• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.610-614
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study was to present the outcome of the microsurgical foraminotomy via Wiltse paraspinal approach for foraminal or extraforaminal (FEF) stenosis at L5-S1 level. We investigated risk factors associated with poor outcome of microsurgical foraminotomy at L5-S1 level. Methods : We analyzed 21 patients who underwent the microsurgical foraminotomy for FEF stenosis at L5-S1 level. To investigate risk factors associated with poor outcome, patients were classified into two groups (success and failure in foraminotomy). Clinical outcomes were assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of back and leg pain and Oswestry disability index (ODI). Radiographic parameters including existence of spondylolisthesis, existence and degree of coronal wedging, disc height, foramen height, segmental lordotic angle (SLA) on neutral and dynamic view, segmental range of motion, and global lumbar lordotic angle were investigated. Results : Postoperative VAS score and ODI improved after foraminotomy. However, there were 7 patients (33%) who had persistent or recurrent leg pain. SLA on neutral and extension radiographic films were significantly associated with the failure in foraminotomy (p<0.05). Receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis revealed the optimal cut-off values of SLA on neutral and extension radiographic films for predicting failure in foraminotomy were $17.3^{\circ}$ and $24^{\circ}s$, respectively. Conclusion : Microsurgical foraminotomy for FEF stenosis at L5-S1 level can provide good clinical outcomes in selected patients. Poor outcomes were associated with large SLA on preoperative neutral (>$17.3^{\circ}$) and extension radiographic films (>$24^{\circ}$).

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2011

Purpose: It is difficult to objectively evaluate the outcomes of plastic surgical procedures. The combination of aesthetic and medical factors makes outcome quantification difficult. In this study, fracture reduction accuracy was objectively evaluated in patients with zygomatic complex fractures. Patients satisfaction with the accuracy was also examined. In addition, the patients' overall satisfaction and discomfort due to complications were analyzed. Methods: Eighty-five patients who had surgeries via bicoronal incision for zygomatic complex fracture from March 2006 to December 2009 were included in this study. Two plastic surgeons evaluated the accuracy of the fracture reduction with postoperative computed tomography. A survey questionnaire was administered to evaluate the patients' overall satisfaction and the impact of symptoms associated with the procedure on the patients' daily lives. Results: The overall patient satisfaction rate was $82.1{\pm}10.9%$ (range, 45~100%). The level of deformation was $6.7{\pm}10.9%$, the levels of discomfort in daily life due to pain, paresthesia, scar, and facial palsy were $8.5{\pm}13.2%$, $5.8{\pm}8.9%$, $4.4{\pm}9.9%$, and $1.9{\pm}9.2%$, respectively. According to the visual analogue scale, paresthesia was found to be the most frequent symptom (43.5%), and pain was the most troublesome symptom. Conclusion: The use of bicoronal incision for treating zygomatic complex fractures can cause various complications due to wide incision and dissection. However, this technique can provide optimized reduction and rigid fixation. Most of these postoperative complications can cause significant discomfort in the patient. It is thought that the use of correct surgical technique and the accurate knowledge of craniofacial anatomy will result in a reduction of complications and significantly increase patient satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.64-74
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• 2024

This case report presents the long-term radiographic outcomes of a novel approach for simultaneous lateral augmentation and implant surgery. A 60-year-old male patient who required tooth extraction of the maxillary central and lateral incisors due to trauma visited the clinic. After tooth extraction, severe horizontal and vertical deficiencies occurred owing to atrophy of the alveolar ridge, and a simultaneous guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure was planned along with the installation of two implants. In the present case, a modification of the conventional 'sandwich technique' was used by placing the mixture of autogenous bone chips and xenografts at the outermost layer to maximize the osteogenic potential at the coronal part of augmentation while applying solely xenografts at the inner layer. To enhance volumetric stability, an autogenous block of periosteum harvested from the maxillary tuberosity was incorporated between the two layers. Cone-beam computed tomography was performed at baseline and 3 years after the surgery to compare radiographic outcomes. Dehiscence after fixture installation was successfully observed at the re-entry of the surgery site. Three years after the surgery, average horizontal bone gains of 6.11 mm and 4.12 mm were observed in the maxillary central and lateral incisor areas, respectively. Healthy peri-implant mucosa and well maintained marginal bone levels were observed 8 years after the surgery, meeting the criteria for implant success. The findings of this case suggest that a substantial amount of horizontal bone gain can be obtained with a layered approach using autogenous bone materials and xenografts, highlighting the advantages of incorporating autogenous blocks into the simultaneous GBR procedure.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.163-175
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• 2008

Twelve Japanese students living in South Korea have been examined for their perceptual identification of an initial consonant in Korean syllables with or without a white noise. A confusion matrix was then subject to analyses of additive clustering, individual difference scaling, and probability of information transmission, the results of which were also compared to those of South Koreans. The Japanese in the present experiment confused /다/and/타/ most frequently, followed by /가/ and /카/, /자, 차, 짜/, /타/ and /따/, and so on. The results of additive clustering analysis of the Japanese significantly differed from those of the South Koreans. Individual difference scaling revealed dimensions of sonorant, aspiration and coronal. While South Koreans showed binary values on aspiration and tenseness dimensions, the Japanese did continuous values on such dimensions. An information transmission probability analysis revealed that the Japanese participants could not perceive very well such larynx features as tenseness and aspiration compared to the South Korean participants. The former group, however, perceived very well place of articulation features such as labial and coronal. The present results suggest that an approach dealing with structures of base representations is important in understanding the phonological categories of languages.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.151-156
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• 1999

Self-injurious behavior is defined as deliberate harm to one's own body without suicidal intent. It usually occurs as head banging or hitting, skin cutting, or finger biting and includes ocular, genital and oral self-mutilation. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a rare X-linked recessively inherited disorder, caused by complete absence of hypoxanthin-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase(HPRT) activity. Clinical presentation is characterized by mental retardation, chorea, athetosis, hyperuricemia, uricosuria and self-mutilating behavior. In these patients, the most typical feature is loss of tissue from biting themselves, even though they are not insensitive to pain. The dental management of self-mutilation includes treatment with appliances such as soft mouthguard or lip bumper, extraction of all the teeth, and orthognathic surgery. We report a 25-month-old boy who was a known case of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and presented with severe self-mutilation wound on his lower lip. Vital pulpectomy and coronal resection was done as a more conservative approach than extracting all primary anterior teeth. Due to maintaining the root portion of the teeth in the bone, it is expected that the normal growth of the alveolar bone will be achieved.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.345-348
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• 2008

Purpose: Fracture of the frontal sinus accounts for 5-15% of all facial fractures. Only anterior table fracture occupies one third of the frontal sinus fracture. Conventional coronal approach is the standard treatment, but this method is very aggressive, especially in patient with simple, depressed, anterior frontal sinus wall fracture. We introduce new, simple technique for these patients, using small incision and Dual-top screws. Methods: A 27-year-old male patient was introduced to our department under the impression of fracture of frontal sinus, involving only anterior table. Under general anesthesia, 1.5 cm-sized, small incision was made on the suprabrow area. We reduced fractured fragment with two dual-top screws and 25G wires. Fixation was not necessary Results: The operation took about forty minutes, and the patient discharged 2 days after the operation. Postoperative 2 months follow up CT shows maintenance of reduction site. Gross depression of the forehead and visible scar was not observed. Conclusion: Although the indication of this procedure is limited, less aggressive, simple and very effective to the patient with simple. depressed, anterior frontal sinus fracture.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.326-333
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• 2018

Purpose: The present study investigated the outcomes of a newly-developed, simple, and practical nonsurgical treatment modality suitable for most forms of intrabony defects around failing dental implants using intrasulcular delivery of chlorhexidine solution and minocycline hydrochloride (HCl). Methods: Forty-five dental implants in 20 patients diagnosed with peri-implantitis were included. At baseline and the study endpoint, the probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and the presence of bleeding on probing (BOP) at 6 sites around each implant were recorded. The radiographic osseous defect morphology at the mesial or distal proximal aspect of each implant was classified as 1) narrow or wide and 2) shallow or deep. For a comparative analysis of bone changes according to the defect morphology, the distance from the implant shoulder to the most coronal bone-to-implant contact point (DIB) at the mesial and distal aspects of each implant was measured at baseline and the endpoint. Patients were scheduled to visit the clinic every 2-4 weeks for intrasulcular irrigation of chlorhexidine and delivery of minocycline HCl. Results: We observed statistically significant decreases in PPD, CAL, and BOP after treatment. At the endpoint, bone levels increased in all defects, regardless of the osseous morphology of the intrabony defect. The mean DIB change in deep defects was significantly greater than that in shallow defects. Although the mean bone gain in narrow defects was greater than in wide defects, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: We propose that significant and sustainable improvements in both clinical and radiographic parameters can be expected when intrabony defects around dental implants are managed through a simple nonsurgical approach involving combined intrasulcular chlorhexidine irrigation and local delivery of minocycline HCl.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.88-94
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• 1991

Maxillofacial deformities are not considered to be a trouble in social life but function. So many maxillofacial plastc surgeons has made efforts to overcome these troubles and bring out more positive life. The proper proportion and shape decide esthetic quality. Lower third of face was consist with lip, cheek, mandibular lower border and mandibular angle. Widening lower third of face give a impression with muscular and recklessness. And lower and wide mandibular angle makes face square shape. Unilateral involvement cause asymmestric face. These face is considered unfavorable, especially in Korea or Japan. We prevent a number of with mandibular angle Bulging which was corrected with mandibular osteotomy or masseter myotomy.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 1996

The midfacial deficiency is usually accompanied with congenital craniofacial synostosis, such as Crouzon, Apert, Pfeiffer, Carpenter, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, and so on. But sometimes isolated midfacial deficiency without cranial malformations may appeared, the cause of which is congenital, hereditary, or secondary to developmental factors, such as infection and trauma to middle face. Since Sir Harold Gillies reposted the first high maxillary osteotomy that alleviated the problems of total midfacial deficiency, the various operative methods were developed by many clinicians, such as Longacre and Tessier. These procedures can enlarge the orbital volume and decreases exorbitism. As middle face was moved forward, these functional, esthetic, and psychologic advantages were resulted from this. This is a case of midfacial deficiency corrected by the subcranial Le Fort Ⅲ osteotomy through only coronal approach.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 2016

The space radiation dose over air routes including polar routes should be carefully considered, especially when space weather shows sudden disturbances such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs), flares, and accompanying solar energetic particle events. We recently established a heliocentric potential (HCP) prediction model for real-time operation of the CARI-6 and CARI-6M programs. Specifically, the HCP value is used as a critical input value in the CARI-6/6M programs, which estimate the aviation route dose based on the effective dose rate. The CARI-6/6M approach is the most widely used technique, and the programs can be obtained from the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). However, HCP values are given at a one month delay on the FAA official webpage, which makes it difficult to obtain real-time information on the aviation route dose. In order to overcome this critical limitation regarding the time delay for space weather customers, we developed a HCP prediction model based on sunspot number variations (Hwang et al. 2015). In this paper, we focus on improvements to our HCP prediction model and update it with neutron monitoring data. We found that the most accurate method to derive the HCP value involves (1) real-time daily sunspot assessments, (2) predictions of the daily HCP by our prediction algorithm, and (3) calculations of the resultant daily effective dose rate. Additionally, we also derived the HCP prediction algorithm in this paper by using ground neutron counts. With the compensation stemming from the use of ground neutron count data, the newly developed HCP prediction model was improved.