• School Mathematics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.101-120
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• 2013

International comparative studies of students' performance in mathematics have shown that Korean students possess very negative attitudes toward mathematics, while they are ranked as one of the highest in the cognitive achievement of mathematics. This has prompted mathematics educators to seek for a way to improve the quality of mathematics education. In this context, this research has been conducted to investigate the learning style of Korean middle school students under the assumption that it is of essence to understand the characteristics of our students as mathematics learners. For the purpose, in-depth interview had been conducted and sixteen middle students participated in the interview. The students were chosen to represent the average group of their age-cohorts based on their performance in mathematics and their SES. The interview was designed as a semi-structured clinical interview. In the interview, the students were given mathematical tasks dealing with central themes in the domain of function. Each student was given about 30 to 50 minutes to solve the tasks. After an interviewee finished the tasks, s/he was asked to explained how s/he solved the tasks. The researchers asked additional questions to clarify the students' understanding of the mathematical themes in the tasks and to identify their strategies for learning mathematics. The analysis of the in-depth interview has primarily identified the characteristics of the students' understanding of the main themes in function and then has been extended to investigate their characteristic styles for learning mathematics. The analysis of the interview identified the learning styles of the students as 'inductive learning based on prototypical cases', 'repeated practice of exemplar mathematics problems', 'disengaged learning', and 'double standards in learning mathematics'. Based on the results of the analysis, this research presents the implications for the improvement of mathematics education.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.407-418
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• 2023

The Multi-Object Goal Visual Navigation(MultiOn) is a visual navigation task in which an agent must visit to multiple object goals in an unknown indoor environment in a given order. Existing models for the MultiOn task suffer from the limitation that they cannot utilize an integrated view of multimodal context because use only a unimodal context map. To overcome this limitation, in this paper, we propose a novel deep neural network-based agent model for MultiOn task. The proposed model, MCFMO, uses a multimodal context map, containing visual appearance features, semantic features of environmental objects, and goal object features. Moreover, the proposed model effectively fuses these three heterogeneous features into a global multimodal context map by using a point-wise convolutional neural network module. Lastly, the proposed model adopts an auxiliary task learning module to predict the observation status, goal direction and the goal distance, which can guide to learn the navigational policy efficiently. Conducting various quantitative and qualitative experiments using the Habitat-Matterport3D simulation environment and scene dataset, we demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.499-506
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• 2019

An intelligent robot should decide its behavior accordingly to the dynamic changes in the environment and user's requirements by evaluating options to choose the best one for the current situation. Many intelligent robot systems that use the Procedural Reasoning System (PRS) accomplishes such task management functions by defining the priority functions in the task model and evaluating the priority functions of the applicable tasks in the current situation. The priority functions, however, are defined locally inside of the plan, which exhibits limitation for the tasks for multi-domain services because global contexts for overall prioritization are hard to be expressed in the local priority functions. Furthermore, since the prioritization functions are not defined as an explicit module, reuse or extension of the them for general context is limited. In order to remove such limitations, we propose a policy-based meta-planning for general task management for multi-domain services, which provides the ability to explicitly define the utility of a task in the meta-planning process and thus the ability to evaluate task priorities for general context combining the modular priority functions. The ontological specification of the model also enhances the scalability of the policy model. In the experiments, adaptive behavior of a robot according to the policy model are confirmed by observing the appropriate tasks are selected in dynamic service environments.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.732-748
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• 2009

The technology of Semantic Web realizes the base technology for context-awareness that creates new services by dynamically and flexibly combining various resources (people, concepts, etc). According to the realization of ubiquitous computing technology, many researchers are currently working for the embodiment of web service. However, most studies of them bring about the only predefined results those are limited to the initial description by service designer. In this paper, we propose a new service supporting model to provide an automatic method for plan related tasks which achieve goal state from initial state. The inputs on an planner are intial and goal descriptions which are mapped to the current situation and to the user request respectively. The idea of the method is to infer context from world model by DL-based ontology reasoning using OWL domain ontology. The context guide services to be loaded into planner. Then, the planner searches and plans at least one service to satisfy the goal state from initial state. This is STRIPS-style backward planner, and combine OWL-S services based on AI planning theory that enabling reduced search scope of huge web-service space. Also, when feasible service do not find using pattern matching, we give user alternative services through DL-based semantic searching. The experimental result demonstrates a new possibility for realizing dynamic service modeler, compared to OWLS-XPlan, which has been known as an effective application for service composition.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.877-885
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• 2022

Vision-based activity recognition has been widely attempted at construction sites to estimate productivity and enhance workers' health and safety. Previous studies have focused on extracting an individual worker's postural information from sequential image frames for activity recognition. However, various trades of workers perform different tasks with similar postural patterns, which degrades the performance of activity recognition based on postural information. To this end, this research exploited a concept of human-object interaction, the interaction between a worker and their surrounding objects, considering the fact that trade workers interact with a specific object (e.g., working tools or construction materials) relevant to their trades. This research developed an approach to understand the context from sequential image frames based on four features: posture, object, spatial features, and temporal feature. Both posture and object features were used to analyze the interaction between the worker and the target object, and the other two features were used to detect movements from the entire region of image frames in both temporal and spatial domains. The developed approach used convolutional neural networks (CNN) for feature extractors and activity classifiers and long short-term memory (LSTM) was also used as an activity classifier. The developed approach provided an average accuracy of 85.96% for classifying 12 target construction tasks performed by two trades of workers, which was higher than two benchmark models. This experimental result indicated that integrating a concept of the human-object interaction offers great benefits in activity recognition when various trade workers coexist in a scene.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.658-668
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• 2015

The purpose of present study tested the effects of context, transparency, familiarity and related variables on comprehension of 32 idioms in 87 Chinese learners of Korean who were attending the S university in Jeonnam providence. In the first assessment, idiomatic phrases were presented out of context. In another assessment, idiomatic phrases were embedded in supportive story contexts. To examine the difference based on task types, paired t-test or one-way ANOVA was used to test differences on related variables such as TOPIK, years of residence in Korea, major and etc. on idiom comprehension. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, task type, familiarity and transparency were found to have no significant effect on idiom comprehension for Chinese learners of Korean. Second, the related variables such as TOPIK, and major had a significant effect on idiom comprehension. Third, percentage of context related interpretation error in context task was the highest. Literal interpretation errors were followed by it. It means they have a tendency to use contextual cues and semantic analysis of the phrase to comprehend Korean idioms. The results of study will be used to make a plan for teaching Chinese learners of Korean.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.594-609
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• 2020

This study investigated how experience of creative dressing tasks influences consumers' perceptions and behavior towards clothing consumption. Consumer creativity can solve several problems in consumption practices; however, few studies have analyzed it in the consumption context. This study adopted an action research method so that consumers could experience creative clothing consumption in their daily lives. In-depth interviews and participant observations were conducted on eight adults in their 20s and 30s. Participants had to dress creatively 10 times and recorded their creative fashion styles, the ideas they used, and their feelings during the tasks in a consumer diary. The main results were as follows. Participants regarded the meaning of creative dressing as a 'visually novel, transformative, and hiding the physical flaws'. Based on these characteristics of creative dressing, they showed many creative ideas by expanding the product usages or varying coordination among the fashion items. As a result of the task experience, participants became aware their stagnant fashion style and reflected on shopping habits and low clothing usage-efficiency. This study is meaningful in that it systematically explored creative clothing consumption behavior step by step from a consumer perspective.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.229-245
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• 2003

In this paper, we present a review of research perspectives and investigations in collegiate mathematics education from the four decades of development in the journal published by Korea Society of Mathematical Education. Research of mathematics education at the tertiary level, which had been a minor area in mathematics education, has made a significant development in the last decade in Europe md U.S.A. In this context, international journals for research in mathematics education were selected to comparatively examine and identify research trends and tasks in collegiate mathematics education. Based on the analysis of domestic at international journals, we present recommendations for further the development of Korean collegiate mathematics education research. First it is necessary to diversify the topics of educational research. Korean research of mathematics education at the tertiary level has been limited to the issues of curriculum developments, teacher education and computer technology. It is necessary to pursue more various topics such as conceptual development mathematical attitude and belief gender, socio-cultural aspect of teaching and teaming mathematics. Second, it is necessary to apply research methods for systematic investigations. It is important to note that international research of mathematics education introduces variety of research methods such as observation, interview, and survey in order to develop grounded theory of mathematics education. We end with pedagogical implications of the analyses presented and general conclusions concerning the perspectives for the future in collegiate mathematics education.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.169-180
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• 2021

Since machine learning was invented, there have been many different machine learning-based algorithms, from shallow learning to deep learning models, that provide solutions to the classification tasks. But then it poses a problem in choosing a suitable classification algorithm that can improve the classification/detection efficiency for a certain network context. With that comes whether an algorithm provides good performance, why it works in some problems and not in others. In this paper, we present a data-centric analysis to provide a way for selecting a suitable classification algorithm. This data-centric approach is a new viewpoint in exploring relationships between classification performance and facts and figures of data sets.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.77-89
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• 2004

This study aims to consider interrelations and reasonability to inquiry elements of environment units in 10th Science textbooks of 7th curriculum on the basis of their inquiry contexts, processes and activities. Frequency of inquiry contexts is 59.9% of the highest value in natural environment context but is 4.0% of the lowest one in techno-industrial context. Measurements, inferences, predictions, experiments, data-interpretations, correlations, conclusionreveals in inquiries are in all the textbooks, but observations and classifications, hypothesis generations, controlling variables, experimental designs and generalizations are not in some textbooks. Discussions, experiments, investigations in inquiry activities are included in all the textbooks. However, inspections are not appeared in the all the books. Based on the above results, social and techno-industrial inquiry contexts in the varied scopes are necessary in the environment curricula with a unified direction. Inquiry processes with pro-environmental behaviors as a last goal might be given into the curricula, having tasks that could be understand unified inquiries. In addition, inspections with effectiveness might be thrown into the scene of education.