• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.18
• /
• pp.8321-8325
• /
• 2016

Background: The incidence of hydatidiform mole (HM) differs among regions but has declined significantly over time. In Thailand, the initiation of universal health coverage in 2002 has resulted in a change of medical services countrywide. However, impacts of these policies on gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) cases in Thailand have not been reported. This study aimed to find the incidence of hydatidiform mole (HM) in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH) from 1994-2013, comparing before and after the implementation of the universal coverage health policy. Materials and Methods: All cases of GTD in KCMH from 1994-2013 were reviewed from medical records. The incidence of HM, patient characteristics, treatment and remission rates were compared over two study decades between 1994-2003 and 2004-2013. Results: Hydatidiform mole cases decreased from 204 cases in the first decade to 111 cases in the seond decade. Overall incidence of HM was 1.70 per 1,000 deliveries. The incidence of HM in the first and second decades were 1.70 and 1.71 per 1,000 deliveries, respectively (p=0.65, 95%CI 1.54-1.88). Referred cases of nonmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) increased from 12 (4.4%) to 23 (14.4%, p<0.01). Vaginal bleeding was the most common presenting symptom which decreased from 89.4% to 79.6% (p=0.02). Asymptomatic HM patients increased from 4.8% to 10.2% (p=0.07). Rate of postmolar GTN was 26%. Conclusions: The number of HM cases in this study decreased over 2 decades but incidence was unchanged. Referral rates of malignant cases were more common after universal health coverage policy initiation. Classic clinical presentation was decreased significantly in the last decade.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.513-531
• /
• 2001

Television news programs are becoming significant source of health information. This study aims at investigating the current state of health coverage of the prime time news program in Korea. Data were collected from KBS 9 0'clock news in the period of thirteen months. from December 1. 1998. to November 1. 1999. The data were analyzed using content analysis method. and the reliability degree was 99.7% according to the Holsti's inter-coder reliability test. The current research classified 489 health related news items into 49 sub-categories and five health categories through content analysis. Some of the basic results of this study are as follows. 1. The frequency according to health category, health maintenance promotion(57.3%) topped followed by disease prevention(23.2%), disease treatment(14.9%), life ethics(4.0%), and growth development(0.6%). 2. According to human developmental age. for the most part(80.1 %) is applicable to the entire range of human developmental age. 3. Health maintennance promotion category take top of health category by the rate of 57.3% and contain 20 sub-categories. 4. News items in the life ethics category, which had six sub-categories. occupied only four percent of the total health related news. News in the growth development category included two sub categories and occupied 0.6% of the total news items. 5. In disease prevention and disease treatment category, infectious disease(33.2%) showed the highest percentage according to the WHO's international disease classification system. Disease prevention occupied 23.2% and contained eleven sub-categories while disease treatment occupied 14.9% and included ten sub-categories. Television news coverage on health showed a wide variety of selection in terms that they are reporting various issues. This study, however, found that some news items were confusing and failing in presenting scientific evidences. It is suggested that the television coverage on health could be beneficial to most of viewers in receiving important health information and guidelines, only if they are utilizing their own sound discretion in consuming those news.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.51-64
• /
• 2018

Purposes : In February 2014, the government said that the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) will enforce plan for reducing the financial burden from two major non-covered services including physician surcharges and private room charges, the main causes to increase uninsured, by 2017. The purpose of this study is to analyze the policy effect that performed so far by comparing out-of-pocket payment rates of policy process Methodology: This study analyzed admission medical expenses that occurred from January 2013 to March 2016 at a upper grade general hospitals in Daejeon. Number of study subjects were 134,924 and the data were analyzed with SPSS 22.0 program by using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA. The effect of two major non-payment improvement plan on out-of-pocket rates was ascertained via generalized estimating equation. Findings: Out-of-pocket payment rates was statistically significantly declined 2.7 percent than enforcement ago. Also, out-of-pocket payment, physician surcharge, the proportion of out-of-pocket payment of hospital room charge to out-of-pocket payment was statistically significantly declined. However, a further analysis of the cause of the decline in total medical costs is needed. Practical Implications: Physician surcharges and private room charges improvement policy had a positive effect on the decline of out-of-pocket payment rate. The policy of physician surcharges was very effective after the first policy enforcement but it was less effective to medical aids and near poor that was a more greater coverage than national health insurance. Since the policy has not been finalized, we have to continue a research for the successful implementation of the policy.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2012

In railway tunnel environment, the reliability of a high-data-rate and real-time train-to-wayside communication should be maintained especially when high-speed train moves along the track. In China and Europe, the communication frequency around 900 MHz is widely used for railway applications. At this carrier frequency band, both of the solutions based on continuously laid leaky coaxial cable (LCX) and discretely installed base-station antennas (BSAs), are applied in tunnel radio coverage. Many available works have concentrated on the radio-wave propagation in tunnels by different kinds of prediction models. Most of them solve this problem as natural propagation in a relatively large hollow waveguide, by neglecting the transmitting/receiving (Tx/Rx) components. However, within such confined areas like railway tunnels especially loaded with train, the complex communication environment becomes an important factor that would affect the quality of the signal transmission. This paper will apply a full-wave numerical method to this case, for considering the BSA or LCX, train antennas and their interacted environments, such as the locomotive body, overhead line for power supply, locomotive pantograph, steel rails, ballastless track, tunnel walls, etc.. Involving finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and uni-axial anisotropic perfectly matched layer (UPML) technique, the entire wireless RF downlinks of BSA and LCX to tunnel space to train antenna are precisely modeled (so-called integrative modeling technique, IMT). When exciting the BSA and LCX separately, the field distributions of some cross-sections in a rectangular tunnel are presented. It can be found that the influence of the locomotive body and other tunnel environments is very significant. The field coverage on the locomotive roof plane where the train antennas mounted, seems more homogenous when the side-laying position of the BSA or LCX is much higher. Also, much smoother field coverage solution is achieved by choosing LCX for its characteristic of more homogenous electromagnetic wave radiation.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.96-102
• /
• 2012

The goal of mobile internet system is to provide a high-data-rate, low-latency and optimized packet radio access technology supporting flexible bandwidth deployments. Therefore, network architecture is designed with the goal to support packet-switched traffic with seamless mobility, quality of service and minimal latency. An important requirement for the mobile internet system is improved cell-edge BER performance and data throughput. This is to provide some level of service consistency in terms of geographical coverage as well as in terms of available data throughput within the communication coverage area. In a cellular system, however, the signal to interference plus noise power ratio gap between cell-center and cell-edge users can be of the order of 20 [dB]. The disparity can be even higher in a communication coverage limited cellular system. This leads to vastly lower data throughputs for the cell-edge users relative to cell-center users creating a large QoS gap. This paper proposes a analytical approach that tries to reduce inter-cell interference, and shows the SIR and BER performance according to the OFDM system parameters in mobile Internet environment.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 2006

Transient kinetics of $NH_3$ adsorption/desorption and of SCR(selective catalytic reduction) of NO with $NH_3$ were studied over vanadium based catalysts, such as $V_2O_5/TiO_2$ and $V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2$. In the present catalytic reaction process, NO adsorption is neglected while $NH_3$ is strongly chemisorbed on the catalytic surface. Accordingly, it is ruled out the possibility of a reaction between strongly adsorbed $NH_3$ and NO species in line with the hypothesis of an Eley-Rideal mechanism. The present kinetic model assumes; (1) non-activated $NH_3$ adsorption, (2) Temkin-type $NH_3$ coverage dependence of the desorption energy, (3) non-linear dependence of the SCR reaction rate on the $NH_3$ surface coverage. Thus, the surface heterogeneity for adsorption/desorption of $NH_3$ is taken into account in this model. The present study extends the pure chemical kinetic model based on a powdered-phase catalytic system to the chemico-physical one applicable to a realistic monolith reactor.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 1996

Fifty accessions in Zoysia species and forty-one hybrid lines were evaluated in order to detect analyze the genectic variation of Zoysiagrasses and to obtain the basic information for breeding. 1.Plant height ranged from 13 to 34.5cm, leaf length from 7 to 26cm, leaf width from 2 to 7mm, and first leaf height from 1.1 to 8.5cm 2. The correlations among plant height, leaf length and first-leaf height were high, but leaf Width was correlated only With leaf length. 3. Stolon length was varied from 10 to 108cm, number of stolons from 12 to 53, internode length from 2 to 6.1cm and coverage percentage from 10 to 90%. 4.There were correlation among stolen length, number of stolons, internode length and coverage percentage except between stolen and internode length. 5.M1J and MC2 showed the highest level in stolen length, number of stolons and coverage percentage. Therefore they will be the best breeding materials for the purpose of fast covering. 6.According to the analysis on October 26, 1995, yellow color-change rate of leaves ranged from 5 to 85%, red color-change from 0 to 75% and sum of yellow and red change from 20 to 95%. Speciallty M2M1 and FL-41 kept green color untill early December, indicating that they had the late dormancy. 7. Visual assessment of stolon length and number of stolons, showed similar tendency With actually measured data. 8. Shoot density was very high in M2M1 and S2, and showed negative correlation with leaf width. 9. It is known in Korea that the darker green color of lawngrass is, the better it looks. There were 11 lines with dark green color leaves such as J 85-10, Meyer in Z. japonira, one asacession in Z. matrella and M2M1, M2S8, JM2, 55C2 in hybrid lines.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2019

Backgrounds : The market of Complementary Alternative Medicine(CAM) in the United State(U.S.) accounts for a large proportion of the global CAM market and has a high growth rate. The recent introduction of Obama Care has brought the change in the health insurance system for CAM, and we need to analyze it for its implication to Korean system. Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the current status of acupuncture and chiropractic health insurance in the U.S., and to draw implications for expanding the health insurance coverage for Korean traditional medicine through the comparison between the U.S. and Korean health insurance systems. Methods : We examined the data through the literature search and from the websites of both U.S. government departments and related organizations for the health insurance policy. Based on the collected data, we analyzed its CAM health insurance system in Korea. Results : The acupuncture covered by public health insurance in the U.S. has a limit in the number of treatments and a range of applied diseases compared with Korea. In addition, the practice of acupuncture is not subdivided. However, the chiropractic in the U.S. which also has a limited number of coverage and only three categories of practices are similar to that of Korea. Conclusions : Although the use of CAM by public health insurance is not active in the U.S., but the organizations such as Veterans Health Administration in Vermont is already discussing the use of acupuncture to solve the problem of opioid overuse. Thus Korea also needs to discuss to promote the expansion of the insurance system for CAM.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.362-368
• /
• 2024

In this paper, we investigated the performance of directional and omnidirectional precoding schemes when transmitting to improve downlink performance in massive MIMO. Omnidirectional precoding was used to broadcast a common signal, such as a synchronization or control signal, to all users. The main purpose of omnidirectional precoding is to design the precoding matrix so that the signal transmitted in the downlink is the same in all directions and emitted with maximum energy. We propose a flexible omnidirectional precoding method for full-dimensional massive MIMO that can set the spatial coverage range to less than 120 degrees. The constraints of omnidirectionality of all antennas, equal transmit power, and maximum transmit rate are used to design the encoding matrix of the proposed method. The performance was evaluated in terms of spatial coverage by considering changing the spatial coverage of the antenna array by changing the distance between neighboring antennas in the antenna array.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.104-107
• /
• 2023

The Ministry of Health and Welfare of Korea has implemented various social security programs to ensure a basic standard of living and raise overall quality of life for all citizens. The Korean social security system provides social insurance, public assistance, and social welfare services. To achieve adequate drug benefits, the Drug Management Department of Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) implement drug management duties including drug listing, upper price limit setting, scope of benefits, and post-factum management. When a manufacturer or an importer wants to apply for National Health Insurance (NHI) coverage of the drug that has obtained safety and efficacy approval, the pharmaceutical benefit assessment committee of HIRA evaluates the drug's clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness to determine whether or not to include the drug into the benefit package. The benefit standards for a listed drug (ingredient) are set either for the whole permitted range or a part of range with conditions. To increase the coverage rate for new drugs, the listed drugs are regularly reviewed for their value. The status of listed drugs can be adjusted or eliminated from the benefit package if the clinical efficacy turns out to be insignificant. Therefore, through these pharmaceutical management procedures, high-quality drugs are provided at reasonable prices, which save healthcare expenditure by price determination and selective coverage in consideration of economic evaluation.