• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.40-50
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate how brand identity expressional elements in cosmetic road shops' facades would affect the brand awareness of consumers while extracting those brand identity expressional elements observed in the facades of the cosmetic road shops. In order to achieve the research goal, the study used Q methodology, a method to measure subjectivity. The results have been summarized as follows. (1) The elements to express the brand identity found in the facades of the cosmetic road shops were observed to be two-dimensional expressional elements, and they should include a symbol, a logo, a signboard, materials to express an image (products, models) and a brand color. As for the three-dimensional expressional elements, they were a building (form, materials, pattern), decorations (lean-to roof, canopy, sculptures, lighting, screen) and a display window (focusing on products, visuality or the inside of a shop). (2) The findings of the analyses on the brand awareness using Q methodology have been presented as follows. (1) When multiple identity expressional elements which would be associated with each other are used, the brand awareness gets increased relatively efficiently. (2) In case of men, they would perceive a brand more easily through those formative expressional elements such as a form of a building. (3) In case of women, they would perceive a brand more conveniently through those visual expressional elements such as a brand color. (3) In conclusion, the study figured out that, among the brand identity expressional elements, the one which would influence the brand awareness most would be (1) the brand color, followed by (2) the building-form, (3) the lean-to roof, (4) the display window and (5) the logo. Based upon what has been learned so far, the study confirmed that when it comes to securing the brand awareness in the market, cosmetic companies should, first, realize how important it is to make good use of the two-dimensional (visual) expressional element, the brand color, and the three-dimensional expressional element, the form of the building, together before they even try to design facades of their shops on the streets.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate consumers' knowledge and preference towards functional cosmetics. Through the beauty advisors' surveys, their own selling styles and consumer behaviors recognized by beauty advisors were analyzed. It was intended to help extend and strengthen the functional cosmetic market which has continued to grow rapidly since the approved goods under cosmetic law in 2001. For this study, the data was collected through questionnaires the professional consumer counselors confirmed from Korean women over the age. of twenty old living in the Seoul and Kyoungki areas. After pre-research was implemented on 45 women, 328 samples were analyzed as final samples. In addition,46 samples, which were collected through the questionnaires from beauty advisors were analyzed. Samples were analyzed by frequency, percentage, T-test, ANOVA using the SPSS program. The results of study were as follows: First consumers recognized whether functional cosmetics or not. According to the beauty advisor's surveys, consumers regard the functional cosmetic boundary as being wider than real functional cosmetic boundary according to cosmetic law. So, there is a gap between consumers' opinions and real law. Second, regarding the purchasing channels, the largest channel is the cosmetic store. As far as consumers are concerned the most important factor when buying cosmetics, is the suitability of their own skin types. The second factor is product quality and the third factor is price. Functional cosmetics non-experienced group are more concerned with price compared to experienced group. Related to purchasing products, functional cosmetics experienced group buy set products compared to non-experienced group buy one product. Third, the ultraviolet filter cosmetics portion is the largest in the functional cosmetics market the second largest portion is bleaching cosmetics and the third largest portion is the anti-senility cosmetics. However, Most preferred by consumers is the anti-senility cosmetics. Moreover, preference for ultraviolet filter cosmetics is the least. Finally, the level of satisfaction for functional cosmetics is high and dissatisfaction is low. Consumers feel that beauty advisors are simply pushing high priced products without recognizing the consumers' real needs. In conclusion, to develop the functional cosmetic market continually in the future, it needs to extend various products and advertise them until consumers are more aware.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2023

Purpose: This study compared the functional and cosmetic treatment outcomes of intramedullary nailing (IM nail) and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for distal tibia shaft fractures. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight patients with distal tibia shaft fractures (distal 1/3 of the diaphysis, AO/OTA [AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association]) 43 managed by an IM nail (n=30) or MIPO (n=18) who had minimum one-year follow-up were enrolled in this study. The radiological, functional, and cosmetic outcomes in the two groups were compared retrospectively. Results: All patients achieved bone union. The mean bone union time of the IM nail and MIPO groups was 18.5 and 22.6 weeks, respectively (p=0.078). One patient in the MIPO group showed posterior angulation and valgus deformity of more than five degrees. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) functional scores were similar: 83.3 in the IM nail group and 84.6 in the MIPO group (p=0.289). The most salient difference was the cosmetic result of the surgical scar. The length of the scars around the ankle in the IM nail group was significantly smaller than the MIPO group (2.6 cm vs. 10.6 cm; p=0.035). The patient satisfaction survey of surgical scars revealed a significantly higher satisfaction rate in the IM nail group than in the MIPO group (93% vs. 44%; p<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that both treatment methods for distal tibia shaft fractures have similar therapeutic efficacy regarding the radiological and functional outcomes. On the other hand, the IM nail technique showed superior cosmetic outcomes than the MIPO technique. IM nails may be more recommended in patients with high demand for cosmetic results.

• 복식
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• 제59권9호
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• pp.131-145
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• 2009

Literature in beauty art is insufficient regarding beauty spot, though it has played an important role in beauty art history. This study aims at analyzing various patterns and decorative functions of beauty spots and examining their remarkable differences by place and time. It attempts to find the symbolistic characteristics of beauty patch which influenced European countries socially and culturally in the 17th and 18th centuries, findings are as follows: first, beauty spots are extremely various by patch patterns and by forms, e.g. Wha-Jeon(花鈿), Bindi and artificial points. In the view of cosmetic purpose, they have been used to beautify appearances, reveal social positions and express the desires like blessing or protection from evil. In the times of Baroque and Rococo, though temporarily, people with beauty spots and their belonged societies used them as communicative tools: obviously, they functioned symbolistically. This study surveyed 156 persons to find what cosmetic messages and images beauty spots present in the contemporary world. Using SPSS 13.0, the study analyzed the responses and found that beauty spots are still functioning and welcomed to let women look more beautiful and more attractive, though their cosmetic messages and sizes have been simplified and scaled down.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2003

Introduction : The purpose is a retrospective evaluation of the clinical results of the radial forearm flap transfer for foot reconstruction. Materials and methods : We evaluated 21 cases with medical records including etiology, wound dimension, presence of infection, associated fracture, ischemic time of free flap, complication of donor and recipient site. The final results were evaluated with our clinical score (walking, shoe-in, cosmetic). Results : Defects were located on the heel (12 cases), dorsum of foot (4 cases) and sole (5 cases). Mean wound dimension was $7.56{\times}6.0cm$, and mean ischemic time of free flap was 94.5minute. There were superficial skin necrosis (1 case), recurrent ulceration (2 cases) in recipient site, and no complication in donor site but complaint about cosmetic problem (3 cases). The clinical score showed excellent in 14 cases, good in 4 cases, fair in 1 case and poor in 2 cases. Conclusion : We consider the radial forearm flap could provid the stable and durable restoration of normal foot contour without debulking in the foot reconstruction and achieved normal ambulation and cosmetic satisfaction.

• 복식
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• 제32권
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• pp.183-200
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to find out the mutual relations of self-efficacy proximity of cosmetic to self and proximity of clothing to self. The researcher used the scale of Sherer Mercadante Maddux Rrentice-Dunn Jacobs and Rogers(1982) for a general and social self-efficacy. The scale of Ryckman Roddins Thorton and Cantrell(1982) for a physical self-efficacy. The researcher corrected and supplemented the tools on the basis of Sontag(1987)'s scale for proximity of clothing to self. The researcher developed proximity of cos-metic to self. The subjects of this study were 172 girl students in the university. The research was analyzed by MANOVA Scheff post hoc test and Cronback a. The Results of this study were as follows: 1. The person who had a higher self-efficacy was higher in the hoy and skin-carve in the sub-causes of proximity of cosmetic to self. There was no difference in social-confidence self-satisfaction and disguise. 2. The person who had a higher self-efficacy was high in the self-expression and the physi-cal satisfaction in the sub-causes of proximity of clothing to self. There was no difference in the joy self-consciousness the consciousness of others and the novelity. 3. The person who had a higher proximity of cosmetic to self was higher in the joy, self-ex-pression and self-consciousness of others and the novelity. There was no difference in the physical satisfaction.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.262-267
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to research for anti-oxidation and anti-wrinkle effects of Acar mono Sap (AM). To cosmetic effect of AM, safety effect (MTT assay), anti-wrinkle effect (elastase, MMP-1 inhibition assay) and anti-oxidant effect (DPPH assay) were measured. When water extract of AM was used for cell viability, it was over 100% at 6% (6 ml/100 ml in phosphate buffer) concentration. AM showed 45.7% elastase inhibition and 23.7% MMP-1 inhibition at 50% (50 ml/100 ml in phosphate buffer) concentration so that it had good anti-wrinkle characteristic. And AM showed 68.9% antioxidation capacity at 50% concentration by using a DPPH assay. Consequently, AM can be used as natural materials or additives for human skin owing to their beneficial biologic functions, including the anti-wrinkle effect, for cosmetic compositions.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.96-99
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• 2008

Purpose: A meningoencephalocele is a congenital malformation involving herniation of the meninges and cerebral tissue through a defect in the skull. For the patient with frontoethmoidal meningoencephalocele with hypertelorism, the removal of the meningoencephalocele without correction of the combined hypertelorism is not enough for getting a good cosmetic appearance. Correction of the hypertelorism is needed for cosmetic problem. We experienced a case of simultaneous correction of frontoethmoidal meningoencephalocele with hypertelorism. Methods: The meningoencephalocele was removed and the hypertelorism was corrected by central segment technique. The bone defects were filled with autogenous bone dusts. And the nose was reconstructed by a calvarial bone graft. Results: The patient had a good cosmetic appearance without any neurological complications without serious complications. Conclusion: We experienced a case of simultaneous correction of frontoethmoidal meningoencephalocele with hypertelorism. And a brief review of related literatures is given.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.55-69
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• 2009

The Purpose of the current study is to investigate the differences in cosmetics attribute evaluation, purchase motivation, and brand re-purchase intention with respect to shopping orientations of Korean female university students. Questionnaires were distributed to 250 female students at Kyungpook National University and 220 completed questionnaires were analyzed. The results were as follows. First, shopping orientations and cosmetics attribute evaluation each generated four factor solutions, whereas cosmetics purchase motivations produced three factors. Second, three consumer groups - Efficiency Shopper Group, Indifference Shopper Group Ambivalence Shopper Group - with different shopping orientations were identified. Third, the study found significant differences in consumers' attribute evaluation such as function and price among the groups. The study also revealed a significant difference in contingent purchase motivations and brand re-purchase intention among the groups. From these results, we could identify that cosmetics re-purchase intention was significantly different among three different groups with different shopping orientations. Furthermore, consumer classification according to shopping orientations in cosmetics product purchase can be used by cosmetics marketers and managers to establish product plan and marketing strategy development. Additionally, the current study has originality and value that the relationship between shopping orientation and re-purchase intention has not been studied very much in the cosmetics product domain.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.274-284
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• 2019

Research on cosmetic behavior has developed significantly since the 2000s. Reviewing cosmetic behavior research can be meaningful because it can grasp trends in the domestic cosmetics market, and it can also illuminate how domestic consumers' interest in makeup has changed over time. The purpose of this study is to investigate the links between major keywords and the keywords which affect makeup behavior of different age groups through network analysis. In this study we analyzed thesis and journal data based on makeup behavior through network analysis using Nodexl. We analyzed 10 years of journals and theses - from 2000 to 2017, and investigated age-related differences in variables related to makeup behavior. Research subjects were divided into age-based groups: 10, 20-40, and over 50. The total number of theses collected was 82. In order to perform network analysis using the Nodexl program, we extracted the frequency of representative words using the KrKwic program. The extracted core words were analyzed for degree centrality, betweenness centrality and eigenvector centrality using Nodexl. The expected result is that the network analysis using keywords will lead to different variables depending on age and the main goal of the cosmetics market, and it is expected to be used as the basis for follow-up research related to cosmetic behavior.