• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2005

In this article we consider a supply chain consisting of a risk-sensitive manufacturer and a riskneutral retailer. The manufacturer maximizes her individual expected profit by designing a supply chain coordinating returns contract (SCRC) that consists of (i) a channel coordinating returns policy that maximizes the supply chain joint expected profit, and (ii) a profit sharing arrangement that gives the retailer an expected profit only slightly higher than that in the no returns case so that it is just enough to induce the retailer to accept the SCRC. Thus, the manufacturer captures as high a percentage as possible of the jointly maximum supply chain profit. However, this contract can sometimes lead to the manufacturer's resulting realized profit being lower than that in the no returns case when demand is lower than expected. In this context, even though profit is sufficiently attractive on average, will the risk-sensitive manufacturer ever consider applying a SCRC? Our research raises this question and focuses on designing a SCRC that can significantly increase the probability of the manufacturer's resulting realized profit being at least higher than that in the no returns case.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.322-331
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• 2013

This paper describes the development of the pilot plant of distributed intelligent management system for a microgrid. For optimal control and management of microgrids, intelligent agents area applied to the microgrid management system. Each agent includes intelligent algorithms to make decisions on behalf of the corresponding microgrid entity such as distributed generators, local loads, and so on. To this end, each agent has its own resources to evaluate the system conditions by collecting local information and also communicating with other agents. This paper presents key features of the data communication and management of the developed pilot plant such as the construction of mesh network using local wireless communication techniques, the autonomous agent coordination schemes using plug-and-play functions of agents and contract net protocol (CNP) for decision-making. The performance of the pilot plant and developed algorithms are verified via real-time microgrid test bench based on hardware-in-the-loop simulation systems.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to establish self sustainable win-win growth model for Korea franchise corporate sustainability and to suggest theoretical and practical implications for franchise management. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is based on literature review methodology. Result - The study suggested the ways of self sustainable win-win growth model for Korea franchise corporate sustainability. First, franchiors should strengthen requisite & specify in the contract, share information & strengthen transparency, and establish win-win management support system for control & autonomy balance. Second, franchises should develop CEO management competency & employee work competency, and establish recognition for Intellectual Property Rights Use. Third, franchisors and franchises should implement contract sincerely, strengthen Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and solve moral laxity. Forth, franchisors and franchises should establish trust and value with communication to make Creating Social Value. Fifth, franchisors and franchises should realize self sustainable social value for corporation and social community. To make this, franchsors and franchise should establish self sustainable win-win growth ecosystem with people, system, culture, innovation. Conclusions - First, Franchisors and franchises should distribute 'Self sustainable win-win growth 2025 for Korea franchise corporate sustainability' and 'Self sustainable win-win growth model for Korea franchise corporate sustainability'. Second, Franchisors and franchises should change their perspective about franchise industry. Third, Franchisors and franchises should develop various training and development plans for franchise industry. Fourth, Franchisors and franchises should establish franchise performance certificate system.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2008

This paper introduces a design and implementation of a digital control unit for an Oxygenaire Servo Baby Incubator. The control unit is designed and implemented according to international standards. The control unit is based on an AVR Atmel microcontroller unit. It is built for monitoring and control and displays the three main temperature values: set point temperature, baby skin temperature and air temperature. User friendly software is implemented. The implemented control unit was tested in the laboratory as well as in the field. The control unit is sensitive to change of $0.1^{\circ}C$. At startup, based on a unique control strategy, the incubator reaches its steady state in about 14 minutes. The system schematic diagrams are shown in the paper. Also, programs flow charts are presented. The control unit was designed and implemented based on a contract between the Electronics Research Institute (ERI) and ENGIMED Company. The authors would like to thank ERI and ENGIMED for introducing all required finance and shoring to complete this work.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.67-81
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• 2019

Purpose - The overarching aim of this study is to empirically test the effect of ex-post control mechanisms on multi-dimensional trust and channel performance in franchise systems. Although the franchise system is a vertical marketing channel based on trust between the franchisor and the franchisees, issues related to franchisee's opportunistic behavior have persisted and thus requires research into the effective control system of franchise headquarters. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, data was collected from 150 franchises to identify the effect of two types of franchising headquarters' control system on the multi-dimensional trust and franchise channel outcome between franchisor and franchisee. To test the hypotheses intended to achieve this aim, structural equations modeling technique is utilized. Results - The results of this research reveal that among the two formal control systems studied (output and process control), output control positively and significantly affects multidimensional trust. Additionally, among the three dimensions of trust employed in this study, only expertise has a positive and significant effect on contract compliance. Equally, only expertise and integrity have a negative and significant effect on opportunistic behavior. Conclusions - The study provides managerial and theoretical insights into understanding ex-post control mechanisms, trust, compliance and opportunistic behaviors in franchise systems.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2001년도 학술논문발표회
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• pp.142-147
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• 2001

Recently, as the field of construction industrial is enlarged and the blanket control system is formed, the process plan considered from initial process formation to construction cost must be systematic and rational. So we have to propose and compose the new process formation system that divides the intention decisive property of construction data, its relationship and the data property according to process definitely and can express and control easily the public ownership of construction data and network process under the peculation control. So this study decides the field formation and construction data of the work according to the ordering and contract way to establish the process data system for the process plan, shows that the lot theory is necessary to form the economical construction field and proposes that the integrated formation system of construction data that is made by code system must be established.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.216-228
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• 2011

A logistics system involving a supplier who produces and delivers a single product and a buyer who receives and sells the product to the final customers is analyzed. In this system, the supplier and the buyer establish a contract which specifies that the supplier will deliver necessary amount of the product to raise inventory up to a specified position at the beginning of each period. A new periodic order-up-to-level inventory control policy specifically designed for nonstationary end customer's demand is proposed for the system. Simulations are used to test the efficiency of the proposed policy. An analysis of the test results reveals that the proposed policy performs much better than does the existing order-up-to-level policy, especially when the demand is nonstationary.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제76권
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• pp.125-145
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• 2017

Where an insurer has unreasonably refused to pay a claim or paid it after unreasonably delay, the existing law in England does not provide a remedy for the insured. Accordingly, the insured is not entitled to damages for any loss suffered as a result of the insurer's unreasonable delay. This legal position differs from the law in Scotland and most major common law jurisdictions. LC thought that the legal position in England is anomalous and out of step with general contractual principles. LC considered that a policyholder should have a remedy where an insurer has acted unreasonably in delaying or refusing payment of claim, and, therefore, recommended a statutory implied term in every insurance that the insurer will pay sums due within a reasonable time and breach of that term should give rise to contractual remedies, including damages. More detailed recommendations of LC are as followings. First, it should be an implied term of every insurance contract that, where an insured makes a claim under the contract, the insurer must pay sums due within a reasonable time. Secondly, a reasonable time should always include a reasonable time for investigating and assessing a claim. Although a reasonable time will depend on all the relevant circumstances, for example, the following things may need to be taken into account, that is, (1) the type of insurance, (2) the size and complexity of the claim, (3) compliance with any relevant statutory rules or guidance, and (4) factors outside the insurer's control. Thirdly, if the insurer can show that it had reasonable grounds for disputing the claim(whether as to pay or not, or the amount payable), the insurer does not breach the obligation to pay within a reasonable time merely by failing to pay the claim while the dispute is continuing. In those circumstances, the conduct of the insurer in handling the dispute may be a relevant factor in deciding whether the obligation was breached and, if so, when. Fourthly, Normal contractual remedies for breach of contract should be available for breach of the implied term to pay sums due within a reasonable time. Finally, In non-consumer insurance contracts, the insurer should be permitted to exclude or limit its liability for breach of the obligation to pay sums due within a reasonable time, unless such breach was deliberate or reckless, and such an insurer's right to contract out will be subject to satisfying the transparency requirements.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.12-22
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• 2014

최근 국내 건설시장의 축소와 수주경쟁의 심화로 인하여 많은 건설기업들이 이에 대한 대안으로써 해외건설 시장에 진출하고 있다. 그러나 해외건설 프로젝트에서는 국내 건설 프로젝트와 책임과 권한의 범위가 다른 다양한 프로젝트 주체가 참여하고 있으며, 프로젝트를 둘러싼 수행환경 및 계약관행이 국내 건설 프로젝트와 다르기 때문에 다양한 리스크 요인이 존재하고 있다. 특히 해외건설 프로젝트의 문제가운데 하나가 Nominated Sub-Contracting (NSC)로 알려진 영국과 영국연방국가에서 사용되어지고 있는 하도급계약이다. 본 논문은 영국과 아시아지역 영연방 국가의 JCT약관, SIA약관, HKIA약관, PAM약관의 비교를 통해 NSC제도와 차이점을 소개한다. 또한 NSC계약의 채용 거부와 계약 해지와 관련된 약관항목분석을 통해 NSC제도의 유형을 분류한다.

• 산업노동연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.177-211
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• 2013

중국에서 고용의 이원체제라 할 수 있는 '쌍궤제'는 개혁개방 시기 들어서도 사라지지 않고, 도시호구와 농민공이라는 분할선을 통해 최근까지도 유지되고 있다. 2천년대 들어 이원체제를 해소하려는 노력이 <노동계약법>의 반포로 실현되는 듯 했으나, <노동계약법>의 절충적 성격에 덧붙여 2008년 세계금융위기가 발발하면서 중국 고용의 이원체제는 파견노동의 증가라는 새로운 방식으로 다시 강화되고 있다. 중국에서 파견노동은 예외적이 아니라 정규적이 될 만큼 대규모로 빠르게 증가하고 있다. 중국에서 파견노동은 국유기업의 구조조정 과정에서 직접 해고를 방지하는 방식으로 실업문제를 해소하려던 시도를 배경으로 하고 있다는 점에서 중국적 특색을 보이고 있다. <노동계약법>과 세계경제위기의 결합 효과는 파견노동을 규제하기보다 더욱 늘리도록 작용하였고, 특히 파견노동은 '역방향 파견'이라는 방식의 편법을 허용하여 비용과 법률적 부담을 줄이려는 기업들에 의해 넓게 활용되고 있다. 파견노동은 새로운 이원체제를 형성시키고 있고, 새로운 이원체제는 기업의 부담을 파견업체로 이전하는 구도에 의해 강화되고 있다. 중국에서 고용의 이원체제는 여전히 보호가 필요한 층을 보호로부터 더 배제시킨다는 문제를 낳고 있다.