• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.16D no.6
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• pp.889-898
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• 2009

Currently, the amount of containers is growing up continuously. However, they still depend on humans checking or validating. In this situation, humans must participate in the systems. Situation-awareness technologies allow human participation to be minimized. The situation-awareness technologies provide data or service appropriate to the object's current state, and the state is recognized automatically by the system. They can automatically execute working processes without human intervention. We suggest a middleware system based on situation-awareness technologies using an ontology for the safety transportation of containers. The middleware is aware of the current state and sends the data required by an application. It can help build new applications by enhancing agility, and it can also support automated service processing by invoking the service required like fire-fighting, fixing container, and so on. Improving transportation of containers process automation with situation-awareness technologies reduces manpower requirements for checking and validating containers, and so saves logistics costs of container transportation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 1997

The purpose of this research was to complete basic study about standardization of corrugated fibreboard containers for apples. Various corrugated fibreboard containers are studied and the results are shown below. 1. WLK, SK, and KA are usually used for outer liner boards, S and $K_2$ are for medium or inner liner boards. 2. According to the study, about twenty different liner compositions are currently used for apple packaging. However, for the containers with white liner board, the liner composition is WLK210/M200/S120/$M200/K_{2}200$, for the containers with colored liner board, SK180/M200/S120/$M200/K_{2}200$ are mostly used. 3. Sixteen percents of cost saving are expected when subsitute white outer liner boards by those of colored.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.5-12
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• 2018

Plastic containers which provides the opportunity to reduce transportation costs are lighter and less brittle than glass containers. As a results, efforts to replace glass with plastic are ongoing. The blow molding method is a typical approach in producing plastic containers. Single-stage injection blow molding (ISBM) is one of the blow molding methods. However, the difficulty in controlling the temperature during the injection molding process is considered its main disadvantage. In this study, ISBM process analysis of relatively thick walled containers such as cosmetic containers is carried out. The initial temperature distribution of the preform is deemed to be the most influential factor in the accuracy of blow molding for the thick vessel. In order to accurately predict this, all heat transfer processes of the preform are considered. The validity of this analytical procedure is verified by comparing the cross-sectional thickness with the actual product. Finally, the validated analytical method is used to evaluate the factors affecting the thickness of the final molded part. The ISBM analysis technique for thick walled vessels developed through this study can be used as an effective predictor for preform design and blow process.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.85-98
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• 2021

The pandemic of COVID-19 further promoted the imbalance in the volume of imports and exports among countries using containers, which worsened the shortage of empty containers. Since it is important to secure as many empty containers as the appropriate demand for stable and efficient port operation, measures to predict demand for empty containers using various techniques have been studied so far. However, it was based on long-term forecasts on a monthly or annual basis rather than demand forecasts that could be used directly by ports and shipping companies. In this study, a daily and weekly prediction method using an actual artificial neural network is presented. In details, the demand forecasting model has been developed using multi-layer perceptron and multiple linear regression model. In order to overcome the limitation from the lack of data, it was manipulated considering the business process between the loaded container and empty container, which the fully-loaded container is converted to the empty container. From the result of numerical experiment, it has been developed the practically applicable forecasting model, even though it could not show the perfect accuracy.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.29-43
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• 2023

Consumers should look at the ingredients of cosmetics or food for their health and purchase them after checking whether they contain allergy-causing ingredients. Therefore, this paper aimed to develop an artificial intelligence-based smartphone application for automatically recognizing the ingredients displayed on a curved container and delivering it to consumers in an easy-to-understand manner. The app needs to allow consumers to immediately comprehend the restricted ingredients by recognizing the ingredients' words in the cropped image. Two major issues should be solved during the development process: First, although there were flat containers for cosmetics or food, most were curved containers. Thus, it was necessary to recognize the ingredient table displayed on the curved containers. Second, since the ingredients' words were displayed on the curved surface, the transformed or line-changed words also needed to be recognized. The proposed new methods were enough to solve the above two problems. The application developed through various tests verified that there was no problem recognizing the ingredients' words contained in a cylindrical curved container.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.517-523
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• 2004

The container load planning is one of key factors for efficient operations of handling equipments at container ports. When the number of containers are large, finding a good solution using the conventional genetic algorithm is very time consuming. To obtain a good solution with considerably small effort, in this paper a pseudo-parallel genetic algorithm(PPGA) based on both the migration model and the ring topology is developed The performance of the PPGA is demonstrated through a test problem of determining the optimal loading sequence of the containers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.197-205
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• 2000

Productivity of container cranes and gantry cranes is influenced by the performance of crane hardware and cycle time. Cycle time in container handling is influenced by the path of containers and relative positioning of containers. So we have to minimize the sway of containers and spreaders to minimize relative positioning time. And sway minimization is influenced by the skill of workers in manual gantry cranes. In this paper, we will survey some anti-sway systems. Each system has some merits and some shortages. And we will show our choice and its experimental equipment which is under construction.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.33-41
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• 2013

Purpose - Yard inventories increase when export containers are carried into the terminal and decrease when import containers are delivered to the consigners. The purpose of this study is to analyze container inventories according to the weekly ship arrival pattern at container terminals. Research design, data, and methodology - As container ships operate according to weekly schedules based on shipping companies and their routes, specific terminals provide a fixed-day service in a week. Thus, yard inventories can change with weekly fluctuations. The data used in this study were the actualdata at specific container terminals. Result - The dwell times of each container at a terminal represent an important variable that affectsyard inventories. Even cargo flows are steady in a given period, if dwell times are prolonged, yard inventories increase. Conclusion - Dwell time is another factor causing yard inventory change. Therefore, the calculation for yard inventories should consider the weekly ship arrival patterns and dwell times of each container. Further, at the planning stage, dwell time should be more carefully considered to calculate yard capacity.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.227-234
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• 2016

In the transportation between countries using container, too many empty containers must be transported due to the transportation unbalance. For transportation efficiency, therefore, foldable containers are being developed. Hinge brackets are important parts of foldable containers because great force is applied on the hinges during loading onto and unloading from ships. In this study, the hinge bracket for a foldable container is designed to be made using thick plate or bulk materials to endure the heavy loads. The forming process for the hinge bracket using a thick plate is designed via numerical analysis. First of all, the shape of bracket is designed for the better formability. Bending and successive side wall thickening processes are employed for the forming of the hinge bracket. Maximum thickening that can be achieved in a single stage of forming without a folding defect is determined and three stage of thickening processes are designed.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.115-127
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to develop a standard to estimate safety factors of corrugated fiberboard containers used for agricultural products. This study is limited to fresh agricultural products packaged in the corrugated fiberboard containers and further work needs to be done, but we believe the data and results obtained by this research will greatly help to set proper package design for boxes. Especially, safety factor would be practically helpful for researchers for future study and packaging users to save packaging costs.