• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.15-40
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• 2008

With the explosive growth of the Internet, Internet shopping malls have become recognized as one of the major purchasing channels for consumers, as well as one of the competitive distribution channels for companies that allow them to contact with customers without intermediaries. It has motivated information systems(IS) researchers to examine the factors influencing consumer behavior and the purchase decision process in the context of Internet shopping malls. Despite the extensive research that has been conducted on the purchase decision process of consumers in online shopping malls, the results have demonstrated a need for further understanding of consumer behavior due to the unique features of virtual space and the characteristics of online consumers. Previous studies from marketing and consumer behavior domains have suggested that the concept of involvement plays an important role in explaining consumers' purchase behavior. Despite the critical role of involvement and the explosive growth of e-commerce, little research has examined the role of involvement in the Internet shopping mall context. With this motivation, this study has two research objectives. First, it introduces and tests an theoretical model capable of better explaining consumers' intention to purchase in the Internet shopping mall context. The proposed model extends and integrates existing models on purchase intention by incorporating purchase experience, innovativeness, and perceived self-control as the consumer factors, along with perceived risk, information provision, and perceived price as the Internet shopping mall factors. Second, this study examines how involvement differences may affect consumers' intention to purchase. For this purpose, two factors from involvement theory, involvement type and involvement level, are introduced into the research model as moderating variables. In order to test the proposed model, the overall approach employed was a field study using the structural equation model. We developed our data collection instrument by adopting existing validated questions wherever possible. All question items were measured with a seven-point, Likert-type scale, with anchors ranging from 'strongly disagree' to 'strongly agree.' Two IS researchers reviewed the instrument and checked its face validity. We collected empirical data for this study over a period of two weeks from subjects who had purchase experiences through Internet shopping malls. A total of 473 complete and valid responses were obtained. We carried out data analysis using a two-step methodology with AMOS 4.0. The first step in the data analysis was to establish the convergent and discriminant validity of the constructs. In the second step, we examined the structural model based on the cleansed measurement model. The empirical results partly support the proposed model and identify the moderating effect of involvement differences. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed, along with its limitations.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.99-132
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• 2007

As customer management rises by important issue in electronic commerce, virtue study about CRM have proceeded much. However, because existent researches were positive researches of most statistical base, There are some limitation that does not show dynamic change with CRM flow by flowing of time, and can not forecast propriety and future result about CRM strategy. Therefore, in order to overcome existent limitation on these CRM study, this study designed dynamic model which draws factors that compose CRM strategy of on-line shopping mall, and do based on technique in system dynamics so that can analyze dynamic change between these factors. Concretely, atomized customer focuses in the on-line shopping mall and does based on Permission marketing theory, and applied CRM of different level to atomized customers and know change of customer satisfaction measurement and discomfort degree accordingly. According to the result of Simulation practice, situation that achieve CRM strategy of different level by atomize customer more increase the customer satisfaction than situation that is not so. Dynamic pattern that presented in this study is expected that can verify validity about CRM achievement strategy of different level at each CRM point of contact & how Internet enterprise including on-line shopping mall is establishing CRM strategy reasonably.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.79-99
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• 2008

All the major ports around the world as well as those in Korea have been exploring their own strategies to survive rapidly changing marine transport environment worldwide. In particular, Busan New Port under development still fails to meet expected logistical traffic, although it operates 6 berths. That is why it is necessary to point out current challenges in logistical strategy of Busan New Port for fully dealing with logistical traffic. Therefore, this study can propose the following ways to facilitate logistical traffic of Busan New Port. First, it is necessary to apply equal tariff to incentives given to shipping agent under the associations between existing harbors and Busan New Port. Second, it is required to increase governmental subsidy for truck freight transport. Third, it is demanded to seek possible ways to transport export and import freight and thereby create independent logistical traffic. Fourth, it is necessary to contact shipping agents residing in new ports and establish a logistical program for shipping freights via Europe, Middle East and Russia as well as those by way of North America, Japan, Korea and China, ultimately making sustainable marketing strategy to create a series of continuous transshipment freight, not temporary one. Finally, it is advisable to operate networked logistical programs with small- or medium-sized overseas shipping agents in business association with large-scale overseas shipping agents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2004

Purpose : To assess perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic measure of voice quality in patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis before and after type I thyroplasty. Methods : The clinical records of patients operated type I thyroplasty in the Departement of otorhinoalryngolgy, Yongdong Severance hospital from November 2001 to November 2003 were reviewed. All patients uderwent a vocal function evaluation including perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic measures of voice preoperative and on $60^{th}$ postoperative day. The perceptual and acoustic measures were obtained from recording of patients' reading a 'Sanchak' passage. The perceptual evaluation was performed by 2 speech pathologist using a 4-point rating scale. Acoustic parameters(voice range profile low(RAL), voice range profile high(RAH), average fundamental frequency(AFX), closed quotient, harmonic to noise ratio, jitter and shimmer) were investigated by Lx speech studio. Mean flow rate(MFR), subglottic pressure(Psub) and intensity were measured using the Phonatory function analyzer. The maximum phonation time was also measured. The data were statistically analyzed. A paired t-test (p<0.1) was used to compare preoperative and postoperative results. And multiple regression test was used to find which parameter was most correlated to improvement of postoperative voice quality. Results : Among aerodynamic parameters, Psub $(88.11mmH_2O{\rightarrow}58.7mmH_2O)$, MPT(7.87sec${\rightarrow}$12.53sec), MFR (359.8ml/sec${\rightarrow}$161.06ml/sec) were statistically improved. AFx(205.5Hz${\rightarrow}$163.27Hz), AQx(23.9%${\rightarrow}$48.3%), RAL, RAH. Jotter and shimmer were improved. In multiple regression test, AFx and AQx was noted as the two meost correlated parameters to improvement of postoperative breathiness. But general grade of voice quality was more correlated to Psub and shimmer. Conclusion : Vocal fold medialization procedures effectively reduce glottic gap. Increasing of contact area of both vocal folds induced improvement in aerodynamic parameters and leaded stabilizing of vocal fold vibration. That effect results in improvement in acoustic parameters (shimmer, jitter, signal-to-noise ratio, voice range profile) and voice quality.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.19
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• pp.43-66
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• 2009

For the quality improvement on private security industry, the quality of personnel in private security should be advanced through the systematic training. If the personnel in private security provide an advanced service in applying knowledge and technique to the field when in training, they can obtain the reliability from people. With the point of this side, practical and systematic training is essential to the restoration on the private security industry. The personnel of private security face many people in the field. So they must work with an active concept that can prevent additional crime from behavior suspicions through scientific observation method and systematic inquiry method rather than negative work with providing a friendly service in the field. For conducting this concept, therefore, this study suggested the improvement training program of "Question and Research Guides" from new employee training on existing private security. The scientific observation standard is specifically suggested from the study 'people watching' of Professor Morris, D. and an act contact question from lead technique that US FBI, police, and inspection institute are taking through the feature of human act and 'METT' that is the program for emotion capture training through human minute look is going to be applied on "Question and Research Guides" training. This will provide the educational mood for students with the training content that is available for the practical training program and the real work, and will help to restore the private security industry with obtaining people's reliability through the scientific work and advanced field treatment.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.391-414
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• 2012

Despite the growth in public concern about health information, the ratio of users who can search for accurate and reliable health information sources has been found to be quite low. Public libraries, as the best contact point to general users, must provide training programs for improving health literacy so that users will have the ability to search and analyze health information, judge the accuracy and reliability of resources, and make informed health-related decisions. This study developed a health information literacy education program suitable for Korean public library users. The effectiveness of the training was measured after administering the program, and necessary improvements were identified. As a result, this study found the education program had the following effects: improved public library users' familiarity with CHI-related terms, improved users' ability to find CHI-related information resources on the Internet, and significantly improved knowledge about health-related websites and information sources. In addition, users expressed interest in seminars on a variety of health information sources in the public library and asked that CHI-related education be included in the library's regular programming. However, this research represented the first time CHI-related education for public library users was performed in Korea, and therefore many limitations were present in the education instructor, the diversity of subjects, and the methodology. Development of more advanced CHI-related education programs for users is still required.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2011

The ectopic eruption is defined as abnormal eruption which gives to displacement of the teeth and abnormal root resorption of adjacent teeth. The prevalence of ectopic eruption is reported to vary 2~6%, most of them are in the maxilla. Etiologic factors include narrow maxilla, large maxillary teeth, inclined eruption path of the first molar, retruded position of the maxilla and hereditary factor. Irreversible ectopic eruption where the second primary molar is lost often causes mesial tipping and rotation of the permanent molar, unfavorable occlusion and space deficiency for the second premolar. Ectopically erupted teeth should be treated early to maintain normal development of the dentition, harmony of facial growth and occlusal support. The method of the treatment are classified as follows : appliances that is positioned at the contact point for unlocking and the distal movement, fixed appliance that is connected to more than one tooth, and occlusion guiding method after disking or extraction of the second deciduous molar. A case report of a patient with bilaterally ectopic eruption of maxilla and mandible first permanent molar was present. Also, the patient who had experienced the chronic myelogenous leukemia, show various dental developmental complications. The ectopic eruption was treated with a Halterman appliance that was a effective way of correcting of ectopic eruption of the permanent first molar.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-68
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• 1993

The purpose of this paper is to survey the influence of the culture change on the dress and personal adornments, and to survey the change of factors from the August 15. 1945 to 1960, in connection with the social and cultural background, applying B. Malinowski′s "Theory of Culture Change" which means an acculturation is the change′s elements of the dress and its ornaments. It is remarkable that the dress and personal adornments of Korean women after August 15, 1945 has great change from the traditional dress of the thousands years. Through the Liveration on August 15, 1945, American military government and the establishment of the Korean government, American democracy has brought many changes on Korean society. Advancement of education, an society with developed economic life, and introduction of scientific skill have influenced on the women′s way of thinking and a style of behavior and the view of value. The acculturation, the supply of mass communication, introduction of new institution and the reorganization of the old institution, the change of the economic situation, the change of the educational system, the change of the point of value, the development of scientific skill have greatly influenced on the dress and personal adornments. Modern dress and personal adornments of Korean women has the following developing procedure. The Liberation from Japan on the 15th, of August, 1945, the stationing of American Soldiers during hte Koran War, returning of the oversea′s brethern, and the mass communication have the direct and indirect contact with western civilization, and bring the occasion of development of the modern dress of Korean women. The increase of mass communication, such as radio, TV, newspaper, magazines and the frequent fashion shows showed fine design and practical western style dress to the women. This was the real beginning of the western style dress in Korea. By the increase of employment and the improvement of the economic situation, the consumption of clothing and the adornments was increased, so that a wide variety of fashions was set, and numerous kind and form of dress came in. As the increase of the number of women students, their practical and free dress life demanded western style dress. After the Liberation from Japan, the open-door policy of sex, public morals and traditional ethics became lax, and in this disordered society, indecent expose of the body was common. By the different kind of technological development, the form, fabrics, colors and patterns in clothes were much influenced and the hair style, make up, shoes and adornments were much influenced too. As shown above, the change of the dress has the same connection with that of society and culture. This shows that the dress and personal adornments represent clearly the cultural phenomenon of the society and cultural change of the society.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.102-114
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• 2009

Urban discourse can be used to create a better living environment through open thinking, understanding and discussion. It raises both physical and social issues surrounding the urban environment. It can encourage the participation of citizen groups and lead the way to develop a community-oriented urban environment through inter-discourse agreement. The urban space of Cheonggye Stream has produced a wide range of urban discourse from 2003 to the present. Discourse regarding the Cheonggye Stream restoration project has been approached by fields including landscape architecture, ecology, urbanism, architecture, politics, and economics, among others. This discourse has reduced a variety of issues and ranges of debate. This study has classified these discussions into related fields and ideological attitudes, analysed their content, and interpreted their meaning. In order to examine the mutual relationships existing among these discourses by different ideological groups, an analytical framework was established byputting classified versions of discourses into a coordinate diagram. The overall topography showing the present status of Korea public awareness regarding the urban environment could therefore be determined. As a result, it was found that the disciplines of landscape architecture took a middle ground between groups with practical and radical ideologies regarding the Cheonggye Stream project and was a mediator for both poles to find a point of contact. However, participatory discourse requires the disciplines of landscape architecture to participate more actively in the discourses on urban environment and take a more active stand corresponding to the zeitgeist and people's sense of public justice.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.168-182
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• 2014

Several Sungsi Gardens were built up in Old West Village during the period of the Joseon Dynasty. Most of them were painted as True-View landscape painting. This study aims at examining original locations of representative gardens of the Old West Village by empirical investigation of related True-View landscape paintings. It seeks to demonstrate the garden landscape in True-View landscape painting by utilizing ArcGIS, 3D topographic modeling to observe geographical locations and landscape more realistically. After forming 3D topographic modeling of estimated locations of the gardens, location of objects at composition of 3D modeling similar to True-View landscape painting was found by shifting viewpoints. And by overlapping the cadastral map on the modeling, we could verify the current lot number of the garden sites. The interpretation of processes and results are as follows. In the early stage, Chungpunggye garden was built at the very end of Mt. InWang valley. The site is hidden from the outside, and appeared as 'Enclosed Landscape'. In the middle stage, Chunghuigak garden was built between Okryu-dong valley and the surrounding ridge. It appeared as 'Semi-Opened Landscape'. In the late stage, Seowon garden was built at the highest level of the ridge among the research areas. It appeared as 'Prospective Landscape'. In the last period, Songsukwon garden, was built at a point of contact of the ridge end and surrounding residential area. So it appeared as 'Opened Landscape' to the town. In other words, the location, landscape and social function of the gardens in Old West Village had been gradually opened in Joseon Dynasty.