• PNF and Movement
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to examined the effects of upper and lower limb coordinated exercise of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on static and dynamic balance ability. Methods: The subjects of this study were 18 patients who had been diagnosed with a stroke and hospitalized and who had received rehabilitation treatment at D rehabilitation hospital located in J city. They were randomly and equally assigned to a PNF upper and lower limb coordinated exercise group and an ordinary central nervous system development and treatment group, and they conducted exercises for eight weeks. They carried out exercise three times per week, for 30 minutes per each time. After each four minutes of exercise, each participant was given a and rest for one minute after exercise for four minutes was given. In order to test the subjects' static and dynamic balance ability and their dynamic balance ability, frailty and injuries,: a cooperative studyies of intervention techniques (FICSIT-4) test, a four- step square test (FSST), a timed up and go test (TUG), and a TWT3M tests wasere conducted before and after the exercise. Descriptive statistics were taken for the general characteristics of the subjects, and an independent t-test was conducted both before and after the exercise in order to examine differences between the two groups before and after the exercise were conducted. The A statistical significance level was set at p= 0.05. Results: In all the tests (of FICSIT-4, FSST, TUG, and TWT3M), both the experimental group and the control group saw more improved results, but the experimental group's results were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the size of the effects was larger in the experimental group than in the control group, with statistically significant results. Conclusion: PNF upper and lower limb coordinated exercise applied to chronic stroke patients produced brought significant results in static and dynamic balance ability. PNF and is considered as an important intervention program to improve stroke patients' balance ability.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.725-732
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• 2018

The vaccination for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an effective way to control FMD. However, the injection of FMD vaccine causes abnormalities in pork meat by the incidence of lesions at the injection site. This study was conducted to investigate the inhibition effects of dietary bromelain, a natural protease derived from pineapple stems, on the incidence of lesions at the vaccination site on pigs. A total of 335 pigs (LYD [Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc]; 7-week-old) were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: control (basic diet) and bromelain treatment (diet supplemented with bromelain 1 kg/ton). The injection of FMD vaccine was conducted on 56- and 84-day-old pigs. Pigs with the bromelain treatment were fed a diet supplemented with bromelain for 14 days from 5 days before the vaccine injection. After slaughtering the pigs, the number of carcasses that had abnormal meat at the injection site of the vaccine and the amount of abnormal meat, discarded meat, and trimmings were recorded. Pork from the bromelain treated pigs had a lower incidence of abnormal meat caused by vaccine injection as well as a lower amount of abnormal meat, discarded meat, and trimmings than those of the control (p < 0.05). Our result suggests that dietary bromelain could improve the quality of pork meat by inhibiting incidence of lesions at the vaccine injection site.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1155-1159
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• 2018

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious disease affecting pigs. The control of FMD in swine husbandry is very important because its outbreak results in a vast economic loss. FMD vaccination has effectively controlled FMD; however, it results in economic loss associated with the incidence of lesions in the pork meat at the injection site. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of transdermal needle-free injection (NFI) of the FMD vaccine on the incidence of lesions at the injection site. Pigs (n=493) in the control group were vaccinated with the FMD vaccine using a commercial syringe needle, while 492 pigs in the transdermal NFI group received the FMD vaccine using a needle-free gas-powered jet injector. After the slaughter of the pigs, the incidence of lesions at the injection site of all pigs was checked by plant workers. The result of this study showed that the incidence of lesions in the pork ham from pigs vaccinated with NFI was 14.82% lower than that in control pigs (p<0.01). In addition, lesions generated in the NFI group were found just in the subcutaneous tissue. Therefore, the incidence of lesions at the injection site in pork from pigs vaccinated with the FMD vaccine can be effectively reduced by using transdermal NFI rather than a conventional syringe needle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.366-374
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of feeding ethanol on growth performances, carcass characteristics, and lipid metabolism of finishing Korean cattle (Hanwoo) steers. Methods: Thirty (30) Hanwoo steers (average 25.1 months of age, body weight 660.1 kg) were assigned to three treatments: control (0% ethanol), E-3 (1.44% ethanol for 3 months), or E-5 (0.72% ethanol for 2 months followed by 1.44% ethanol for 3 months). The animals were allotted by treatment group into six pens and fed concentrate and perennial ryegrass. Ethanol (30%, v/v) was supplemented into drinking water twice a day to meet final concentrations based on average water consumption of finishing Hanwoo steers. Results: There were no statistical differences among the groups in final body weight, average daily gain, or carcass yield grade indices such as cold carcass weight, fat thickness, and loin area. The marbling score tended (p = 0.228) to increase with the highest score (6.7) in the E-5 group followed by 6.3 and 6.0 in E-3 and control groups, respectively. The appearance frequencies of quality grades of $1^{{+}{+}}$ (the best), $1^{+}$, 1, and 2, were; 30%, 50%, 0%, and 20% for control, 10%, 80%, 10%, and 0% for E-3, and 10%, 80%, 0%, and 10% for E-5 groups, respectively, indicating improvements of quality grades by feeding ethanol. Concentrations of serum glucose tended to decrease whereas those of insulin and non-esterified fatty acid to increase by feeding ethanol (E-3 and E-5; p>0.05). Conclusion: Feeding ethanol directly into drinking water of finishing Hanwoo steers stimulated lipogenesis in intramuscular adipose tissue (marbling) and thereby improved carcass quality grade. The serum metabolites results supported the hypothesis of lipolysis of existing adipose tissue, such as abdominal fats, and lipogenesis in intramuscular adipocytes.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.2725-2732
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• 2020

This paper presents the neutronics benchmark analysis of the first core of the Indonesian multipurpose research reactor RSG-GAS (Reaktor Serba Guna G.A. Siwabessy) calculated by the Serpent Monte Carlo code and the newly released ENDF/B-VIII.0 nuclear data library. RSG-GAS is a 30 MWth pool-type material testing research reactor loaded with plate-type low-enriched uranium fuel using light water as a coolant and moderator and beryllium as a reflector. Two groups of critical benchmark problems are derived on the basis of the criticality and control rod calibration experiments of the first core of RSG-GAS. The calculated results, such as the neutron effective multiplication factor (k) value and the control rod worth are compared with the experimental data. Moreover, additional calculated results, including the neutron spectra in the core, fission rate distribution, burnup calculation, sensitivity coefficients, and kinetics parameters of the first core will be compared with the previous nuclear data libraries (interlibrary comparison) such as ENDF/B-VII.1 and JENDL-4.0. The C/E values of ENDF/B-VIII.0 tend to be slightly higher compared with other nuclear data libraries. Furthermore, the neutron reaction cross-sections of ¹⁶O, ⁹Be, ²³⁵U, ²³⁸U, and S(𝛼,𝛽) of ¹H in H₂O from ENDF/B-VIII.0 have substantial updates; hence, the k sensitivities against these cross-section changes are relatively higher than other isotopes in RSG-GAS. Other important neutronics parameters such as kinetics parameters, control rod worth, and fission rate distribution are similar and consistent among the nuclear data libraries.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2004

본. 연.구.는. 한.우. 수.송.아.지.률. 연.령.별.(4, 9, 12, 및 16개월령 )로 거세하여 사육하는 동안 도체의 이화학적 특성을 비교 검토하기 위하여 실시되었다. 총 75두{형균 4개월령 )의 한우를 Control (비거세우) 및 Treatment I, II, III, 또는 IV(각각 4, 9, 12, 및 16개월령 에 거세)에 업의로 배치한 다음, 각각 7, 9, 12, 16, 및 28개월령 에 도축을 하였다. 한우 등심내 수훈 함량은 비거세우 및 거세우 공히 도축월령이 증가할수록 감소하였으며, 28개월령 도축시 거세우의 등심 내 명균 수분 함량은 68.63%로써, 비거세우의 72.18%에 비하여 유의척 (P <0.05)으로 낮았다. 한우 등심내 조지방 함량은 버거세우와 거세우 공히 도축월령이 증가할 수록 증가하였다. 특히, Treatment III(12 개월령 거세우)는 28 개월령에 도축시 모든 거세우들 중 가장 높은 10.24% 의 조지방 함량을 나타내었다. 한우 비거세우 의 동성 내 조단백질 함량운 도축월령에 상판 없이 23% 정도 이었다. 버거세우와 거세우 공히 등성내 보수력은 도촉월령이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향이었으며， 특히 거세우의 경우 16개월령 이후 급격한 보수력의 증가를 보여 28개월령 도축시에는 비거세우(70. 00%)에 비하여 거세우에서 현저하게( P <0.05) 높은( 78 .39%) 보수력을 나타내었다. 한우 버거세우는 도축월령이 증가할수록 등심내 palmitic acid(CI6: o)의 함량이 증가하였으며(20.92 \longrightarrow 24.22%), stearic acid (CI8 : 0)는 감소하였다(18.15\longrightarrow11.32%). 주요 불포화 지방산인 이eic acid(CI8: I)의 함량은 도축월령이 증가할수록 현저하게(P<0.05) 증가 (25.59 \longrightarrow 37.9%) 하였다. 거세우의 등심내 지방산 변화는 전체적으로 비거세우와 유사하였으나, 28 개월령 거세우의 경우 버거세우에 비하여 oleic acid의 함량이 높았으며，stearic acid 함량은 비거세우 보다 낮았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplemented enzyme complex on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in pigs weaned at 14 days of age. Eighty pigs ($4.02{\pm}0.11kg$ of average body weight) were allotted in a completely randomized block design. Treatments were as follows: 1) control (negative), 2) control (positive, $Kemzyme^{(R)}$), 3) 0.1%, 4) 0.2% and 5) 0.3% of newly developed enzyme complex. Each treatment has 4 replicates with 4 pigs per replicate. During phase I period (d 0 to 14), ADG and ADFI were numerically higher in pigs fed diets supplemented enzyme complex regardless of their inclusion levels compared to pigs fed control (negative) diet. Feed/gain (F/G) was also better in pigs fed enzyme complex diet than that of pigs fed control (negative) diet. In addition, with increasing the inclusion level of enzyme complex, ADG and ADFI were improved. However, there was no significant difference between treatment in all growth parameters. During phase II period (d 15 to 28), ADG, ADFI and F/G showed the same tendency as in phase I period. For overall period (d 0 to 28) ADG was highest in pigs fed diet included 0.2% enzyme complex in all treatments but not significantly different. During phase I period, the digestibilities of all nutrients did not showed any significant difference between treatments. However, pigs fed diet contained enzyme complex and positive control diet (Kemzyme) showed numerically higher nutrient digestibilities in all nutrients than pigs fed negative control diet. During phase II period, data were consistent with those observed in phase I period. Especially, the digestibility of phosphorus was significantly higher in pigs fed diets contained enzyme complex including phytase than pigs fed control (negative and positive) diets (p<0.05). For overall experimental period, fecal or ileal amino acid digestibility were not affected by dietary treatment. Enzyme complex newly developed and used in this study can be possibly recommended as a growth promoter when supplemented in diet for early weaned piglets.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2015

Fouling in heat exchanger becomes a major problem of dairy industry and it increases the production cost. These are lost productivity, additional energy, additional equipment, chemical, manpower, and environmental impact. Fouling also introduces the risk of food safety due to the improper heating temperature which allow the survival of pathogenic bacteria in milk, introducing biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria in equipments and spreading the pathogenic bacteria to milk. The aim of this study is to determine the fouling rate during pasteurization process in heat exchanger of pasteurized milk produced by Village Cooperative Society (KUD) "X" in Malang, East Java Indonesia by using empirical modeling. The fouling rate is found as $0.3945^{\circ}C/h$ with the heating process time ranged from 0 to 2 hours and temperature difference (hot water inlet temperature and milk outlet temperature) ranged from 0.654 to $1.636^{\circ}C$. The fouling rate depends on type and characteristics of heat exchangers, time and temperature of process, milk type, age of milk, seasonal variations, the presence of microorganism and more. This results will be used to plan Cleaning In Place (CIP) and to design the control system of pasteurization process in order to maintain the milk outlet temperature as standard of pasteurization.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.2676-2681
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• 2003

The Haptic Exploration Laboratory at The Johns Hopkins University is currently exploring many problems related to haptics (force and tactile information) in human-machine systems. We divide our work into two main areas: virtual environments and robot-assisted manipulation systems. Our interest in virtual environments focuses on reality-based modeling, in which measurements of the static and dynamic properties of actual objects are taken in order to produce realistic virtual environments. Thus, we must develop methods for acquiring data from real objects and populating pre-defined models. We also seek to create systems that can provide active manipulation assistance to the operator through haptic, visual, and audio cues. These systems may be teleoperated systems, which allow human users to operate in environments that would normally be inaccessible due to hazards, distance, or scale. Alternatively, cooperative manipulation systems allow a user and a robot to share a tool, allowing the user to guide or override the robot directly if necessary. Haptics in human-machine systems can have many applications, such as undersea and space operations, training for pilots and surgeons, and manufacturing. We focus much of our work on medical applications.

• Strategy21
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• 통권40호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2016

On 12 July 2016, China's maritime claim to most of the South China Sea (SCS) based on the so-called nine-dash line was rejected by the Arbitral Tribunal, constituted under Annex VII to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) concerning issues in the South China Sea including the legality of the so-called "nine-dashed line", the status of certain maritime features and their corresponding maritime entitlements, together with the lawfulness of certain actions by China which the Philppines, in a case brought in 2013, alleged were violations. As having the Tribunal determined that China's claim had no legal grounds in UNCLOS, thus undermining China's claims, and establishing that China has no exclusive legal rights to control the area roughly the size of India. There are some major implications from the Tribunal's ruling in the Arbitration award. These include implications on: how to delimit the maritime boundary in disputed waters, how to promote maritime confidence-building measures, how to safeguard maritime safety and security, and how to promote the rule of law in the SCS. Since its application of UNCLOS in East Asia, it has been obvious that the only way to resolve maritime disputes in the region is to build strong maritime cooperative partnerships under the auspices of the rule of law.