• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the importance-performance analysis for country-of-origin labeling at restaurants. There is a growing concern over food safety as well as interest in the country-of-origin for food ingredients served at restaurants. In this study, the importance-performance analysis for the labeling of country-of-origin at restaurants, revealed that there were significant differences in all 12 attribute items, and the importance was scored higher than the performance in all items. Also, the importance-performance analysis for the attributes of the country-of-origin labeling showed that 'supportive government policies', 'system of controls for violation of the country-of-origin labeling', and 'penalty for violation of the country-of-origin labeling' are included in the second quadrant, which has a high level of importance but a low level of performance.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.143-157
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to review domestic and foreign origin labeling system in order to implement origin labeling system in the perspective of protecting the interests of consumers, and to suggest governmental improvements by analyzing problems embedded in current labeling system. The results analysis show complexity of related legal system, lack of expertise at the stage of labeling, and inefficiency of crackdown authority. The improvement could be suggested in two ways: supporting plans for the ones who have duty of labeling and improvement plans in origin management system. As supporting plans, we suggest the need for an automatic origin determination system, appropriate education on origin stakeholders, and introduction of origin certification system. For improvement plans, there are unification of country of origin labeling related laws, utilization of FTA product specific rules, and QR code, expert confirmation system. Since the origin labeling issue has become important, proactive and quick responses must follow with thorough examination the effect of the origin labeling on consumer welfare.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.99-124
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• 2017

Korea's country-of-Origin-Labeling(CoOL) system has been implemented since july 1, 1991. There is a variety of regulations and standards about the country-of-Origin-Labeling system in South Korea including the customs duty laws and foreign trade laws. For this reason, parties interested may find it difficult to operate the CoOL system, and furthermore, failing to understand those regulations and standards clearly. Therefore, we conducted a survey among parties interested and consumer to assess their level of understanding of the CoOL systems. The result of our study showed that they do not have a clear understanding of the CoOL systems. Due to a lack of sufficient understanding of the system possibly leading to violations of Country-of- Origin labeling(CoOL) regulations and standards, it is essential to consider an innovative and practical solution to resolving this issue.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.41
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• pp.267-292
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• 2009

It is a right time to improve the Korea Foreign Trade Act(KFTA) as a fundamental law on Rules of Origin(RoO) in the global trade circumstances which are summarized FTA and WTO. The KFTA's RoO constitutes the labelling system of the Country of Origin, the criterion of it, the issuing of certificate of origin and the punishing offender mainly around the importing goods. This study has focused on the problems of KFTA's RoO at the macro and practical level, and proposed the programs to improve the KFTA's RoO about importing, exporting and domestic production goods. KFTA need to create a purpose clause to protect consumers and industries also, and has to be located a general and top position in the RoO of Korea. In the concrete, the labelling system of the Country of Origin has to set limited in the point of minimum necessity view. The criterion of the Country of Origin also has to improve the wholly obtained criterion, the changing in tariff classification criterion, value added criterion and processing operation criterion to harmonize WTO Rules of Origin and FTA Rules of Origin. The punishment ceiling against offender has to raise to guarantee the effectiveness of RoO.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.477-493
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• 1997

The consumers' purchase experiences of some imported agricultural products (rice, sesame, garlic, onion, jujube, red pepper, oak mushroom, apple, dried persimmon) and their consciousness for the labelling of the country of origin for agricultural products in Youngnam region were examined in this study. The sample consisted of 438 women who lived in Taegu, Pusan and other cities of Kyungpook and Kyungnam, and the self-administered questionnaire for the survey was used. The main reasons to purchase the imported agricultural products were the wide distribution and low price of them. Most of the consumers were concerned about safety of the imported agricultural products but only a few people experienced unsatisfaction of the products. The price, quality, package, container, label, and safety of the examined products were evaluated worse than those of the domestic products. Generally, although they suffered unsatisfaction, the consumers did not complain because they wanted to avoid troublesome work, which means the consumers did not assert their rights. Some people did not know the labelling system for the country of origin and the place to charge the market violating it. Therefore, it will be necessary for the consumers to receive education about the labelling system for the country of origin and the compensation criteria for consumers' grievances and damages. The current labelling method for the country of origin generally met the consumers' preference but the consumers wanted to improve the position and color of the label. Most consumers could not differentiate the imported products from the domestic products. The results obtained from the survey suggest consumer education for the labelling system for the country of origin and the compensation criteria should be activated through various ways such as mass media and consumer organizations.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2024

This study was designed to find out consumers' behavior towards eco-friendly processed foods and to investigate the relationship between consumers' purchase intention of eco-friendly and organic processed foods, depending on the country of origin. Five hundred consumers were taken from all over the country for an empirical analysis. The results indicate that consumers' satisfaction with a certificate system of eco-friendly products is relatively high. In addition, it is found that consumers give more credit to the safety of domestic organic foods than imported organic foods. The study implies that consumers perceiving the importance of the country of origin are more likely to buy domestic organic foods. Furthermore, the importance of the country of origin and age have a positive relationship with the purchase intention of domestic organic foods.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.63-74
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• 2023

As "Made in Korea" has high branding power in the fashion industry, domestic clothing manufacturers also need to consider branding the country of origin. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to reconsider the need for a domestic certification system and suggest a direction by analyzing apparel origin certification systems operating overseas. The results of this study could be used for planning certification standards and operating methods suitable for regional characteristics and industrial environments when establishing a certification system for clothing produced in Korea. The case study subjects were Japan's J∞ Quality, USA's Made in New York, Italy's 100% Made in Italy, and France's Origin France Guarantee has been classified as certification criteria related to the country of origin include items related to the production process rate in the region and the production area for each production process/stream. Manufacturing technology and design are used for quality standards, safety, hygiene compliance, production facilities, and quality control and are applied to working environment standards. The certification system selects and operates standards according to each country's industrial environment, certification subject, and purpose. Therefore, when designing a domestic apparel certification system, a feasible promotion plan should be established that considers the current state of the domestic industry, which will serve as a driving force for the growth of the apparel manufacturing industry and an opportunity to increase the trust of global fashion consumers.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.47
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• pp.379-402
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• 2010

The Korea Foreign Trade Act(KFTA) was revised the penal provisions of the breach of the Country of Origin Labeling(COOL) recently. The ceiling of penalties became to 5 years for imprisonment, one hundred or three hundred million won for fine. The level of penalties are adjudged quite fair but the amount of penalty should be increased according to the profits from the breach or the nature of crime in some cases. The problems of the penalties are differences between KFTA and other related laws. There are related several laws on the breach of the COOL such as KFTA, Unfair Trade related Law, Customs Law, Consumer Protection Law, Law of COOL on Agricultural and Marine products etc. The penal provisions of the breach of the COOL has more heavier level than other the breach because of the criminal qualities. The problems are the penalty differences between the KFTA and the Unfair Trade Law under the Ministry of Knowledge Economy. The KFTA's penal provisions need to equate with Unfair Trade Law as long as same breaches on the COOL. The government can also consider some policies to rigid enforcement of breaches on the COOL. There are the Country of Origin Tracking system, the RoO Paparazzi System, Make public the names of habitual RoO Violators, Correction Order of breach of the COOL etc.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2018

Purpose: This study analyzed the perception and importance of country-of-origin labeling at restaurants in 500 college students in Jeju surveyed from April 15 to May 5, 2016 with the aim of providing basic data. A total of 465 questionnaires out of 500 were used as base data for this study. Methods: The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, ${\chi}^2-test$, and t-test using the SPSS Win program (version 21.0). Results: Regarding food safety-related dietary behaviors, average score was 3.65 points (out of 5), and 'put the food in a refrigerator or freezer immediately (4.07)' showed the highest score, whereas 'cool rapidly hot food prior to putting it in the refrigerator (3.08)' showed the lowest score. Regarding the awareness of country-of-origin labeling at restaurants, 67.5% of subjects were aware of it. With regard to dietary behavior of food safety, the high group showed a higher score than the low group (p < 0.001). Regarding reliability of the system, 4.9% of subjects indicated 'very reliable' and 45.4% 'somewhat reliable'. For perception of subject's country-of-origin labeling, the average score was 3.77 (out of 5). Regarding checking country-of-origin labeling at restaurants, 68.0% of subjects checked country-of-origin labeling, and the high group in the safety-related dietary behavior score ranking showed a higher rate (79.3%) than the low group (57.1%) (p < 0.001). With regard to importance by item, 'honest country-of-origin labeling of restaurants' showed the highest score at 4.27 (out of 5). Conclusion: It is necessary to provide continuing education for college students in order to enhance their perception of country-of-origin labeling at restaurants. Moreover, a systematic and appropriate support and control system by the government and local government needs to be developed in order to improve country-of-origin labeling at restaurants.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.70
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• pp.159-179
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• 2016

Companies do not be resolved by the FTA services of external aid should be operational by assigning dedicated personnel inside the company. FTA is a choice, not an essential trade agreement requirements. If the exporter contracts to provide a certificate of origin in trade agreements, it shall issue a certificate of origin of goods originating management is performed. When considering the future trend of spreading wide FTA, it should be extended to one year to take advantage of the FTA Certificate of Origin environments utilizing a comprehensive environment for regional countries that require proof of origin between certain countries, such as current. FTA utilization of the future is to utilize the GVC(Global Value Chain) efficiently. In other words, the expansion of the consumer market and take advantage of an efficient production base across borders. These environmental changes are needed development of the FTA utilization promotion and FTA experts. The experts studying how to procure raw materials or intermediate goods exports in a variety of regional foreign countries, to meet the rules of origin is required for a successful FTA utilization. One of the objectives of Origin managers are qualified experts in the country of origin can take advantage of the FTA plan. Therefore, managers of origin shall collect their ability to expand the understanding and information about the industry as an international business perspective beyond the Certificate of Origin. In addition, it should be in their best learning expertise for the introduction and development of country of origin control system in an effort to effectively perform its international FTA utilization. Once the FTA is more widespread in the future and build a common origin information it must not be disconnected until the export enterprises from terminal manufacturers systematically. Therefore origin management is preferred by expanding the knowledge base of teaching and learning in the common sense to the universal subject of specialization from professional schools to promote the relevant departments so that they can be opened in a college or university. An FTA hub linking East and West, also need the confidence that in order to become a center of Glabal Supply Chain Using an FTA Certificate of Origin and stable environment for importers to import products from the country offers. Certificate of Origin and all of them thoroughly exporters and companies related to the administration of origin and should create an atmosphere that can effectively respond to the origin verification. Korea shall endeavor to elicit a geopolitical value (FTA Hub), as well as securing a competitive advantage in the global industry leverage, trading at a reasonable price competitive products thereby enhancing production and economic growth through the FTA.