• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.127-138
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• 2004

Background: Crestal bone loss known as saucerization is a frequently observed phenomenon. Recent studies have shown that implants with micothreaded crest module reduced the force concentration in the crestal region thus resulting in no or reduced crestal bone loss. This study presents a clinical, histologic, and histometric evaluation of implants with microthreaded crest module and SLA surface. Methods: The implants were placed in the mandible of 5 beagle dogs weighing 10-15kg. Four premolars were bilaterally extracted 8 weeks prior to implant placement. Mucoperiosteal flap was elevated and drilling with increasing diameter was performed under saline irrigation. After countersinking 2 implants were placed in each side resulting in 4 implants per dog. Healing period of 8 weeks was allowed before sacrificing the animals. Histologic preparation was performed for histologic and histometric analysis. Bone to implant contact as well as percentage of bone area inside threads were measured. T-test was used for statistical analysis with pvalue p<0.05. Results: 1. Healing was uneventful without any cover screw exposure. New bone formation around the implants was observed without any inflammatory infiltration. 2. Bone to implant contact in the microthread and thread were 43.90 ${\pm}$ 20.30 %, and 53.19 ${\pm}$ 20.97 % respectively. The overall bone to implant contact was 48.54 ${\pm}$ 20.95 %. 3. Percentage of bone area inside threads were 54.43 ${\pm}$ 10.39 %, and 38.44 ${\pm}$ 16.44 % for the microthread and thread respectively. There was statistically significant difference(p<0.05). The overall percentage of bone area inside threads was 46.67 ${\pm}$ 15.68 %.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.55-74
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• 2006

The external contour of an implant can have significant effects on the load transfer characteristics and may result in different bone failure rates for different implant system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of crest module shape and occlusal load direction on bone failure modes of five commercially available dental implant systems. Five different implant systems with internal connection; ITI (Model 1), Astra (Model 2), Bicon (Model 3), Friadent (Model 4), and Paragon (Model 5), comparable in size, but different in thread profile and cest module shapes, were compared using the finite element method. Conclusively, in the internal connection system of the implant-abutment connection methods, the stress-induced pattern at the supporting bone according to the abutment connection form had differenence among them, and implants with narrowing crestal module cross-sections at the top of the cortical bone created more favorable load transfer characteristics in this region. But it is considered that the future study is necessary about how this difference in the magnitude of the stress have an effect on the practical clinic.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.23-60
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• 2016

The major objective of this study was to develop further understanding of 3D nearshore hydrodynamics under a variety of wave and tidal forcing conditions. The main tool used was a comprehensive 3D numerical model - combining the flow module of Delft3D with the WAVE solver of XBeach - of nearshore hydro- and morphodynamics that can simulate flow, sediment transport, and morphological evolution. Surf-swash zone hydrodynamics were modeled using the 3D Navier-Stokes equations, combined with various turbulence models (${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$, ${\kappa}-L$, ATM and H-LES). Sediment transport and resulting foreshore profile changes were approximated using different sediment transport relations that consider both bed- and suspended-load transport of non-cohesive sediments. The numerical set-up was tested against field data, with good agreement found. Different numerical experiments under a range of bed characteristics and incident wave and tidal conditions were run to test the model's capability to reproduce 3D flow, wave propagation, sediment transport and morphodynamics in the nearshore at the field scale. The results were interpreted according to existing understanding of surf and swash zone processes. Our numerical experiments confirm that the angle between the crest line of the approaching wave and the shoreline defines the direction and strength of the longshore current, while the longshore current velocity varies across the nearshore zone. The model simulates the undertow, hydraulic cell and rip-current patterns generated by radiation stresses and longshore variability in wave heights. Numerical results show that a non-uniform seabed is crucial for generation of rip currents in the nearshore (when bed slope is uniform, rips are not generated). Increasing the wave height increases the peaks of eddy viscosity and TKE (turbulent kinetic energy), while increasing the tidal amplitude reduces these peaks. Wave and tide interaction has most striking effects on the foreshore profile with the formation of the intertidal bar. High values of eddy viscosity, TKE and wave set-up are spread offshore for coarser grain sizes. Beach profile steepness modifies the nearshore circulation pattern, significantly enhancing the vertical component of the flow. The local recirculation within the longshore current in the inshore region causes a transient offshore shift and strengthening of the longshore current. Overall, the analysis shows that, with reasonable hypotheses, it is possible to simulate the nearshore hydrodynamics subjected to oceanic forcing, consistent with existing understanding of this area. Part II of this work presents 3D nearshore morphodynamics induced by the tides and waves.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.296-305
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• 2006

변화무쌍한 기상변화가 실험의 정확도에 미치는 영향을 최대한 줄일 수 있도록 강제환기식 온실에서 실험을 하였고, 또한 대체적으로 크지 않은 온실에서의 실험으로 인하여 CFD모델결과의 오차를 크게 줄일 수 있었다. CFD와 현장실험 결과를 비교하여 본 결과, 온실내 1m높이에서의 평균풍속이 각각 $0.42m{\cdot}s^{-1}$과 $0.39m{\cdot}s^{-1}$으로써 CFD의 지점별 오차 평균값은 7.7% 로 나타났다. Y8.5m 지점에서 가장 큰 오차가 발생하였는데, 최대 오차는 -53.8%로 나타났다. 이의 가장 큰 이유로는 온실 길이방향에서 중간지점인 Y8.5m에서 풍속이 매우 작았기 때문에 소숫점 2번째 자리의 차이라고 해도 큰 오차로 나타났다. 작물형상의 기하학적 복잡성이 매우 큰 것을 고려한다면 오차범위는 매우 양호한 것으로 판단된다. 온실내 1m높이에서 평균온도의 CFD 평균오차는 2.2%로 나타났고, 최대편차는 5.5%이었다. 온실내 바닥으로부터의 복사열 발생량의 차이로 인하여 온실내 동쪽 지역에 상대적으로 큰 오차가 발생하였다. 외기 상대습도가 44%일 때, CFD상대습도의 오차는 2.1%이었으며, 최대 오차는 -3.8%이었다. 식물군의 공기유동저항, 식물군의 수분 및 열평형 모델을 추가하여 보다 사실적인 CFD모델을 설계하였다. CFD 모델의 설계방법이 정립되었기 때문에, 추후에 온실내 다른 작물의 미기상 및 이의 온실내 기상에 미치는 영향 등을 정량적으로 분석할 수 있게 되었다. 또한 작물의 적정생육환경에 주요 대상이면서도 동시에 센서설치의 어려움 등으로 인하여 연구에 어려움이 많았던 작물군내 미기상을 연구할 수 있는 토대를 마련하였다.