• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.269-277
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• 2016

This study was aimed to study the effects of adolescents' outdoor sports and e-sports activities on their holistic health. In order for this, adolescent holistic health has been divided into three categories: physical health, mental health, and social health; and reviewed existing research on outdoor sports and e-sports. The research has found several variables for measuring the correlation between the two types of sports. The variables cover four areas: 1) General Information, determined by gender, age, preferred sport, and length of play; 2) Physical Health, as measured by six questions in the basic PAPS (Physical Activity Promotion System) survey; 3) Mental Health, as measured by stress index, self-efficacy, subjective health, and self-esteem; and 4) Social Health, as measured by variables relating to family, friends, school, and society. A total of 36 questions were devised, with 1-4 questions in each area. Primarily it examined the mental health social health. As a result, it was found that three factors have a difference such that the significance of self satisfaction. family relationships, friendships is 0.064, 0.012, 0.088 respectably.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify immunohistochemical evidence of lymph-node micrometastasis in histologic node-negative gastric cancer patients and to evaluate the prognostic significance of lymph-node micrometastasis.Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 50 gastric cancer patients who underwent curative resections from October 1990 to November 1994 was performed. Two consecutive sections were prepared: one for ordinary hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the other for immunohistochemical staining with Pan cytokeratin antibody (Novocastra, UK). In the univariate analysis, the survival rate was calculated using the Life Table Method, and the multivariate analysis was determined using a Cox Proportional HazardsModel. The statistical analyses of the relationships between the clinicopathologic factors and micrometastases were performed by using a Chi-square test. Results: Of 2522 harvested lymph nodes, 81 ($4.1\%$) nodes and 19 ($38\%$) of 50 patients were identified as having lymphnode micrometastases by using immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin. The incidence of lymph-node micrometastases was significantly higher in diffuse type carcinomas ($54\%$, P=0.024) and in patients with serosal invasion ($52.2\%$, P=0.05). For patients with lymph-node micrometastases (n=19), the 5-year survival rate was significantly decreased ($73.7\%$, P=0.015). The Lauren's classirication (P=0.021) and the depth of invasion (P=0.035) were shown by multivariate analysis to have a significant relationship with the presence of micrometastases. Multivariate analysis revealed that lymph-node micrometastasis was independently correlated with survival in histologic node-negative gastic cancer patients. Conclusion: The presence of cytokeratin detected lymphnode micrometastases correlates with the worse prognosis for patients with histologic node-negative gastric cancer.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.620-635
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• 1992

This study identified correlations between perceived family support and hopelessness in patients admitted to Neuro - surgical Intensive Care Units. The purpose was to enhance theoretical understanding of the relationships of these two variables. The subjects of this study were 51 patients admitted to N-lCU, at three general hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected by researcher in structured interviews from Aug. 12 to Oct. 13, 1992. The research tools were parts of the Moos Family Environment Scale and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The general characteristic data were analyzed for frequency and percentage ; the hypothesis was tested by the pearson product Moment Correlation Coefficient. After normality tests by using Kolmogorov - Sminorvtest, and T- test, ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal -Wallis test were used on the Family Support and the Hopelessness about general charcteristics. The results of the above analysis were as follows 1) The average family support score for the group was 63.61 (tool average 51) and item average was 3.74 (tool item average 3) : the family support score of this sample was higher than average. The average family cohesion score of family support was 35.25 (tool average 27) and item average was 3.91 (tool item average 3). The average family expression score of family support was 28.35 (tool average 24) and item average was 3.57 (tool average 3). In this sample, perceived family expression was lower than family cohesion. 2) The average hopelessness score was 45.88 (tool average 60) and item average was 2.29 (tool item average 3) : the hopelessness score of this sample was low in comparison to the average. 3) The hypothesis in this study was supported. The main hypothesis that the higher the perceived family support level, the lower the level Of the hopelessness, was Supported (r＝-.3869 p＝.003). The sub-hypothesis that the higher the perceived family cohesion level, the lower the level of hopelessness, was supported(r＝-.3688 p＝.004). The sub-hypothesis that the higher the perceived family expression level, the lower the level of hopelessness, was supported (r＝-.3068 p＝.014). 4) General characteristics of the objects related to family support were ‘economic status’(p＝.025) and ‘helping person’(P＝.044) : the higher the economic status, the greater the family support. When the patient identified the helping person as a spouse, family support was rated more highly. The only general characteristic related to family cohesion was ‘helping person’(p＝.041). No general characteristics were related to family expression. 5) The one general characteristic related to hopelessness was ‘education’(p＝.002) : the higher their education, the lower their hopelessness. For these ICU patients, were related perceived family support and hopelessness, and family expression level was low in comparison to family cohesion level. The perceived family support of these seriously ill patients in situational crisis may have influenced the patient's emotional reaction of hopelessness. This study concluded that nurses in the ICU confirm the family support of the patient, and involve the family as the most intimate support systems in the care of the patient to help reduce the patient's hopelessness.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.71-80
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• 2017

Landscape design pursues a balance among different values in our society, but aesthetic value and ecological value in landscapes must bring complex relationships into harmony. Ecological aesthetics can be defined as a domain of study that manages the relationship between landscape ecology and landscape aesthetics to create aesthetically attractive and ecologically beneficial landscapes. Despite the importance of the research area, there has been limited empirical research addressing ecological aesthetics. This article aspires to connect and expand the conceptual framework to the research methodologies of ecological aesthetics. First, this study suggests a conceptual framework that examines the relationship between landscape and perceptual process in the context of ecological aesthetics. This framework stresses the importance of information and design intervention as moderators in this relationship. From this framework, three key topics in ecological aesthetics arise: (1) correlation between ecological integrity and aesthetic preference, (2) "compromised" design and management intervention principles that enhance aesthetic pleasure and still have biodiversity, and (3) the impact of information intervention in aesthetic experience. The framework indicated three domains affect each other; thus, when one domain is studied, the other two need to be considered. Secondly, several theoretical and empirical studies on ecological aesthetics will be reviewed from a methodological point of view. This will help to consider ecological aesthetics research, which has primarily been limited to theoretical discourse in empirical research.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.349-357
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• 2020

This study is a descriptive study designed to identify the relationships among positive psychological capital, physical health status, depression, interpersonal relationship and learning flow. The subjects were 181 nursing students and the data collection was from May 8 to June 20, 2019. Data analysis methods were descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression, using the SPSS 22.0 program. Positive psychological capital showed statistical differences according to age, grade, motive for major choice, major satisfaction and subjective health status. Positive psychological capital was correlated with depression(r=-.454, p<.001), interpersonal relationship(r=.611, p<.001) and learning flow(r=.452, p<.001). The factors affecting learning flow were positive psychological capital(β=.414, p<.001), major satisfaction(β=.177, p=.014), and grade(β=-.150, p=.026), which explained 24.4% of the variance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and apply educational programs that can promote positive psychological capital in nursing students.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.147-151
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• 2016

Automatic exposure control (AEC) is frequently used in many hospitals for Standing Whole Spine examination which is able to control radiation dose with respect to the body type such as body mass index (BMI) and we can measure dose area product (DAP) based on respective patient information. However, few studies have been conducted organ absorbed dose evaluation based on location of patient organ. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between BMI and organ absorbed dose along with location of patient organ. For that purpose, we calculated absorbed dose with selected 5 patient organ (thyroid, breast, heart, kidney, and pancreas) using a PCXMC simulation tool with measured DAP. According to the results, measured DAP increases with BMI and organ absorbed dose decreases with BMI in anterior organs such as thyroid, breast, and heart. On the other hand, there is no correlation between organ absorbed dose and BMI in posterior organs such as kidney and pancreas. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the radiation effects are different with respect to BMI and location of patient organ in Standing Whole Spine examination.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.480-490
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• 2001

The soil-air exchange processes of Hg were investigated from the Hari area of Kang Hwa Island during the late March 2001. In the course of our study, we determined the concentration gradients of Hg and combined these gradient data with micrometeorological components to derive its fluxes. Results of our study indicate that the concentration levels of Hg in the study area are notably lower than those typically found in urbanized areas of Korea. However, the computed fluxes were seen to be significantly larger for relatively remote areas, reaching over 200 ng/m$^2$/hr. Comparison of environmental conditions shows that the concentrations of most pollutant species including NO$_X$ and PM were significantly higher during emission, while meteorological conditions were characterized by high temperature and low humidity. Results of correlation analysis also indicate that such pollutants as hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and PM generally exhibit strong positive correlations with Hg-related parameters during emission events, while such relationships were reversed during dry deposition events. The results of our present study suggest the possibility that the concentrations and fluxes of total gaseous Hg observed during deposition events can be influenced by the processes that are also important for the fine, rather than coarse, size fraction of particles.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.297-306
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among an achievement, a meaningful learning orientation and a reasoning ability. 149 third grade middle school students were tested. The achievement test was designed to measure students' interrelated understanding of genetics. A modified LPQ(Learning Process Questionnaires) was used to measure students' meaningful learning orientation. Students' reasoning ability were identified by the short version GALT(Group Assessment of Logical Thinking). Correlations between different variables were examined. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the predictive influence of meaningful learning orientation and reasoning ability on the achievement of students. And ANCOVA was used to identify the interaction of these variables on students' achievement. Students did not understand well enough the concepts of genetics. Meaningful learning orientation indicated a significant gender difference. Girls tend to do more meaningful learning than boys(p<.05). Many students(48.76%) were at the transitional cognitive level. Results of correlations indicated that students' attainment of meaningful understanding was significantly and positively related with a meaningful learning orientation and a reasoning ability. But there was no significant correlation between students' meaningful learning orientation and reasoning ability. Regression analyses indicated that learning orientation and reasoning ability were able to predict the achievement of students. They predicted better on solving genetics problem than understanding genetics problem. Results of ANCOVA showed that the test scores of genetics were significantly different according to not only learning orientation levels but also cognitive levels. But, there was no interaction between learning orientation and cognitive levels. Within the transitional and formal cognitive level, the meaningful learners performed significantly better than the rote learners on the test of genetics.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 2016

This study examined the factors that affect the relationship between radish liquid naturally fermented bread selection motive, consumer attitude and purchase intention. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed to the consumers, of which 279 were deemed suitable for analysis after the removal of 21 unusable responses. In order to perform statistical analyses required in the study, SPSS 18.0 statistical program was employed for frequency analysis, factor analysis, and reliability analysis, correlations, regression analysis. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that four factors regarding naturally fermented bread selection motive were extracted from all measurements with a KMO of 0.735 and a total cumulative variance of 65.759 %, with regard to consumer attitude, one factor was extracted with a total cumulative variance of 72.421% and a KMO score of 0.684. One factor for purchase intention was extracted that accounted for a total cumulative variance of 67.139% and a KMO score of 0.683. All factors were significant at 0.000 and the correlation between variables was significant. Thus, based on the results, the main research hypothesis that identifies the relationships selection motive between consumer attitudes and purchase intetion was adopted.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.243-253
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• 2015

This study examined the factors that affect the relationship between customer consumption propensity, customer bakery selction and customer behavioral intention. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed to the consumers, of which 27 were deemed suitable for analysis after the removal of 28 unusable responses. In order to perform statistical analyses required in the study, SPSS 18.0 Statistical Program was employed for frequency analysis, factor analysis, and reliability analysis. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that three factors regarding customer consumption propensity were extracted from all measurements with a KMO of 0.778 and a total cumulative variance of 62.121%. With regard to bakery selection attributes, three factors were extracted with a total cumulative variance of 65.69% and a KMO score of 0.776. One factor for behavioral intention was extracted that accounted for a total cumulative variance of 69.82% and a KMO score of 0.803. All factors were significant to 0.000 and the correlation between variables was significant. Thus, based on the results, the main research hypothesis that identifies the relationships between bakery selection attributes and behavioral intention was partially adopted.