• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.51-88
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• 2006

The obligation on a national court to recognize and enforce arbitral awards as provided in Article III New York Convention, which both Korea and China have ratified, is subject to limited exceptions. Recognition and enforcement will be refused only if the party against whom enforcement is sought can show that one of the exclusive grounds for refusal enumerated in Article V(1) New York Convention has occurred. The court may also refuse enforcement ex officio if the award violates that state's public policy. This article explores the circumstances where arbitral awards may be refused enforcement under the Korean and Chinese arbitration laws. It first analyzes the relevant statutory provisions. In Korea and China, which have adopted the UNCITRAL Model law, the grounds of challenge are exhaustively defined within their respective arbitration laws. According to their arbitration laws, an arbitral award may be set aside if a party making the application proves that (i) a party to the arbitration agreement was under some incapacity or the agreement is not valid under the applicable law, (ii) the party making the application was not given proper notice of the appointment of an arbitrator or of the arbitral proceedings or was otherwise unable to present his case, (iii) the award deals with a dispute not contemplated by or not falling within the terms of the submission to arbitration or contains decisions on matters beyond the scope of the submission to arbitration, or (iv) the composition of the arbitral tribunal or the arbitral procedure was not in accordance with the agreement of the parties. An arbitral award may also be set aside ex officio by the court if the court finds that (i) the subject-matter of the dispute is not capable of settlement by arbitration under the applicable law or (ii) the award is in conflict with the public policy. This article then reviews relevant judicial decisions rendered in Korea and China to see how the courts in these countries have been interpreting the provisions specifying the grounds for challenging arbitral awards. It concludes that the courts in Korea and China rarely accept challenges to arbitral awards, thereby respecting the mandate of the New York Convention.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2015

This study aims to grasp the vital rhythm of the Chapel at Ronchamp by analyzing its rhythm through Henri Lefebvre's 'rhythmanalysis' in an effort to show the possibility of approaching the presence of this chapel. For the purpose of this study, Lefebvre's thought of rhythmanalysis was first contemplated, and a case study analysis was conducted on the concept and presence of the chapel in the design process. On this basis, examples of the chapel's rhythms were analyzed through Lefebvre's dialectical analysis of the triad of time(melody), space(harmony) and energy(rhythm). The results of analysis are as follows: First, the concept intended by Le Corbusier in the process of designing the Chapel at Ronchamp is expressed as the acoustic form, the modulor corresponding to the scale of the music, the light and shadow of counterpoint, and the opposite composition of musical changes. Consequently, the concept-mediated presence of this chapel is the presence of music. Second, at the Chapel at Ronchamp, a Lefebvre's rhythmanalyst experiences, or rather senses, two vital rhythms of an antithetical unity (i.e., acoustic curved rhythm and modulor-generated linear rhythm), with reference to his/her own rhythms. These rhythms are a dialectical union of spatiality of melodies temporalized through continuity, (i.e., acoustic curved form and modulor-generated linear form), and temporality of harmonies spatialized through simultaneity (i.e., light and shadow, materials and color, form of interpenetration, and stairs or windows/doors). These rhythms carry the measures generated by music-specific repetitions and differences in movements(energy). Consequently, the rhythm-mediated presence of this chapel is also the presence of music. In conclusion, the Chapel of Ronchamp indicates that an approach toward its presence can be realized through vital rhythms derived from Lefebvre's 'rhythmanalysis'. This study holds significance as an analysis of spatial rhythm and presence, employing a philosophical thought.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.88-99
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• 2015

As architecture is designed for humans to live in based on practicality, what one experiences within such spaces is important. Such experiences are not felt only by appreciating the structure's appearance, but involve physical presence inside the space and the deepening of the individuals relationship with the space through the body's sensory perception. However, in modern times there is a much greater tendency to rely on superficial experiences by way of images or tastes rather than more meaningful human participation, while the standardization of the object universe is gradually erasing the uniqueness of experience. In light of this, the restoration of emotional and sensory spatial experiences through the design of sensory spaces can be regarded as an important task in modern spatial design. This study contemplated the meaning of emotional spatial experiences through a phenomenological understanding of such experiences, and analyzed the meaning and main factors in the creation of spatial atmosphere as a phenomenon of spatial experience. In addition, we highlighted the fact that spatial atmosphere can be applied as space design methodology by devising methods of expression through an analysis of actual examples. O.F. Bollnow's space theory and the spatial design of Peter Zumthor were the subjects of this analysis. The spatial atmosphere analyzed using Bullnow's theory is a phenomenon in which both the human and space are connected and the ensuing spatial experience embodies the emotions of both. This spatial atmosphere can be understood as a condition in which the human and space are fused together. Furthermore, coincidental/accidental meeting, mediums using potential objects, reorganization of the center due to autonomous boundaries, as well as the three temporalities were identified as the main factors in the creation of spatial atmosphere. Based on this analysis, through the identification of methods of expression for spatial atmosphere in Zumthor's spaces.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.69-81
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• 2000

Under the co-sponsorship of UNIDROIT and I.C.A.O., a preliminary draft Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment and a preliminary draft Protocol on Matters Specific to Aircraft Equipment has been prepared. The purpose of the Convention is to provide for the creation and effect of a new international interest in mobile equipment. The Convention's approach is quite novel in that it purports to create an international interest based upon the convention itself. The Convention is intended to be supplemented by Protocols, each of is intended to provide equipment-specific rules necessary to adapt the rules of the Convention to fit the special pattern of financing for different categories of equipment. To date, two sessions of governmental experts were held in Rome and Montreal. Korean delegations attended the two sessions. One of the members of the Korean delegation published a report on the first session. He expressed his objection to the so called self-help remedy contemplated by the current preliminary draft of the Convention which enables the holder of a security interest to repossess and dispose of the subject of the security interest by private sale rather than public auction on the occurrence of an event of default of the debtor. His view is based upon his understanding that under Korean law, the only remedy available to the holder of a security interest in mobile equipment, such as an airplane, is to apply to the competent court for a public auction. In my view, his understanding is not quite correct and is inconsistent with the current practice in Korea. Under Korean law, the parties' agreement for private sale is in principle valid unless there is an interested party who has acquired a security interest after the creation of the prior security interest or a creditor who has caused the subject of the security interest to be attached by a competent court. In this article, I discuss the current Korean law and practice relating to the enforcement of security interests by private sale in more detail.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 데이터 시각화 연구의 한 분야인 텍스트 시각화에 대하여 그 시각적 표현의 재료가 되는 텍스트 데이터의 종류 및 본질, 특성에 대하여 고찰하고, 다양한 텍스트 시각화의 사례 연구를 통해 텍스트 데이터의 시각화를 위한 표현적 접근 방식에 대하여 다각적으로 분석하였다. 텍스트 시각화 연구는 컴퓨터의 발달과 방대한 데이터의 공개, 그리고 시각화 툴의 범용화 등의 기류를 타고 급속도로 확산되고 있으며, 이에 따라 공학, 예술, 인문, 사회 등 학제 간 융합 연구를 통해 다양한 작품 또는 연구 성과물로서 창작되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 텍스트 데이터를 비롯한 데이터 시각화에 관한 이론적 고찰과 접근 방식에 대한 체계적 분석은 거의 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. 데이터는 이해와 해석의 대상이며, 가공 및 접근에 따라 무한한 정보와 가능성을 갖는다. 데이터의 중요성이 점차 증가하고 있는 현 시점에서 데이터의 이해와 해석에서 출발하는 텍스트 시각화라는 융합 학문적 연구 분야는 미래 인간 사회에서 데이터가 차지할 위상을 고려할 때, 보다 체계적인 연구와 이론적 축적을 필요로 한다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.804-812
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• 2012

This study contemplated domestic and other country's effluent limitation standards and suggested a methodology to establish technology-base limitation value. Current effluent limitation regulates industrial point sources discriminated by discharge flow rate and by regional distinction in Korea. Discharged $BOD_5$ load from large-scale plants(flow rate above $2,000\;m^3/day)$ exceeds 50% of overall industrial wastewater, which present rationale for discrimination based on plant size. However, regional distinction and pollutant- specific regulation might be insufficient to meet practical effectiveness of wastewater management policy, due to the nearly same limitation. Water quality data and treatment methods were investigated in hospital industry. And their distribution of effluent $BOD_5$ concentrations was statistically analyzed to suggest limitation value. Effluent $BOD_5$ concentrations showed lognormal distribution and $95^{th}$ percentile was corresponded to 87.9 mg/L, which could be suggested as tentative effluent limitation in hospital industry. The $95^{th}$ percentile of log-transformed distribution showed similar value of 86.5 mg/L. This study demonstrated reasonable methodology for establishing effluent limitation reflecting wastewater characteristic and treatment technology in separately categorized industry.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.103-116
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• 2011

Objective: The study analyzed degrees of participation in physical activities, demographic and sociological characteristics of middle and high school students, and the relations to mental health related factors, based on "Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey." Therefore, the study can be used as preliminary data for establishing mental health promotion plans for youth and setting contents and directions of health education. Methods: The study analyzed the data, collecting from 75,066 middle and high school students, regarding their demographic and sociological characteristics, mental health, and relations to physical activities by using SPSS Win 15.0. Results: 19.1% of the students answered they had seriously contemplated suicide during the past 12 months, and 43.2% said they are usually under enormous pressure. 55.3% answered that academic achievements and the pressure from future paths are major factors of their stress. The students showed noteworthy differences in whether they think about suicide depending on whether the students live with their father or mother. The study found that the students whose parents' levels of education are low, or their academic records are low, or economic conditions are poor are more likely to think about suicide. The students tend to think more about killing themselves if they spend more time sitting to study than being engaged in physical activities, or spend little time walking. And they are more likely to think about committing suicide if they spend little time exercising, or are not engaged in physical activities on the playground or a gym in PE classes.

• 과학기술학연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.49-67
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• 2005

현대 사회에서 과학기술의 영향력이 점차 커짐에 따라 과학자에 대한 관심이 어느 때보다 높아지고 있으며 그 역할도 커지고 있다. 과학자는 연구자로서 연구실이나 실험실에서 연구를 하며, 직업인으로서 전문적 직업에 종사하며, 사회구성원의 일원으로서 사회 활동을 한다. 과학자는 연구를 수행하는 과정에서 지켜야 할 의무가 있고, 그 결과에 대해서도 책임을 져야하는 사람으로 인식되고 있다. 따라서 과학자가 누구이고, 하는 일이 무엇이며, 어떤 책임과 의무를 지고 있는지 등에 관한 고찰이 필요하다. 이러한 필요성에도 불구하고 학교 현장에서나 사회에서는 과학자의 사회적 역할이나 책임에 대한 체계적인 교육이나 논의가 거의 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 이 글에서는 과학자의 의미와 자친 사회구성원으로서의 과학자, 과학자의 역할과 의무와 책임, 이에 대한 교육의 목적과 필요성 및 교육 방법에 대하여 고찰하고자 하였다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 독거노인의 자살생각에 영향을 주는 요인을 규명하여 자살예방을 위한 프로그램 개발과 수행에 필요한 기초자료로 활용되도록 하기 위하여 시행 되였다. 본 연구는 2017년 제4차 노인실태조사 자료를 활용한 이차분석 연구이며 2017년 현재 전국 17개 시·도의 일반 주거시설에 거주하는 65세 이상의 노인 10,299명의 자료를 활용하여 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 분석결과 독거노인 10.5%가 자살에 대해 생각해 보았고 성별, 나이, 만성질환 수, 우울증, 차별경험에서 자살생각 정도가 유의하게 차이를 나타냈다. 따라서 독거노인의 자살예방을 위해서 만성질환자에 대한 지속적인 관리와 우울증환자의 조기발견 및 다양한 사회활동 프로그램에 참여할 수 있도록 공공· 민간영역 모두 관심과 적극적인 관리가 필요하다.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.95-110
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• 2013

현재의 최신 교육과정은 창의적인 인재를 육성하는데 중점을 두고 있다. 하지만 학교에서 실제로 진행되고 있는 수학 교육은 창의성과 거리가 먼 주입식 교육으로 진행되어, 수학을 어렵게 여기는 학생들이 늘어나고 있다. 정부는 이러한 상황을 극복하기 위해 '스토리텔링을 활용한 수학 교육'을 제안하였으며, 이에 게임을 활용한 수학 교육이 다방면에서 연구 개발되고 있다. 그러나 현재 대부분의 교육용 기능성게임들은 연역적 체계를 중시하는 현재의 수학 교육을 탈피하지 못하여, 창의성을 기른다는 목표를 이루지 못하고 있다. 이는 기존의 수학 교육용 기능성 게임들이 수학과목에 대한 목표와 수학 교수 학습이론을 깊이 고찰하지 않았기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구는 기존의 수학교육이 지닌 주입식 교육의 한계를 넘어서기 위해 수학 교수 학습이론인 RME를 기반이론으로 하여 게임 요소를 활용한 수학적 직관 향상을 위한 초등 기하 교육용 게임 콘텐츠를 개발하는 방법론을 제시하고자 한다.