• 2023

Airlines tried to introduce training programs in connection with practical work in order to provide more effective education and training. To this end, airlines have been conducting evidence-based training(EBT) to strengthen the practical capabilities of aviation personnel and enhance safety culture. Airlines can systematically evaluate the capabilities and practical capabilities of aviation personnel by analyzing operational data and case studies for effective EBT model development. In addition, EBT models can be constructed by applying technical methods such as crew resource management (CRM) and a holistic approach that includes human factors. Due to the introduction of EBT, airlines will establish diagnostic and feedback systems for pilots' practical work, provide personalized education, and establish an education and training system that verifies the effectiveness of education through educational outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.27-40
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• 2020

Flight safety in modern commercial aircraft depends on the ability of pilots to manage overall flight operations. ICAO has made it mandatory for airlines to adhere to Crew Resource Management(CRM) policies to reduce operational safety threats. CRM is a set of techniques designed to effectively manage the human resources, aircraft, and environmental factors in order to promote safety and enhance efficient air operations. When looking at the career backgrounds of new pilots joining the Republic of Korea's commercial airlines, discharged military fighter pilots represent the largest demographic. Fighter pilots are experienced in empowering leadership and directive leadership from their military training and culture. New commercial airline pilots with military fighter pilot training should effectively acquire the required civil aviation CRM skills. The present study has been carried out to determine how the leadership experience of this demographic affects the acquisition of CRM skills for commercial airlines, and it confirms that there is a positive correlation.