• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.38 no.4 s.117
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• pp.17-23
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• 2006

Paper has fibers and fines network structure and it is strongly affected by interface bond-ing between fibers. Paper structural properties can be determined depending on the inter-fiber bonding. Fines play an important role in Campbell and consolidation effect through wet pressing and drying operations. The fines are essential for the formation of bonds between fibers and for the improvement of strength properties of papers. Since the fines are components of the pulp, there are always two factors to be considered: the quality and quantity of the fines. The quality of fines might be a potential variable to give a more accurate picture of the papermaking potential of the pulp. The object of this study is to investigate the effect of different types of pulp fines on the properties of paper and to access the potential of fines for controlling the bulk of paper. Refined Sw-BKP, Hw-BKP and BCTMP fines were used to investigate the fines effect. Wet-web strength, breaking length, scattering coefficient, and hydrodynamic specific volume, and drying shrinkage were measured. According to the results, chemical and morphological compositions of fines do not strongly affect to wet-web forming by their similar Campbell effect, but strongly affect to drying operation which forms hydrogen bonding among fiber-fines-fiber matrixes. Paper bulk should be controlled by the extent of hydrogen bonding between fibers during drying operation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

Irrigation control plays an important role in improving productivity of paprika which is very sensitive to moisture condition. Among environmental factors, light intensity and distribution are not easily controlled and showed a big difference depending on season and region. For adequate irrigation control, therefore, transpiration and irrigation amounts considering light environmental data should be estimated. In current study, modified transpiration model was used for more precise estimation of transpiration. Seasonal transpiration and irrigation amounts at different regions were compared by using light environmental data provided from Korea Meteorological Administration. The transpiration amount in summer was rather smaller than those in spring and autumn seasons in Korea due to large deviations in light intensity as well as rainy period in summer. Irrigation system capacities at various regions could be recommended by using the transpiration amount in the spring having the longest photoperiod in the year. These results will be useful to the design of irrigation system and optimization of input energy in greenhouse.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 1998

Carbohydrate metabolism and partitioning are dependent on relationships between sources and sinks which can be affected by rates of photosynthesis and respiration. Fructan, the major form of stored carbohydrate in tall fescue (festuca arundineacea Schreb.), changes in concentration during growth and in response to the environment. Objectives of this study were i) to examine the content and the composition of carbohydrates in five tissues (mature leaf blade, immature leaf blade, leaf elongation zone, terminal meristem, and root tips) of two tall fescue genotypes, one with high yield per tiller (HYT) and one with low yield per tiller (LYT), and ii) to compare the reserved and utilized carbohydrates among above five different tissues, particularly between the leaf elongation zone and root tips. The established vegetative tillers of the HYT and LYT genotypes were grown in a controlled-environment growth chamber. Water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) in the leaf elongation zone was about 22% of dry weight in the HYT and about 19% in the LYT genotype. The root tip also had high WSC, about 12% of dry weight in the HYT and 6% in the LYT genotype. Hexoses and sucrose were the major components of total WSC in all tissues except the leaf elongation zone. The growing tissues (sinks), i.e., the leaf elongation zone and root tip, had a high proportion of low degree of polymerization fructan, i.e., 3 to 8 hexose units.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.236-245
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• 2021

This study aimed to characterize the morphological variations in the vegetative and floral traits of 73 wild Lilium amabile plants from six habitats in Korea. It was observed that L. amabile is distributed nationwide at any altitude from 300 m (Mt Mangdaeam) to 1550 m (Mt Halla). The majority of the natural habitats of L. amabile were found on mountain slopes, and some were found in rugged mountain regions. The down-facing flowers of this species not only had many blotches but also dense trichomes, and the flowering time was found to be from mid-June to mid-July. ANOVA revealed significant variations in vegetative and floral traits among the six habitats, indicating that the environment has substantial influences on the various growth parameters of L. amabile, such as plant height; number of leaves, bracts, papillae, and flowers; leaf angle; and lengths of the anther, longest blotch, and nectary of the petiole. In addition, the vegetative and floral traits were found closely correlated with each other under the direct impact of the environment. These findings will facilitate to find the appropriate environmental conditions for the conservation and development of L. amabile population as future lily-breeding materials.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.72-79
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• 2024

Vertical farming is one of the important solutions to overcome future food and population problems. However, underdeveloped countries can't afford due to high initial investment costs and technical huddles. To solve this problem, it is necessary to formalize the vertical farming area using ontology. In this paper, we present an ontology that includes various cultivation methods of vertical farming, connects sensors and actuates according to the methods, and recognizes and controls the cultivation environment context of the selected vertical fanning, we expect to be able to autonomously make control decisions about the context by analyzing the environmental context that is important for perceived vertical cultivation using the logical reasoning function of ontology.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.845-849
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• 1988

A laboratory scale storage facility consisting of a cold room, sample jars and a ventilation device was designed and built. Storaging sample jars (1.7 l) for fruit were fabricated with transparent acryl and provided with a constant air flow. For the supplying of air to sample jars, the air distributing system was built with solenoid valves, an air precooling coil and a pressure equalizing tank. To provide the programmable storaging environment of the facility a microprocessor-based controller was designed and installed. The controller was built with the 8 bit microprocessor (Z-80), EPROM, RAM, programmable peripheral interface(8255 PPI), and A/D converter. Softwares for the auto-temperature measurement and control of the storage system were developed and systemized in ROM. The automated storage system was applied to citrus storage, and the temperature of the storage facilities was successfully acquisited to the computer and controlled.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2015

The applicability of oil palm biomass, EFB(Empty Fruit Bunch) as raw materials for environmental friendly packaging material, pulp mold, was evaluated in this study. The changes in the water absorption properties of pulp mold by the addition of EFB and the surface treatments with PVA and AKD were analyzed by measuring the changes in the water absorption rate and the water contact angle. The each pulp mold sample was prepared by using laboratory wet pulp molder. And the water absorption rate of each samples were evaluated by measuring times for the absorption of a 0.1 ml water drop on the pulp mold sample surface. The addition of EFB to the pulp mold made of OCC resulted in the decrease of water absorption rate and the increase in the water contact angle. The surface treatments with PVA and AKD on the OCC pulp mold showed the significant reduction in the water absorption rate. However, in case of ONP pulp mold, the addition of EFB and the surface treatments with PVA and AKD showed no big changes in water absorption times. Those might be come from the finer surface structure of ONP pulp mold which were made of more finer and flexible fibers and more hydrophilic fibers. The results of this study showed the functional properties such as water absorption rate, could be controlled by the application of EFB and the treatments with AKD or PVA, especially in case of the OCC pulp mold.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.9
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• pp.11-20
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• 1991

This study was performed to avoid the chemical spraying environment condition during spraying operation for operator's safety through the development of a remote controlled speed sprayer. The summerized results of this study are as followings. 1. The developed VHF electric wave remote controlling system which could operate sixteen type of operation conditions with the circuit channels of 234 was highly adaptable to speed sprayer for the remote control. 2. The commerical wireless telephones adapted the DTMF type electric wave remote control system need not the tranceiver. 3. The wireless electric wave remote control system combined with one-chip microcomputer, which are low cost with compact in size, could be adaptable to the remote control of the speed sprayer for the wheel steering and speed control system, and to the remote control chemical application system.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.303-308
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• 2013

A remote controlled sprayer has designed, manufactured and experimented to spray well on pear trees with pesticides. This study was executed to automate pest management of pear trees. Types of spray nozzle, which was used on the system, were analyzed experimentally to find an optimal spray equipment configuration with several nozzles. Attributions of ultrasonic sensors were analyzed to adjust spraying distance of an unmanned sprayer system. This paper investigated shapes of pear trees and cultivating environment of pear orchard. In order to select optimal spray environment, liquid distribution was measured while angle of nozzle was changed. Additionally, liquid distribution by distance and sprayed liquid capacity by side distance were measured. According to information of shapes of pear trees and cultivating environment of pear orchard, sprayer frames of an unmanned sprayer system were manufactured and sprayer frames were suitable for interval of pear trees. The sprayer system could adjust width of sprayer frames to 2.5 m and height of sprayer frames to 1.7 m. Optimal angle of nozzle, and optimal distance between objects and nozzle were $15^{\circ}$ and 0.8 m. When side distance was placed from 1.2 m to 1.8 m, sprayed capacity reached to the highest amount.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2006

This studies were carried out in summer season to increase high temperature tolerance using hydrogen peroxide treatments on cucumber in greenhouse. The water stress of cucumber in greenhouse by the hydrogen peroxide treatments showed as control>250 mM>500 mM treatments in order. The photosynthesis rate of cucumber at $30^{\circ}C$ did not show difference with each hydrogen peroxide treatment in temperature controlled greenhouse. However, the photosynthesis rate of cucumber in the control and hydrogen peroxide treatments at $40^{\circ}C$ was significantly different. The photosynthesis rate of cucumber in combined treatment with 1,000 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;CO_2$ supply and hydrogen peroxide was also higher than control, however, there was no different of photosynthesis in 250 mM and 500 mM treatment. The value of $F_v/F_m$ and $F_m/F_o$ of chlorophyll fluorescent in 500 mM hydrogen peroxide treatment at $40^{\circ}C$ was highest. Also the activity of POD, the antioxidant enzyme, was higher with high hydrogen peroxide concentration than the other treatments. The high temperature limits for growth were $43^{\circ}C$ in the control, $44^{\circ}C$ in the 250 mM and $46^{\circ}C$ in the 500 mM according to analyze chlorophyll fluorescent $F_o$. The high temperature tolerance in cucumber increased approximately $3^{\circ}C$ by the hydrogen peroxide treatments under this experiment conditions.