• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.53-63
• /
• 2019

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the combination effects of Cinnamomi cortex Ethanol Extract (CcEE) and hyperthermia in the human AGS gastric cancer cell line. Methods : AGS cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of CcEE (0, 50 or $60{\mu}g/mL$) for 1h prior to hyperthermia. And then incubated for a further 30 min at the indicated temperatures (37, 42 or $43^{\circ}C$) in a humidified incubator containing 5% $CO_2$ or a thermostatically controlled water bath for hyperthermia. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay, Morphology assay and Trypan blue assay. To investigate the possible molecular signaling pathways, the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins (ERK, p38 and JNK) and expression of various anti-apoptotic proteins such as Caspase-3, Caspase-9, p53, Cyclin D1 and MMP-2 were assessed by Western blot analysis. In addition, Annexin V and 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD) staining was performed to examine the apoptotic mechanism. Results : Combination of CcEE with hyperthermia effectively suppressed the cell viability and changed cellmorphology compared with CcEE or hyperthermia treatment alone. Combined treatment also abated the expression of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Cyclin D1 and MMP-2. Whereas, the expression level of p53 was up-regulated by co-treatment. Moreover, combination treatment enhanced phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK. In addition, this combination increased anti-cancer effect by inducing cell death through the apoptosis. Conclusions : Taken together, all these findings suggest that the combination treatment with CcEE and hyperthermia may have therapeutic potential as a promising approach to patients with stomach cancer.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.265-272
• /
• 2000

낙지 Octopus minor의 상완 신경절을 광학현미경과 전자현미경을 통해 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 낙지의 상완신경절은 각각의 흡반 밑에서 둥근 형태로 관찰되었는데 그들의 크기는 흡반의 크기에 비례하였다. 둥근 형태의 상완신경절은 피질부와 수질부 두 부분으로 구분되었던 바, 피질부에서는 신경세포의 집단이, 수질부에는 신경망이 위치해 있었다. 신경세포의 집단에서는 3종류(소, 중, 대형)의 신경세포들이 관찰되었는데 소신경세포는 직경이 $0.9{\mu}m$정도인 둥근 형태의 작은 세포인데 비해 중신경세포는 직경 $1.6\times1.3{\mu}m$정도인 타원형세포였다. 대신경세포는 직경이 $2.8{\mu}m$정도 크기의 난원형의 큰 세포로 확인되었고 이들 3종류의 세포들은 모두 전자밀도가 낮아서 밝게 관찰되었으며 세포소기관의 발달은 미진하였다. 또한 중신경세포인 경우에는 $0.6\times0.4{\mu}m$정도 크기의 전자밀도가 중등도인 방추형 신경교세포에 의해 둘러싸여 있었다. 수질부의 신경망에서는 다양한 크기의 수상돌기와 축색돌기들이 복잡한 그물형태를 하고 있었다. 이들은 돌기내에서 4종류의 화학연접소포 (chemical synaptic vesicle)들을 소지하고 있었는데, 전자밀도가 매우 높고 직경이 100 nm 정도인 electron-dense synaptic vesicle과 전자밀도가 중등도이며 직경이 90nm 정도인 median electron-dense synaptic vesicle 그리고 중앙에 전자밀도가 높은 둥근 핵을 포함하는 직경 90nm정도의 electron-dense cored synaptic vesicle등이 관찰되었다. 그러나 전자밀도가 투명한 연접소포(electron-lucent synaptic vesicle)는 직경이 50nm정도로 가장 작은 형태를 하고 있었다.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.375-382
• /
• 2015

We discovered three soil ciliates of the class Colpodea-Colpoda henneguyi Fabre-Domergue, 1889; C. lucida Greeff, 1888; and Bursaria truncatella $M{\ddot{u}}ller$, 1773 from Obong-ri, Ayajin-ri and Elwang-ri (Korea), respectively. Colpoda henneguyi had the following features: often wider preorally than postorally, size in vivo $60-80{\mu}m{\times}50-70{\mu}m$; extrusomes indistinct in vivo, cylindroid approximately $1{\mu}m$ long; notches caused by deep diagonal groove; yellowish globules on the cortex of the cell; 10-12 postoral kineties; silverline system aspera-type. Colpoda lucida exhibited the following features: broadly reniform, size in vivo $70-90{\mu}m{\times}50-70{\mu}m$; conspicuous extrusomes, $3.5-5{\mu}m$ long in vivo, cylindroid to fusiform; 13-16 postoral kineties; silverline system cucullus-type. Bursaria truncatella had the following features: bursiform, size in vivo $300-470{\mu}m{\times}120-260{\mu}m$; macronucleus coiled with highly variable shapes, $600-1100{\mu}m{\times}30-40{\mu}m$ long in vivo; micronuclei 16-25 in number, approximately $4{\mu}m$ in diameter; extrusomes cylindroid, $3-4{\mu}m$ long in vivo. This is the first report of colpodean ciliates from Korea, and we describe these species based on observations of live and impregnated (protargol and silver nitrate impregnation) specimens.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2007

To evaluate the accuracy and extent in the localization of cerebral motor coutex activation using a gradient- echo echo planar imaging(GE-EPI) compared to spin-echo echo planar iimaging(SE-EPI) on 3T MR imaging. Functional MR imaging of cerebral motor cortex activation was examined in GE-EPI and SE-EPI in five healthy male volunteers. A right finger movement was accomplished with a paradigm of 6 task and rest, periods and the cross-correlation was used for a statistical mapping algorithm. We evaluated any sorts of differenced of the time seried and the signal intensity changes between the rest and task periods obtained with two technoques. The qualitative analysis was distributed with activation sites of large veins and small veins by using two techniques and was found that both the techniques were clinically uesful for delineating large veins and small veins in fMRL Signal intensity charge of the rest and activation periods provided simmilar activations in both methods(GE-EPI : 0.93$\pm$0.11, SE-EPI : 0.80$\pm$.015) but the signal intensity in GE-EPI(133.95$\pm$15.76) was larger than in SE-EPI(74.5$\pm$18.90). The average SNRs of EPI raw data were higher at SMA in SE-EPI(48.54$\pm$12.37) than GE-EPI(41.4$\pm$12.54) and at M1 in SE-EPI(43.24$\pm$11.77) than GE-EPI(38.27$\pm$6.53). The localization of activation voxels of the GE-EPI showed a larger vein but the SE-EPI generally showed small vein. Then the analysis results of the two techniques were used for a statistacal paired student t-test. SE-EPI was found clinically useful for localizing the cerebral moter cortex cativation on 3.0T, but showed a little different activation patterns comparad to GE-EPI. In conclusion, SE-EPI may be feasible and can detect true cortical activation from capillaries and GE-EPI can obtain the large veins in the motor cortex activation on 3T MR imaging.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.129-142
• /
• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Eucomiae Cortex herbal-acupuncture solution(EC-HAS) at Joksamni(ST36) on arthritis of mice induced by Collagen II. Methods : The author performed several experimental items. First, it is the cell survival rate of mice lung fibroblasts. Second, it is the incidence rate of arthritis and arthritis index of CIA. Third, it is the levels of IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $IL-{\beta}$, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II in serum and the level of IFN-y,$IFN-{\gamma}$/IL -4 ratio in CIA mouse spleen cell culture. Fourth, it is histological analysis of the mice joint. Fifth, it is expression ratio of $CD3e^+$ to $CD19^+$+ cell, $CD4^+$ to $CD8^+$ cell, $CD69^+/CD3e^+$/cells, $CD11a^+/CD19^+$/cells, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells and $CD4^+/CD25^+$ cells. Results & Conclusion : 1. In the EC-HA, the incidence of arthritis and arthritis index were significantly decreased. 2. In EC-HA, the levels of IL-6, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II in serum of CIA mice and the level of $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-4, $IFN-{\gamma}$/lL-4 ratio in CIA mouse spleen cell culture were significantly decreased. 3. In the histological study, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation were decreased in the EC-HA, and the collagen fiber expressions in the EC-HA were similar with that of the Normal group. 4. In the EC-HA, the expression ratio of $CD3e^+$ to $CD19^+$ cell and $CD4^+$ to $CD8^+$ cell were similarly maintained as Normal group in lymph nodes, and $CD69^+/CD3e^+$ cells and $CD11a^+/CD19^+$ cells were decreased in lymph nodes, and $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells and $CD4^+/CD25^+$ cells were decreased in synovium. These results suggest that EC-HA at ST36 has an effect to control synovial cell proliferation and cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis, and to be put to practical use in the future rheumatoid arthritis clinic.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제32권3호통권126호
• /
• pp.219-225
• /
• 2001

The water extracts of 82 Korean medicinal herbs were examined for the binding affinity on the recombinant human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype 1 $(mAChR-M_1)$ produced from the CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cell line. Of those tested, the extracts of Coptidis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex, Hedyotis Herba and of Terminariae Fructus were found to exhibit a significant competition with $[^3H]$ N-methyl-scopolamine for the specific binding to $mAChR-M_1$ in a dose dependent manner, respectively.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
• /
• 제12권2호통권17호
• /
• pp.63-73
• /
• 2006

In the original plant of Arisaematis Rhizomas, the features of external and internal shape of Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ and A. amurense $_{MAXIM}$. are as follows. 1. In the external shape of original plant, Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ has high stem, an oval-elliptic leaflet and a serrate leaf margin. But A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ has a relatively low stem, an upside oval leaflet and no serrate leaf margin. 2. On the herbs character of original plant, Ansaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ is small in height and diameter, but A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ is relatively large in height and diameter. 3. On the gathered herbs character of original plant, the section of Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ is brightly white, easily spilt and strong scent. But the section of A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ is thin yellowish brown, not easily spilt and weak scent. Also the grade of gathered herbs, both can be classified by diameter and external scent. 4. In the current herbs character, Korean and Sichuan Province products are irregullar shape and have no scent, Jilin Province products are regular shape. Also, Guangxi Province products are small size and concave in one side, Hebei Province products are irregular size and shape. 5. In internal shape of original plant, epidermal cell of Arisaema amurense var. serratum is very tight. With the except of micro difference in parenchyma cell of cortex, on the whole there are nearly no differences with A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$. Also, samely in the internal shape, according to collecting sites, epidermis exhibits a lot layer in curving state and secreting duct is developed and vascular bundle and exists between parenchyma cell of cortex. In the future, additional study is needed to distinguish herb and effect between same genus-degree of relatedness.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.45-49
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to clarify the efflux transport system of choline from brain to blood across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats using the brain efflux index (BEI) method. $[^3H]$Choline was micro-injected into parietal cortex area 2 (Par2) of the rat brain, and was eliminated from the brain with elimination halflife of 45 min. The BBB efflux clearance of $[^3H]$choline was about 124 mL/min/g brain, which was determined from combination of an elimination rate constant $(1.54X10^{-2}min^{-1})$ and the distribution volume in the brain (8.05 mL/g brain). The efflux of $[^3H]$choline was inhibited by unlabeled choline in a dose-dependent manner and was significantly inhibited by cationic substrates, such as hemicholinium-3 and tetraethylammonium (TEA). These results suggest that the BBB may act as an efflux pump for choline to reduce the excessive choline concentration in the brain interstitial fluid.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.430-436
• /
• 2014

무선통신망을 이용하여 도로 보안등에 대한 상태관리와 원격제어를 통제하는 시스템은 보안등제어기, 중계기, 관제서버 등의 3개의 기능으로 구성되며 보안등간의 통신망은 메쉬 형태를 지원하는 지그비 네트워크를 채택하고 중앙의 관제센타는 CDMA 방식의 무선통신망을 사용하였다. 이를 연동하기 위하여 지그비와 CDMA를 모두 수용하는 게이트웨이인 중계기는 저전력의 32-bit 마이크로콘트롤러인 Cortex M3로 설계 제작하였다. 관제서버와 중계기간의 전송방식을 단문메시지 방식과 소켓 방식을 모두 사용하여 원격제어 시스템을 구축함으로써 공중통신망의 이용료를 최소화하면서 보안등의 상태관리가 실시간으로 관리 가능함을 확인하였다. 실험에서는 95개의 보안등에 2개월간의 실시간을 통하여 확인하여 일일 9회 데이터를 취득하여 결과를 분석하였다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.192-198
• /
• 2021

The battery's State of Health (SOH) is a critical parameter in the process of battery use, as it represents the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of the battery. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely used technique in observing the state of the battery. The measured impedance at certain frequencies can be used to evaluate the state of the battery, as it is intimately tied to the underlying chemical reactions. In this work, a low-cost portable EIS instrument is developed on the basis of the ARM Cortex-M4 Microcontroller Unit (MCU) for measuring the impedance spectrum of Li-ion battery packs. The MCU uses a built-in DAC module to generate the sinusoidal sweep perturbation signal. Moreover, it performs the dual-channel acquisition of voltage and current signals, calculates impedance using a Digital Lock-in Amplifier (DLA), and transmits the result to a PC. By using LabVIEW, an interface was developed with the real-time display of the EIS information. The developed instrument was suitable for measuring the impedance spectrum of the battery pack up to 1000 V. The measurement frequency range of the instrument was from 1 hz to 1 Khz. Then, to prove the performance of the developed system, the impedance of a Samsung SM3 battery pack and a Bexel pouch module were measured and compared with those obtained by the commercial instrument.