• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.346-352
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• 2007

2006년에서 2007년까지 국내에서 생산된 사료 중 585점(배합사료 447, 단미사료 138)의 사료에서 아플라톡신 오염도를 조사하였다. 단미사료 중 $AFB_1$과 $AFB_2$의 오염도는 각각 20%와 3%이었으며, 오염농도는 각각 $0.48{\sim}10.46ppb$와 0.25-0,42 ppb로 나타났다. 배합사료에서는 $AFB_1$ 오염도가 38%로 나타났으며, 평균 0.43-5.52 ppb 수준의 검출농도로 분석되었다. 그리고 조사된 사료 중 2%의 배합사료가 0.26-0.46 ppb의 농도로 $AFB_2$에 오염되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 사료의 종류별로 아플라톡신 오염을 비교시 고기소 사료(75%)> 젖소 사료(72%)> 강피류(30%)순으로 $AFB_1$이 많이 오염되어 있는 것으로 나타났으며, $AFB_1$ 평균오염농도는 강피류(3.1 ppb)에서 가장 높았으며, 박류(2.9 ppb), 개사료(1.9 ppb) 순으로 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 검사한 모든 시료에서 $AFG_1$와 $AFG_2$는 검출되지 않았다.

• 정보학연구
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2004

기존의 누설전류기법에서 한층 진일보된 비접촉식 수신용 안테나를 이용하여 복잡한 지역과 광범위한 지역에서 효율적인 고분자 애자의 오손정도를 진단하기 위하여 본 연구를 착수하였다. 착수된 연구는 가공된 챔버 내 설치된 고분자애자에 인위적으로 카올린과 소금을 혼합후 증류수에 혼합하여 인공 오손실시 후 방사전자파와 스페트럼 그리고 부분방전전하량을 동시에 측정 후 전자파 신호에 대한 카올린의 오손정도에 대한 특징추출을 위하여 다우비치 이산웨이블렛 변환기법에 적용 후 각각의 통계적인 파라미터의 특징을 추출하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2014

Uncertainty associated with a sampling method is very high in evaluating the degree of site contamination; therefore, such uncertainty affects the reliability of precise investigation and remediation verification. In particular, in evaluating a site for a small-sized filling station, underground utilities, such as connection pipes and oil storage tanks, make grid-unit sampling impossible and the resulting increase in uncertainty is inevitable. Accordingly, this study quantified the uncertainty related to the evaluation of the degree of contamination by total petroleum hydrocarbon and by benzene, toluene, ethylene, and xylene. When planning a grid aimed at detecting a hot spot, major factors that influence the increase in uncertainty include grid interval and the size and shape of the hot spot. The current guideline for soil sampling prescribes that the grid interval increase in proportion to the area of the evaluated site, but this heightens the possibility that a hot spot will not be detected. In evaluating a site, therefore, it is crucial to estimate the size and shape of the hot spot in advance and to establish a sampling plan considering a diversity of scenarios.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.35-40
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• 1991

This study was performed to investigate the contamination degree of effluent from the sewage purification system and septic tank. The 711 samples, were collected from the large size tank located in Seoul from Mar. to June 1991. The results were as follows 1. The pH values of effluent were largely neutral of 6.96 in sewage and 7.43 in septic tank. 2. The average concentration of BOD was 48.18 mg/l in sewage and 127.0 rng/l in septic tank. 3. The average concentration of SS was 40.8mg/l in sewage and 90.5rng/l in septic tank. 4. In the analysis of nutrient salts, the average concentration of NH$_{3}$-N was 31.62mg/l in sewage and 88.79 mg/l in septic tank. 5. In the analysis of correlation among items, BOD, SS, NH$_{3}$-N and PO$_{4}$-P were higly correlated beween items. 6. As a results of above analysis, it is considered as desirable evaluation method of effluent not through the only item but through the integrated items.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.128-132
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• 2010

핵의학과 종합조작실은 방사선 관리구역으로 이곳에서 발생된 방사성오염물질은 방사성폐기물로 간주하여 일반쓰레기와 별도로 관리를 해야 한다. 본 실험은 우리가 미처 인식하지 못해 일반쓰레기로 처분되었던 방사성오염물질의 오염도를 측정하고 원인을 분석하여 보다 적극적인 방사성폐기물 관리 운영의 필요성을 제시하고자 함이다. 측정대상은 방사성의약품을 표지하기 위해 사용된 생리식염수와 $^{99}Mo$/$^{99m}Tc$ generator(국산 및 외산)에서 발생한 generator cap, saline needle cap, $^{99m}Tc$-needle cap, saline vial로 하였고, gamma survey meter를 이용하여 평균값과 표준 편차(mean${\pm}$SD)로 나타냈다. 측정대상물질의 오염유무를 알기 위해 방사선 관리구역에서 반출될 수 있는 물질의 표면오염도인 최대허용표면오염도의 1/10(43.2 cpm)을 기준값으로 정하였다. 각각의 표면오염도를 측정한 결과 방사성의약품 표지를 위해 사용된 생리식염수에서는 $14,429{\pm}26,378$ cpm으로 최대 허용표면오염도의 1/10을 초과하였다. 그리고 측정된 generator중 외산에서는 generator cap: $17{\pm}28$ cpm, saline needle cap: $35{\pm}66$ cpm, $^{99m}Tc$-needle cap: $9{\pm}21$ cpm, saline vial: $13{\pm}28$ cpm으로 최대허용표면오염도의 1/10를 초과하지 않았지만 국산에서는 generator cap: $22,852{\pm}52,545$ cpm, saline needle cap: $87,367{\pm}109,711$ cpm, $^{99m}Tc$-needle cap: $9,008{\pm}10,459$ cpm, saline vial: $186,416{\pm}158,196$ cpm으로 최대 허용표면오염도의 1/10를 초과하였다. 외산 generator에서 발생한 측정대상물질은 일반폐기물로 처분하고 국산 generator와 방사성의약품을 표지하기 위해 사용된 생리식염수는 반드시 방사성폐기물로 간주하여 처분해야 한다. 따라서 일반쓰레기 뿐만 아니라 종합조작실에서 반출되는 모든 물질에 대한 자체적인 방사선측정, 기록 및 비치와 방사성폐기물에 대한 지속적인 교육을 통해 방사성 폐기물이 일반쓰레기로 처분되어 나가는 것을 예방 할 수 있을 것이다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 1993

It is well known that we should take 2L of drinking water per day to maintain our health. The drinking water quality is becoming worse owing to sewage discharge and industrial wastewater. Surface water is polluted by various kinds of contaminants and ground water were known as clean and unpolluted water, but through recent many reports the ground waters are also contaminated by waste disposal and intrusion of organic and bacterial movement. This research was undertaken to make a water index of water contamination by referringcations cations and anions. NH$_{4}$, Fe, Mn, and Pb are chosen as cations and $NO_3$, Cl, and $SO_4$ ions are chosen as anions to make a index, and the following water index was made as the contamination index. (Fe+Mn+Pb)/0.7+$(NH_4+NO_3+Cl+SO_4)$/10.5<6.0 By using ton Chromatography the cations and anions are rapidly analyzed and plotting the analyzed data to the equation, we can easily get the degree of contaminations by avoiding analysis of over 37 water parameters in several days. Of course this index of water contamination is not perfect and detail one, but in case of emergent case or to know the overall trends of contamination, it is convenient to use this index. Among the tested 5 kinds of samples the ground water showed contamination index of 6.87. Authors used the already published healthy index and tasty index and differentiated their degrees in detail.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 1997

원유로 오염된 지반의 지반공학적 연구는 환경적인 문제만큼 중요한 사안이나 국내에서는 이와같은 연구가 거의 연구되어지지 않고 있을 뿐만 아니라 심각도 또한 인지하고 있지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 지반환경학적인 측면에서 원유로 오염된 사질토의 압축강도 특성, 전단강도 및 일축압축강도의 특성을 통하여 원유로 오염된 모래의 물리적 거동을 파악하였다. 실험결과에 의하면 원유로 오염된 모래지반이 오염되지 않은 지반의 내부마찰각이 간극속에 있는 원유로 인하여 감소하고 있으며 오염도에 따라서 강도정수들 또한 현저한 영향을 보이고 있다. 모래의 압축특성은 오염도에 따라 영향을 받는다. 각 시험에 관한 자세한 결과치는 본 본문에 소개하였다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to examine how medication contamination in a single-dose glass ampule is affected by minute glass flakes generated in different methods of cutting the ampule. Method: Sixty medication-containing glass ampules were randomly assigned to two groups. The number of glass flakes, resulting from two different cutting methods (with cotton and without cotton), were counted under the microscope. Contamination was evaluated by extracted the medication with a syringe and culturing it in E. coli, coliform, and aerobic bacteria culture media. Result: Fewer glass flakes were found in the ampules when the ampule was cut with cotton. The use of cotton, however, did not significantly change the degree of drug contamination. Conclusion: Although minute glass flakes generated in the ampule cutting operation did not significantly contaminate the medication and the use of cotton decreased the number of glass flakes in the ampules, glass flakes injected into the blood and tissues of the patient remain a risk factor. Therefore, pre-filled syringes or syringes with filters would be alternative methods and safeguards against the possible injection of glass flakes generated while cutting the ampule.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.39-48
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• 1986

This study was carried out to investigate the bacterial contamination of Ice Tea sold on the l street in Seoul area. For this, study 81 samples were collected on the street from July to September, 1985 and were examined on the following items. 1. Degree of bacterial contamination. 2. The relation of the occurrence of fecal coliform and salmonella. 3. The change of bacterial contamination in Ice Tea against temperature. As the results of this study, the following conclusion were obtained. 1. The mean count of total viable bacteria by standard plate count was $6.5{\times}10^3$/ml, the mean count of total coliform and fecal coliform by MPN method were $3.4{\times}10^2$/100ml, 5.5/100ml and those of fecal streptococci was $3.2{\times}10^2$/100ml. 2. The mean count of Staphylococcus aureus was 10.5/ml, the isolated rate of salmonella was 7.41%. 3. In relation to the occurrence of fecal colfform and salmonella, salmonella isolated that for values above $10^2$ fecal coliform 100ml. 4. In the change of bacterial contamination in Ice Tea against temperature, the number of total coliform and fecal coliform increased at $25{\circ}$C, decreased at $4{\circ}$C, but fecal streptococci increased at $25{\circ}$C and $4{\circ}$C.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.371-377
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• 1997

This paper presents the geophysical applications to the environmenml problem in an abandoned mine area. We would like to focus our attention on the mapping of the soil contamination and the detection of the buried mine tailings. For mapping the soil contamination. measurements of both in-situ magnetic susceptibility (k) and terrain conductivity were carried out. In-situ magnetic susceptibilities of the contaminated soil due to the acid mine drainage show higher values than those of the uncontaminated area. However. those data do not show the correlation with the degree of the soil contamination observed on the surface. The least-squares fitted formula obtained with the measured insitu magnetic susceptibilities is $k=4.8207{\times}W^{0.6332}$, where W is the $Fe^{+2}$ weight percentage. This weight gives most effect to magnetic susceptibility of the soil. Lateral variations of the soil contamination in the shallow subsurface can be detected by the electrical conductivity distributions from EM induction survey. TDIP (Time Domain Induced Polarization) and EM induction surveys were conducted to detect the buried mine tailings. From the results of TDIP, the spatial zone, which shows high chargeability-low resistivity, is interpreted as the buried mine tailings. Therefore, it is concluded that it is possible to discriminate the spatial zone from the uncontaminated ground.