• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.39 no.6 s.105
• /
• pp.955-970
• /
• 2004

With the flow of globalization, world aviation markets are showing growing trends toward liberalization, deregulation, and privatization. At the same time, also apparent is a strong trend toward regionalism on aviation markets to realize open skies at the regional level. This research examines the recent trend of regionalism in the world aviation market from a political economic perspective, taking a single European aviation market as an example. The results show that the creation of a single European aviation market is the EU's strategic response against the US to enhance the European aviation industry's competitiveness. More specifically, the results show that the European countries are creating a single European aviation market in order to stand against the US' so-called 'divide and nile policy' and 'encirclement strategy' and to make their airliners to have competitive advantages over the US airliners on the lucrative North-Atlantic air routes. Recently, the single European aviation market is expanding by including the Mediterranean and Balkan states to pursue Pan European aviation cooperation and to develop European Common Aviation Area so that it can continuously enhance its negotiating leverage against external markets. The results imply that it is urgent for the Northeast Asian countries to create their own regional aviation bloc to develop their aviation industry and to increase their negotiating power against external countries.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2017

By using social network analysis, this study examined 102 countries, 281 ports, and 6,318 maritime routes associated with the global network of the Maersk Line. With the 'Belt and Road' in place, China is developing ports, expanding the cooperation with major ports, and increasing its influence on maritime transport. China's ports' reform and development implies establishing stable and independent logistic networks for supply of raw materials as well as exports and imports. This is closely related not only to individual ports' competitiveness, but also to relational structures between maritime powerhouses such as the US-which has the largest share and influence in the global market-and the surrounding countries. In this regard, an analysis of the maritime transport needs to consider the characteristics of individual ports together with those of each country. This study identified the characteristics of each port in light of the relationships in the global network of Maersk and applied them to each country. Moreover, the individual networks of China, the US, and Korea are compared. The findings showed that China, the US, Panama, Malaysia, and Spain accounted for large shares of the global network, while the shares of China, Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam were high in China's network. In addition, by comparing individual networks of China, the US, and Korea, it emerged that Korean ports such as Busan and Gwangyang had secured a high level of competitiveness in the Chinese network.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.472-484
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study was to develop a home health care model in the public health system and to test the effectiveness of the model. Seven com-munity health practitioners in Yon- Cheon county. Kyunggi province, carried out home health care service for this research. The subjects of the home health care were a total of 111 community residents with chronic health problems and risk-prone infants and children; 29 persons with hypertension, 18 persons with diabetes, 12 persons with neurologic problems, 12 elderly, and 40 infants and children. During the period of study, from December, 1993 to March, 1995, a demonstrative home health care model was developed in the Yon-Cheon County community health centers with the cooperation of the Yon-Cheon Medical Center and Yon-Cheon Public Health Center for the first six months. A home care practice manual and recording system for home visits were also co-developed by the researchers and community health practitioners. Four workshops and monthly conferences were held for this purpose. Actual home care practice took place for two months, and on-going evaluation and replanning accompanied this process. The result of the evaluation of home care service were as follows. 1) For persons with hypertension, diabetes, neurologic problems, there was significant improvement in knowledge of disease and care, but no significant difference was seen in health behavior or symptoms after home care service. 2) No significant difference was seen in level of self esteem or depression after reminiscence therapy among 12 elderly subjects. 3) There were significant differences in satis-faction toward child rearing and parental sup-port, but no significant difference In education needs for parental role after home care service among parents of infants and children. 4) There was significant improvement in the quality of life among the subjects after the home care service. 5) Subjects responded that they were highly satisfied with the home care service given by the community health practitioners. Although, the actual implementation period was very short, and not all of the evaluation outcomes showed significant improvement, the home health care model of community health practitioners was, in general, positively evaluated. Through this re-search, the possibility of community health practitioners working as active home care personnel in the public health care system is supported. Further research with an expanded area and subjects for a longer period is recommended. Cost effectiveness research is also needed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.169-180
• /
• 2017

China's mobile communication market has been growing quantitatively and qualitatively since 2000. Currently, it has secured 1.27 billion mobile subscribers and many of the Korean companies try to enter the Chinese market and cooperation with companies in China is being held. Thus understanding of the Chinese markets is the key to better prepare for future international competition. This study is to identify factors affecting switching intentions and behaviors for Chinese mobile subscribers to other mobile service providers by the PPM and it is to derive correlations between strategies of mobile service providers and users' switching intention by the groups classified by ARPU. We conducted a survey targeting 270 Chinese mobile users and analyze it by using Smart PLS 2.0. In conclusion, push effects have positive influence on intention to switching and relational switching cost among mooring effect have significantly negative influence on intention to switching In particular, intention to switching depending on the groups classified by a level of their ARPU have been shown as significantly different. This study will extend theoretical range of PPM theory in explaining users' switching behaviors and contribute to establish strategies to enter the chinese market.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.17 no.12
• /
• pp.45-57
• /
• 2019

The digital economy has created a new platform-based business model and raised the issue of the international taxation system in line with rapid economic development. Voices of fair taxation have also grown due to tax breaks to countries with low tax rates, problems caused by the gap between traditional and digital companies, and problems of business-oriented taxation systems. As a result, the international movement to lay the foundation for the international taxation system based on the business model suitable for the digital economy has become active. The stances of foreign organizations and countries are different, and the necessity of domestic policy introduction is increasing when cooperation at the international level is needed. This study was conducted to analyze the policy network and to help decision making. The results of the study showed that there were differences among domestic stakeholders depending on the actors. The EU suggested SDP in the long term, Digital Service Tax in the short term, and OECD suggested SEP in the long term. It was found that a careful approach to decision making and an in-depth study of the policy process are necessary.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.1-39
• /
• 2013

The Cooperatives Act was enacted. This enabled people to establish easily cooperatives at various fields. A cooperative is an important vehicle for rural community development. Therefore, the enactment of the Cooperatives Act can be a significant chance for rural policy. The Cooperatives Act have made three significant changes. First, cooperatives can start businesses at all the fields except for financial and insurance business. Second, requisites for people to establish cooperatives have been alleviated exceptionaly. Third, the Cooperatives Act introduced a new cooperative organization, social cooperative which aims to serve the socially excluded class. The self-help approach places rural community members at the core of a development process with two goals: to improve the quality of life within the community and to facilitate the community's capacity building. Community cooperatives contribute to accomplish those goals. One of the roles for cooperatives is to provide products and services at competitive prices. Providing a good or service at a competitive price bcomes increasingly important in some rural communities declines. Cooperative development processes have bic impacts on the ablility of community members to increase human asset and social capital. We conducted a survey targeting rural community businesses to grasp inclinations toward establishing cooperatives. The Cooperatives Act has gained low level of recognition. But so many community businesses wanted to establish cooperatives. This means there is a possibility for many community businesses to establish cooperatives without sufficient understanding. We suggested some policy issues for coping with this situation, as followings. First, the governments should provides rural community residents with opportunities to learn about cooperatives. Second, the current legal systems and regulations about business and social service should be reviewed to do away with the possible discrimination between the new cooperatives and the other forms of incoporation. Third, the cooperation of cooperatives should be encouraged and facilitated in rural communities.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.97-114
• /
• 2018

The East Asian region, an important part of Korea's imports and exports, is expected to grow further driven by the geographical, political, economic, social, and cultural complementarity. With the recent increase in imports and exports, the port trade volume between Korea and East Asian countries is also growing. However, due to various factors, such as economic size, growth rate, port infrastructure level, and geographical location of these countries, the volume of traffic with these ports is fluctuating. Despite much research on the volatility of port trade volume and changes in port network, this study tries to supplement the gap in a more detailed study of ports in Korea and East Asia since these kinds of studies are limited. The purpose of this study is to analyze the trend of distribution routes of export container cargo among ports in Korea and to present policy and practical implications of Korean trading companies, shipping companies, logistics companies, and port authorities. This study analyzes the variability of the trade volume between Korea's major ports and Daedong. Results show that Shanghai, Ningbo, Ho Chi Minh, and Haiphong were the most important factors in terms of size and volume increase. In terms of ports, the Busan port is the port responsible for trades with Yantai, Weihai, Hakata, Kobe, Ho Chi Minh, and Haiphong; Incheon port deals with Lianyungang, Tianjin, Osaka, Kobe, Ho Chi Minh, Haiphong; Gwangyang port trades with Tianjinxingang, Weihai, Yokohama, Mihn and Tanjong, and Ulsan port is strategically important for the Yantai, Lianyungang, Nagoya, Kobe, Ho Chi Minh and Portkelang ports. Therefore, the Korean government, port authorities, and shipping and logistics companies need to strengthen logistic network cooperation with these ports and actively promote investments in them.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.205-217
• /
• 2005

Purpose: To evaluate the factors affecting hospital utilization for respiratory diseases by ecological study design and GIS tool. To raise the social concern for respiratory disease by the result. Methods: Hospital admission data supported by national health insurance cooperation were transformed to spread sheet data format and combined with air monitoring dataset. Air pollution data were collected from the annual report of air monitoring published by Korea Ministry of Environment. Socioeconomic statistics including population density, age distribution, forest ratio etc.. were filed using Korea National Statistical Office database. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors affecting hospital utilization for respiratory diseases. Analytical unit was 52 cities. Results: The factors affecting hospital utilization for respiratory diseases were the proportion of population 60 years and over, seaside city, $O_3$ level, smoking rate. Conclusions: However, outdoor pollutants monitoring data and smoking rate have weakness in reflecting individual exposure. Further research is required to propose more illustrative means to evaluate causal relationship between air pollution and respiratory health effect factors.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2006.11b
• /
• pp.802-810
• /
• 2006

For a thorough train control, the precise train position detection is necessarily required. The widely used current way for train position detection is the one of using track circuits. The track circuit has a simple structure, and has a high level of reliability. However trains can be detected only on track circuits, which have to be installed on all ground sections, and much amount of cost for its installation and maintenance is needed. In addition, for the track circuit, only discontinuous position detection is possible because of the features of the closed circuit loop configuration. As the recent advances in telecommunication technologies and high-tech vehicle-based control equipments, for the train position detection, the method to detect positions directly from on trains is being studied. Vehicle-based position detection method is to estimate train positions, speed, timing data continuously, and to use them as the control information. In this paper, the features of GPS navigation and DR navigation are analyzed, and the navigation filters are designed by constructing vehicle-based train position detection method by combining GPS navigation and DR navigation for their complementary cooperation, and by using kalman filter. The position estimation performance of the proposed method is also confirmed by simulations.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.173-182
• /
• 1995

Primary health care(PHC) has been established since A Health Law for rural residents has been legislated in 1980 following the WHO declaration, 'Health for All 2000'. in 1978. PHC services are presently assumed to be provided by 2038 Community Health Practitioners(CHP) to about 28% out of rural population in Korea. Most CHPs have confronted the adaptation process to the community being practiced although a CHP's role is to evoke community participation for the improvement of their health by themselves. So the purpose of this study is to describe and explain of the commitment of CHPs into the community. Data were collected by direct interview and tape-recording under subjects' permission till theoretical saturation were occured from 6 CHPs. The subjects were 41 years old and have served in the community for 9 years in average. Main questions and concepts were explored from data according to the procedure of the grounded theory methodology. The results are as follows. 1) The number of the main concepts were twenty four that identified Motive, Desire, Personal characteristics, Unfamiliarity, Denial, Feeling of isolation, Self-sacrifice, Kindness, Patience, Assimilation, Respect for the residents, Support by the family, Support by the residents, Achievement, Acceptance of realities, Use of resources, Inducement of cooperation from the residents, Changes of the difference from time orientation between CHP and residents, Attitude as a official, Technical support, Cost management, Satisfaction level, Acknowledgement by the residents and discrepancy. 2) The twenty four concepts were categorized to seven groups such as Motivation, Feeling of Heterogeneity, Self-discipline, Social support, Induced changes in the attitudes of residents, Familarity and Persistent discrepancy. 3) The categorized groups were analyzed on the base of the Causal Conditions, Central Phenomena, Contexts, Intervening Conditions, Action / Interaction Strategies, and Consequences. Central phenomenon in this study was identified to be the feeling of heterogeneity. Community health practitioners experienced unfamiliarity and denial from the community and felt themselves isolated in the first. In time, they won the trust of residents by their efforts including self-sacrifice, kindness, patience, and assimilation. Afterward, practitioners got self-confidence and familiarity with lesser feeling of heterogeneity. Nevertheless, practitioners could not commit themselves completely because of the persistent discrepancy between CHP and residents. 4) On the commitment process, the CHPs' feeling of heterogeneity were decresed and social support increesed and newly evolved induced change of residents through the continuous interaction between CHP and them The contribution of this study would be concluded as follows. 1) It is expected that effective strategies for more rapid committment into the community can be developed based on this study. 2) More easy committment would be possible for the newly appointed CHP through understanding of the committment process identified on this study.