• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.93-108
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• 2019

본 연구는 광양항 컨테이너부두의 경쟁력을 높이고 터미널운영사 간 과도한 경쟁을 해결하기 위한 컨테이너 화물유치 및 신규화물을 창출 할 수 있는 방안으로 비표준화 화물의 컨테이너화 방안과 필요성을 제시하는 데 연구의 목적이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 컨테이너화 비율이 낮거나 최근 들어 컨테이너화가 진행되고 있는 14개 품목을 일반화물, 산적화물, 액체화물로 구분하여 컨테이너화 방안 및 필요성을 제시하였다. 일반화물의 경우 일반 컨테이너의 개조나 적재방법을 개선하여 이용률을 높일 필요가 있으며, 산적화물은 우천에 의한 제품 변질 방지, 소량 주문 및 판매 가능, Clean 화물 취급, 물류비 절감 등 컨테이너화 장점을 최대한 활용할 필요가 있다. 그리고 액체화물은 높은 품질과 안전하고 내구성이 강한 Flexitank나 Flexibag을 활용한 소량 주문 및 판매, 운송의 편리성, 시간과 비용 절감 등이 필요하다.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.63-84
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• 1980

Since 1972 the growth of container services in Korea has been explosive and many shipping lines have heavily committed themselves to containerization as a means of lowering their operational costs by introducing capital-intensive methods to the traditionally labour-intensive field of general cargoes. However, by the lack of comprehensive long-range planning for the reception of containerization there has been bottle-neck at some of the stages along which import-export cargo may pass through a berth to shippers' premises. The aim of this article is to examine the present status of containerization in Korea and assess the implications of containerization for the location of the various distributive facilities: ports, inland container transport, inland clearance depots, groupage terminals, distribution depots at the national level.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.189-207
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 네트워크 이론 관점에서 정기선 운항에 따른 해운네트워크 분석을 통한 세계 주요 항만의 중심성을 분석해 보고 항만경쟁력으로 대변되는 항만물동량에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아봄으로써 선사 중심의 항만경쟁력 평가 및 항만당국 및 항만운영자의 컨테이너항만 경쟁력 향상방안과 개발정책에 필요한 근거를 마련하는데 있다. 항만의 네트워크 중심성을 파악하기 위해 이용된 데이터는 Containerization Yearbook과 online의 2007년부터 2011년까지 6년간의 정기선사 서비스 및 항만 데이터를 활용하였으며 분석방법으로는 그래프 이론의 한 부문인 사회 네트워크 분석(SNA: Social Network Analysis)을 이용하였다. 또한 이를 통해 도출된 주요 항만의 중심성과 항만경쟁력에 영향을 미치는 요인을 선행연구를 통해 도출하여 항만물동량과의 패널 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 세계 주요항만의 중심성을 분석하여 시간에 흐름에 따른 항만 네트워크 내 역할에 대해 파악되었고, 고정효과모형(Fixed effect model)으로 선택된 패널회귀분석을 통해 거시경제변수인 GDP, 선석의 변화율 및 항만 중심성 중 위세 중심성(Eigenvector Centrality)이 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 변수로 분석되었다.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.29-73
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• 1988

Since the middle of 1950's when sea transportation service by container ship was established, containerization has been rapidly spread over the world with realization of intermodalism, and becomes an index of economy growth of a country. Our country has established Pusan Container Terminal at Pusan harbour in 1978 in step with worldwide trend of containerization, and is constructing New Container Terminal at Pusan outharbour which will be completed in 1990. This paper aims to make a quantitative analysis of the Pusan Container Terminal system through the computer simulation, especially focusing on its subsystems such as ship stevedoring system, storage system and transfer system. First, the capacity of various subsystems are evaluated and it is checked whether the current operation is being performed effectively through the computer simulation. Secondly, the suggestion is presented to improve the operation by considering the throughput that Pusan Container Terminal will have to accept until 1990, when New Container Terminal will be completed. The results are as follows ; 1) As the inefficiency is due to the imbalance between various subsystems at Pusan Container Terminal on the basis of about 1.2 million TEU of container traffic, transfer equipment level must be up to 33% for transfer crane, and free period must be reduced into 4/5 days for export/import. 2) On the basis of about 1.4 million TEU of container traffic, transfer equipment level must be up to $12\%$ for gantry crane, $11\%$ for straddle carrier and $66\%$ for transfer crane, and free period must be reduced into 3/4 days for export/import. 3) On the basis of about 1.7 million TEU of container traffic, transfer equipment level must be up to $25\%$ for gantry crane, $28\%$ for straddle carrier and $100\%$ for transfer crane, and free period must be reduced into 3/4 days for export/import. 4) On the basis of about 2 million TEU of container traffic, transfer equipment level must be up to $25\%$ for gantry crane, $30\%$ for straddle carrier and $110\%$ for transfer crane, and free period must be reduced into 2/3 days for export/import, and it is necessary to enlarge storage yard.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.213-225
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• 2022

컨테이너 기술은 클라우드 환경에서 마이크로서비스의 효율적인 구축 및 운영을 가능하게 했지만, 심각한 보안 위협도 함께 가져왔다. 다수의 컨테이너가 서비스 구성을 위해 네트워크로 연결되기 때문에 공격자는 탈취한 컨테이너에서 네트워크 공격을 수행해 인접한 다른 컨테이너를 공격할 수 있다. 이러한 위협을 막기 위해 다양한 컨테이너 네트워크 보안 솔루션이 제안되었으나 성능적인 측면에서 많은 한계점을 갖고 있다. 특히 이들은 컨테이너 네트워크 보안에 필수적인 패킷 페이로드 검사 과정에서 매우 큰 네트워크 성능 저하를 일으킨다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 클라우드 환경을 위한 eBPF/XDP 기반 고속 패킷 페이로드 검사 시스템인 BPFast를 제안한다. BPFast는 별도의 유저 수준 컴포넌트 없이 커널 영역에서 컨테이너가 전송한 패킷의 헤더와 페이로드를 검사하여 컨테이너를 네트워크 공격에서부터 보호한다. 본 논문에서는 Kubernetes 환경에서 진행한 실험을 통해 BPFast 프로토타입이 Cilium, Istio 등 최신 솔루션보다 최대 7배 더 빠르게 동작할 수 있음을 증명했다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.581-588
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• 2011

Globalization of production, changing technology in ocean shipping sector, shifting bargaining power from port service provider to port users, changing distribution patterns of the containerization and new implementation for the environment and safety concerns introduced new ways of administration in port sector. In these days, port industries cannot survive alone. Port operation and management has to be proactive to cooperate and integrate with other port operators or other industries. In the 21st century, cooperation in maritime sector is more common than that in the past with several different reasons in a mixture of forms of cooperation. Cooperation among port authorities, port operators, shipping line, inland transport service providers and/or related organizations themselves becomes to exist to overcome the challenges and development of the global transport chain. This paper investigates the concept of port cooperation and the case analysis of the cooperation in the port industry.

• 산업공학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2001

Containerization of cargo transportation has been norm in the word wide maritime services, but containerized trades are typically unbalanced in terms of the number of inbound and outbound containers. Therefore it is critical for shipping companies to find operating policy such as the repositioning of empty containers or replenishing of short-term leasing containers from leasing companies to satisfy the freighter's demands of containers. This paper develops a simulation model using ARENA to establish shipping company's operational policy to relocate and replenish empty containers. Furthermore, this study proposes simple and heuristic empty container repositioning rules to minimize the relevant cost in terms of leasing, repositioning, and inventory holding costs.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.53-66
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• 1996

Container handling facilities in Korean ports have increased rapidly according to Korean industrialization and the worldwide containerization. Over 98% of total containers handles in Korean ports are handled in Puan ports. This paper presents the estimation method of annual container handling capacity of container terminals by the computer simulation models. Simulation models are developed utilizing SIMAN IV simulation package. Annual handling capacity of real container terminals such as BCTOC and PECT was estimated by the proposed simulation models. Also, Annual handling capaicty of planned or expected terminals in Puan port was estimated. The comparisons between container forecast demand and estimated handling capacity of Pusan port from 1996 through 2001 were made. It showed that Pusan port will have over two million TEU handling capacity shortage during that period and will face enormous port congestion. Lastly, mid term and long-term capacity expansion plansof container terminals in korean ports were discussed.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2006

The efficiency and effectiveness of freight transportation within and across Northeast Asia playa key role to achieve competitive advantages against other competing hubs in this area. However, the majority of local freight has been carried by ground transportation and the share of costal shipping has been decreasing for its transportational complexity and poor cargo works. In this paper, we discuss the prerequisites of efficient cargo linkage system from the perspectives of road, rail, ocean, and the service providers. Specifically, we identify that the balanced capacity of road/rail transportation system with costal freight system is a crucial component for facilitating coastal shipping. Other requirements such as the efficient on-dock container yard (ODCY), dedicated ports and ships, and the service provider of door-to-door transportation for short sea shipping are highlighted in order to secure the serviceability and availability of streamlined costal shipping. Further, we elaborate these requirements to facilitate costal cargo shipping in Korea.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.195-206
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• 1998

By the rapid expansion of containerization and intermodal transportation in international shipping since the 1970's, the larger containerships have emerged and concentrated their calls at a limited number of ports. Moreover, large-scale container terminals have been built to accommodate the ever-larger containerships, and the mordernization of terminal facilities and many developments in information technology etc. have been brought out. Thus, unlimited competition has been imposed on every terminal with neighbouring ports in Japan, Singapore, Hongkong and Taiwan etc. The purpose of this study is to suggest how the container terminal operators cope with unlimited competition between local or foreign terminals. The results are suggested as follows: First, transshipment cargoes, which the added value is high, is to be induced. Second, the function of storage is given on On-Dock Yard. Third, Berth Pool Operation System is to be introduced, especially in Gamman Container Terminal and Kwangyang Container Terminal. Fourth, the cargo handling charges is to be decided by terminal operator.