• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.166-171
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• 1999

Purpose : To get the data for public information and education of medical students about radiation therapy (RT). Materials and Methods : We evaluated the knowledge and attitudes towards the RT and cancer in the third grade medical students who did not receive a lecture before starting the poly-clinic education about radiation oncology in our medical school, We obtained a total of 142 answers from the students that completed the questionnaire. Results : More than half of the third grade medical students answered 1 question correctly and 5 questions incorrectly among 6 questions about knowledge of RT. Incorrect answers were done about the frequency of RT, hair loss, the period of RT, re-RT, cost of RT, Fifty-six percent of students didn't wish to prolong the survival time from 1 year to 3 years with long courses of chemotherapy and RT. They had bad images about cancer of colorectum, lung, esophagus, liver, breast, cervix which consist of 56.3$\%$ of patients receiving RT. Conclusions : Public information about the basic points of RT should be considered. Also the students showed the pessimism about the anticancer treatments such as chemotherapy and RT, so the exact results and positive aspects of anticancer treatment should be educated more. Especially it is needed to inform the students and the public the positive aspects of RT in some cancers (colorectal, lung, esophageal, hepatic, breast, cervix cancers) which the students had bad images about.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.862-870
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• 1996

Background : Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-Tb) has been increased not only in Asia but also in Western society, which may cause public health problems and reduce the efficacy of treatment of tuberculosis. In Western society HIV infection is believed to do a central role in increasing incidence of MDR tuberculosis, but MDR-Tb in Korea may be somewhat different about clinical features, underlying disorders, and prognosis. Goble et al reponed that overall treatment failure rate in MDR-Tb including resistance to isoniazid(INH) and rifampin (RFP) was 44 %. The aim of this study is to find the treatment result in Korea and the factors determining the prognosis. Methods: A retrospective study of pulmonary tuberculosis cultured M. tuberculosis from sputum or bronchial washing fluid between 1986 through 1992 was conducted in the Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University. We reviewed clinical courses of 141 patients, who had a tuberculosis with resistance to 2 or more drugs including isoniazid(INH) and rifampin(RFP). One hundred and 4 patients of 141 patients had completed treatment and followed up for more than one year. Results: Of 104 (mean age $43.6{\pm}16.7$, M: F=63 : 41) patients with sufficient follow-up data, 73(84.6%) patients responded which is defined as negative Sputum cultures for at least 3 consecutive months. Seven patients(6.7%) had a failure in negative conversion and 9(8.7%) of the patients who initially responded relapsed. Overall treatment failure rate was 15.4%, Patients who were treated for less than 12 months had a higher relapse rate(12.3%) than 18 months(4.9%). And there was a statistically significant correlation between the relapse rate and the number of drugs to which isolates wera resistant(p<0.05). Conclusion : The treatment failure rate of MDR-Tb in Korea was lower than previous studies in western Country and the major determining factor of prognosis was the number of resistant drugs to M. tuberculosis at drug sensitivity test. For reducing the relapse rate, we recommend more than 12 months of treatment for MDR tuberculosis.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.94-102
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• 2010

Objectives : Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing(EMDR) is a novel, time-limited psychotherapy originally developed for treatment of psychological trauma. The effectiveness of this therapy has been validated only for posttraumatic stress disorder ; however, EMDR is often applied to other psychiatric illnesses, including other anxiety disorders and depression. This pilot study tested the efficacy of EMDR added to the routine treatment for individuals with acute stage schizophrenia. Methods : This study was conducted in the acute psychiatric care unit of a university-affiliated training hospital. Inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either three sessions of EMDR, three sessions of progressive muscle relaxation(PMR) therapy, or only treatment as usual(TAU). All the participants received concurrent typical treatments(TAU), including psychotropic medication, individual supportive psychotherapy and group activities in the psychiatric ward. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale were administered by a clinical psychologist who was blinded to the patients' group assignment. Results : Forty-five patients enrolled and forty patients(89%) completed the post-treatment evaluation. There were no between-group differences in the withdrawal rates of patients during the treatment or at the three-month follow-up session. All three groups improved significantly across each of the symptomatic domains including schizophrenia, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. However, a repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant differences among the groups over time. Effect size for change in total PANSS scores was also similar across treatment conditions, but effect size for negative symptoms was large for EMDR(0.60 for EMDR, 0.39 for PMR and 0.21 for TAU only). Conclusion : These findings supported the use of EMDR in treating the acute stage of schizophrenia but the results failed to confirm the effectiveness of the treatment over the two control conditions in three sessions. Further studies with longer courses of treatment, more focused target dimensions of treatment, and a sample of outpatients are necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.459-468
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• 2017

This study examined the multicultural awareness, cultural sensitivity, and characteristics of multicultural experiences affecting the intercultural communication skills among Korean nursing students. The study participants were a total of 353 nursing students who had completed one or more clinical practice courses and were in 1 University and 2 Colleges. A self-assessment instrument was used. The descriptive statistics, t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and simple and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Statistically significant differences in the intercultural communication skill were observed in multicultural education, foreign friends, proficiency in English, stay in foreign countries, and length of stay in foreign countries. The intercultural communication skills was correlated with both multicultural awareness and cultural sensitivity. Multiple regression analysis showed that the multi-cultural awareness, multi-cultural education, and proficiency in English could explain 41.3% of the variances for the intercultural communication skill. Simple regression analysis also showed that the length of stay in foreign countries explained 2.5% of the intercultural communication skill among nursing students, who had stayed in foreign countries. Therefore, nursing educators should improve their multi-cultural awareness and develop various multi-cultural education programs, consider living abroad, and improve their language proficiency to strengthen nursing students' intercultural communication skill.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2002

The objective of tole study was to compare nutritional knowledge, attitudes and food practices of competitive athletes, recreational athletes and non-participants. All students enrolled at the University of Nebraska in an Introductory Nutrition course in which sports nutrition was stressed, were asked to participate in the study. The course was typical of many introductory nutrition courses ; about two thirds of the students were from the Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, and most of the students were encouraged to take this course by their advisers. The students were divided into three groups : 20 competitive athletes (mostly runners, swimmers, basketball players and football players for the University), 14 recreational athletes (who were involved in a planned exercise program at least 2 hours per week), and 19 non-participants. At the beginning of the semester, students completed a food frequency questionnaire, and a 24-hour food record based on the Food Guide Pyramid. A nutrition knowledge and attitude questionnaire was formulated specifically for this study, covering normal nutrition and sports nutrition. The results showed that consumption of foods from all Food Guide Pyramid food groups except the fats/oils/sweets group was not significantly different among the three student groups. Regarding the fats/oils/sweets group, competitive athletes consumed significantly more numbers of servings than recreational athletes, while the recreational athletes consumed significantly more than non-participants (p<0.01). The total mean scores from the nutrition attitude and knowledge questionnaire were not significantly different among the three student groups. However, combined athletes (competitive athletes and recreational athletes) obtained significantly higher scores on some of the nutrition attitude questions (p<0.05). The results of the study indicate that athletes, significantly lower scores on some of the nutrition knowledge questions (p<0.05). The results of the study indicate that athletes, whether competitive or some of the nutrition knowledge questions (p<0.05). The results of the study indicate that athletes, whether competitive or recreational, had a very positive attitude regarding the effects of nutrition on their sports performance and health: however, these athletes did not appear to apply scientific principles of sports nutrition to their diet. In conclusion, advising athletes to simply increase or decrease their intakes of certain foods is too simplistic an approach for maintenance of good health and for better sporting performance. Athletes and non-athletes need continuous nutrition education to help with improving their competitive edge and food choices.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.37
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• pp.509-546
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• 2009

Joseon was a Confucian dynasty. It was ruled by Kings of the Royal family that had secured the orthodoxy of clan rules under Confucian ideas. Royal family was the main prop of Confucian culture and Kings were leaders who leaded society and culture from the top. Therefore, Kings should complete more strict and intense education than noblemen. The Royal family and the government should have to establish prime educational environments and systems to foster successors qualified for the throne. This study focused on educational institutes and educational ceremonies. Study on educational institutes could clarify the purposes of educational institutes that were installed along the growth of throne successors and the educational courses that successors completed by each period. On the other hand, study on educational ceremonies could make it clear how were throne successors given with authority and did they internalize the duty of sense as the leader to lead next generation. In addition, by tracing the form with which politics and education had combined each other through ceremonies, it could be learned that the ceremonies of Joseon Dynasty had have a unique 'educational function'.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.122-134
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• 2019

This study aims to conceptualize characteristics of the Korean traditional dance, and to categorize and analyze the recognition of experience of passing down education of Seungmu(Buddhist Dance), Salpurichum(Exorcism Dance) and Taepyeongmu(Dance of Peace). Dividing into groups of two: an experienced person twenty years or more in the Korean dance and a person who completed the traditional dance three years or more, three groups were selected. We connected the characteristics of the traditional dance experienced in passing down education with the recognition experience in the training courses. Categorizing thematically the process and the recognition of experience in the passing down education program, we attempted mutual group discussion and inductive area analysis on the basis of in-depth interview, tutorial discussion and analysis contents. As a result of this study, first, the characteristics of the Korean traditional dance that graduates of the program by repertory empathize were the experience of the sinmyung(the excess of mirth) and improvisation, the supreme self-controlling beauty and the best beauty of expression. Second, the recognition of experience in the passing down education program runs as follows: Interacting in the centre of the process, new education system for transmission, and formation of social discourse for appreciation. Conclusionally, the experience and the new vision for transmission of passing down education of the traditional dance are required to be based on the appreciation of the rationality of mutual communication and recognition of experience.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the pre-service teacher's maker project learning on self -directed learning ability and creative personality. This study established an eight-week period of experimental treatment from March to April 2019, and the students who participated in the study formed a research group of 75 students in three of their advanced classes who are attending the second semester of B University of Education and taking courses in 'Teaching Research 1'. The experimental treatment of research groups was conducted by the process of producing creative outputs through training of manufacturers. The experimental group of the study group was a process of producing creative output through maker education. The theme was set up to create creative output by group, worked with the main tool, 3D pen, and utilized the recycling material. When the creative output is completed, it is announced by presenting the actual product in each group. The results of the study are as follows. First, project learning by pre-service teachers had an effect on self-directed learning ability. Second, project learning by pre-service teachers had an effect on creative personality. Third, pre-service teachers was interested in learning about the project and responded positively to the students' perception.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.51-64
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• 2019

Mt. Geumgang has been a scenic spot representing the Korean peninsula since the Joseon Dynasty, and became a symbol of inter-Korean exchanges with the Gaesong Industrial Complex after the division of the South and North. Mt. Geumgang Tour Course is divided into the Inner-Geumgang (Naegeumgang) and the Outer-Geumgang (Oegeumgang). It was common for the Mt. Geumgang tour route during the Joseon Dynasty and the Japanese Imperialization period to enter the Inner-Geumgang, near Seoul, and come to the East Sea through the Outer-Geumgang. However, the tour route starting from Goseong was utilized for the Mt. Geumgang tour course operated by Hyundai. Because North Korea opened only the Outer-Geumgang area. North Korea has only opened some of its tour courses to Hyundai, but if Geumgang tourism is resumed in the future, there is a high possibility that it will be opened further, such as opening some sections of the Inner-Geumgang in 2007. In this case, it is necessary to connect additional transportation networks to access Inner-Geumgang from South Korea. The best alternative was the restoration of the Mt. Geumgang Railway. However, considering the fact that the reconstruction of the Mt. Geumgang Railway can not be completed due to the construction of the Imnam Dam, it is the most realistic alternative to restore Route 31 connecting Yanggu and Geumgang-eup. As a result of the analysis of road connecting Inner-Geumgang, three routes were confirmed. All of which were adjacent to the existing National Route 31. These routes passing through Dutayeon and Mundeung-ri and joining the Route 31 from Inje. Considering road length, topography characteristics, and military facility layout, it seems that the connection of 'Dutaeyun - Mundeung - Geumgang' is a realistic alternative connecting from South Korea to Inner-Geumgang.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.62
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• pp.9-35
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• 2016

This study examined Songgye Na-sik's(松桂懶湜, 1684~1765) literary world based on Priest Songgye's Anthology(松桂大禪師文集). In consideration of the insufficiencies of the only previous study on Songgye's literature, this study was focused on his ideological character and its historicity, the trend of literary exchange in the Buddhist circle, and the literary geographical aspect of his literature. Priest Songgye was the head of the Bonghwa-sa Temple in Andong during the years under the rule of Kings Sukjong and Yeongjo, and learned from Hwanseong Ji-ahn(喚醒志安, 1664~1729) and Nakam Eui-nul(落巖義訥, 1666~1737). The priest did not have many students under him nor leave numerous writings. In the process of the development of the Buddhist doctrines in the late Joseon Dynasty, however, he completed the scripture learning courses faithfully and laid the ground of his philosophy. In addition, the afterword of Hwaeomgyeongchilcheogupumhoipummok (華嚴經七處九會品目跋) shows that he compiled the book under his teacher's instruction. What is more, he is known to have devoted himself to belief in the Pure Land in his late years. Given these backgrounds, the priest's life, writings, and ideological tendencies pursued all of Zen, Hwaeom, and the Pure Land together, and at the same time, reflected the characteristics of Korean Buddhism in the 18th century. The priest steadily cultivated himself in poetry and established his own literary world, and all the outcomes were fully reflected in his anthology. Priest Songgye walked the road of a learner throughout his lifetime but, on the other hand, he established his identity as a literary man in the specific time and space of Andong, Yeongnam in the late Joseon Dynasty.