• International Journal of Automotive Technology
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.781-790
• /
• 2007

Hybrid electric vehicles(HEV) combined with more than one power sources have great potential to improve fuel economy and reduce pollutant emissions. The Integrated Starter Generator(ISG) HEV researched in this paper is a two energy sources vehicle, with a conventional internal combustion engine(ICE) and an energy storage system(batteries). In order to investigate the potential of diesel engine hybrid electric vehicles in fuel economy improvement and emissions reduction, a Dynamic Programming(DP) based supervisory controller is developed to allocate the power requirement between ICE and batteries with the objective of minimizing a weighted cost function over given drive cycles. A fuel-economy-only case and a fuel & emissions case can be achieved by changing specific weighting factors. The simulation results of the fuel-economy-only case show that there is a 45.1% fuel saving potential for this ISG HEV compared to a conventional transit bus. The test results present a 39.6% improvement in fuel economy which validates the simulation results. Compared to the fuel-economy-only case, the fuel & emissions case further reduces the pollutant emissions at a cost of 3.2% and 4.5% of fuel consumption with respect to the simulation and test result respectively.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2016

There are only 10 projects of the domestic greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions trading scheme in building sector (i.e., 1.5% of 652 registered projects) because the certified methodologies to reduce GHG emissions can not be applied to building sector. This study presents remodeling techniques to reduce GHG emissions in existing buildings. First of all, preconditions and related regulations were reviewed. And then, a pool of factors for GHG reduction are selected and evaluated with respect to factors for reducing energy consumption. This study also investigates the criteria and the decision making process for remodeling techniques to reduce GHG emissions. Finally, the remodeling techniques using the decision making process were grouped based on redundancy of each effect. If reducing methodologies for GHG offset program can be developed using the analyzed remodeling techniques in this study, registered projects in building sector would be increase.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.77-82
• /
• 2009

Many countries have been interested in sustainable development of buildings for environmental preservation. Thus it is significant to assess building envelopes in terms of $CO_2$ emissions owing to Kyoto Protocol. In this paper, a Double Skin Facade(DSF) installed in a general office building was assessed by $CO_2$ emissions(one of the performance-based assessment). To predict $CO_2$ emissions caused by the building energy consumption, the dynamic simulation program(Energy Plus) and $CO_2$ emission factor was used. Because DSF has various airflow regimes, pre-simulation runs were conducted to decide proximate optimal airflow regimes depending on seasonal variation. It is shown that the DSF can achieve 17.1-36.5% of annual energy savings.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제52권1호
• /
• pp.119-125
• /
• 2014

총 석유계탄화수소로 오염된 토양을 정화하기 위한 토양세척공정을 부지 내 및 부지 밖 처리로 구분하여 공정 중 발생하는 환경적인 영향을 녹색 및 지속 가능한 정화 평가모델을 사용하여 평가하였다. 각 단계 별 환경부하의 상대적인 기여도를 평가하기 위해 전체 토양세척공정을 부지조성(1단계), 굴착(2단계), 물리적 선별 및 세척(3단계), 폐수처리(4단계)의 주요한 4단계로 구분하였다. 부지 내 처리 시에는 1단계에서 $CO_2$ 배출량과 에너지사용량의 상대적인 기여도가 각각 87.1%와 80.4%였고, 부지 밖 처리시에는 2단계에서 $CO_2$ 배출량과 에너지사용량의 상대적인 기여도가 각각 82.7%와 80.5%였다. 결론적으로 토양세척공정에서 부지 내 처리의 경우 1단계에서의 세척장치 제작을 위한 철, 스테인리스스틸 등 소비성 재료의 사용이, 부지 밖 처리의 경우 2단계에서의 굴착된 오염토의 운송을 위한 연료의 소비가 환경부하에 영향을 끼치는 가장 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구의 결과는 토양세척 공정의 적용 시 녹색 및 지속 가능한 정화의 달성을 위한 유용한 정보가 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제20권10호
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2019

대형 디젤 엔진에서 NOx, Smoke 등의 배기가스 저감과 연비를 개선하는 것은 주요한 개발 목표이다. 이 목표를 달성하기 위한 다양한 방식 중 연료를 분할하여 분사하는 다단 분사 전략은 주요하게 적용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 조건의 다단분사 전략을 적용하여 배기가스, 연비 그리고 연소 소음 관점에서 최적의 성능을 확보할 수 있는 조건을 확인하여 개선정도를 확인하고자 하였다. 1단 파일럿 적용 시, 단일 분사 대비 NOx 저감이 가능한 영역이 있으나, Smoke가 악화되는 문제가 확인되었다. 2단 파일럿 적용 시, 최대 NOx와 Smoke를 각각 73%, 84%까지 저감할 수 있었다. 연소 소음은 최대 압력 상승률 분석을 통해, 또한 연료소비율은 도시 연료 소비율을 계산하여 단일 분사와 비교하여 개선수준을 평가하였다. 이를 통해 15%:15% 2단 파일럿 전략 적용 시, 단일 분사 대비 NOx 32.9%, Smoke 60.4%, 연비 1.95%, 연소소음 19.3%의 개선을 이룰 수 있음을 확인하였다. 향후, 본 연구 결과를 기반으로 운전 영역을 확장하여 각 조건에서의 최적 연료 분사 방식 도출을 통해 전체적인 성능개선을 구현하고자 한다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2024

In this study, the scale of renewable photovoltaic(PV) panels and hydrogen fuel storage facilities required to achieve "net zero carbon emissions" in military facilities were predicted based on actual electricity consumption. It was set up to expect the appropriate installation size of PV panel and hydrogen fuel storage facility for achieving carbon neutrality, limited to the electricity consumption in the public sector, including national defense and social security administration in Yeongcheon. The experimental results of this paper are largely composed of two parts. First, representative meteorological factors were considered to predict solar power generation in the Yeongcheon area, and solar power generation was estimated through a multiple regression model using deep learning techniques. Second, the size of solar power generation facilities and hydrogen storage facilities in military bases was estimated with the amount of solar power generation and electricity consumption. As a result of this analysis, it was calculated that a site of 155.76×104 m² for PV panels was needed and a facility capable of storing 27,657 kg of hydrogen gas was required. Through these results, it is meaningful to demonstrated the prospect that military units can lead the achievement of "carbon net zero 2050" by using PV panels and hydrogen fuel storage facilities on idle sites of military bases.

• 한국항만경제학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.65-80
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 2014년 10월 동안 인천항만에 기항하는 선박들의 온실가스 배출량을 추정하고자 시도되었다. 온실가스 배출량 추정을 위하여 AIS 데이터를 토대로 한 Bottom-up 방식을 활용하였으며 연료소비총량과 연료소비의 결과로서 발생한 이산화탄소 총량을 함께 분석하였다. 배출량 추정은 선박의 종류를 토대로 추정되었으며 각각 개별 선박의 날짜-시간 스템프 사이에서 그들의 움직임에 따라 계산되었다. 인천항에서 운항되는 최종 330 척(AIS-데이터)의 선박 샘플의 결과에 따르면 선박들의 총 이산화탄소 배출량은 164693.06 톤으로 추정되었으며, 연구기간동안 이들 선박의 총 연료소비량은 51953.64 톤에 이르는 것으로 나타났다. 선박의 종류에 따른 구체적 분석 결과를 살펴보면, 여객선이 배출량 81409.6톤으로 가장 오염이 심한 선박으로 나타났으며, 그 뒤를 이어 예인선 (37248.4톤), 화물선 (32154.6톤), 다른 활동에 사용된 선박 (9039.1톤), 화학 탱커 (4027.06톤) 그리고 어선 (814.048톤) 순으로 확인되었다.

• 아태비즈니스연구
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.209-223
• /
• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Korea agricultural productions and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions based on Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Design/methodology/approach - This study utilized time series data of economic growth, greenhouse gas, agricultural productions, trade dependency, and energy usages. In order to econometric procedure of EKC hypothesis, this study utilized unit root test and cointegration test to check staionarity of each variable and also adopted Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) to analyze the short and long run relationships. Findings - In the short run, greenhouse gas emissions resulting from economic growth show an inverse U-shape relationship, and an increase in agricultural production and energy consumption led to increase in greenhouse gas emission. In the long run, total GHG emissions and CO2 emissions show an N-shaped relationship with economic growth, and an increase in agricultural production has resulted in a decrease in total GHG and CO2 emissions. However, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions showed an inverse U-shape relationship with economic growth, which indicated the environment and production process of agricultural production. Research implications or Originality - Korea agricultural production has different effects on the GHG emission sources, and in particular, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions show to increase as the agricultural production expansions, so policy or technological development in related sector is required. Especially, in the context of the 2030 GHG reduction road-map, if GHG-related reduction technologies or policies are spread, national GHG emission reduction targets can be achieved and this is possible to predict the decline in production in the sector and damage to the related industries.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.143-152
• /
• 2020

This study analyzes in detail greenhouse gas emissions in building sector. To this end, this study used data on building characteristics (including building type, region, and construction year) and monthly energy consumptions (including electricity, city gas, and district heat) for all buildings from 2015 to 2018. These data were collected from the National Building Energy Database and the energy consumptions were converted into greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The total amount of GHG emissions from the building sector has increased steadily from 2015 (118.1MtCO2eq.) to 2018 (132.6MtCO2eq.). On the other hand, the more recently constructed buildings had lower GHG intensities. This result shows that strengthening building design criteria was effective on the reduction of GHG emissions in buildings, and that the increased buildings contributed to increasing GHG emissions of the building sector. In addition, sales facilities are thought to have the largest reduction potential as they had the highest amount of GHG emissions and GHG intensity. This study is expected to help establish new policies for GHG reduction in building sector as well as to evaluate the effects of existing policies.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.231-240
• /
• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze air quality and carbon emissions in developing countries, particularly Myanmar, and explore the impact of transportation on CO2 emissions during peak hours relative to free-flow conditions. Method: This study conducted a traffic survey in two major cities in Myanmar to quantify carbon dioxide emissions from the transportation sector, using IPCC's tier 1 and tier 2 approaches, with statistical analysis performed using Python 3 and Microsoft Excel for comparative analysis of critical factors in CO2 emissions. Result: The result of this study is an estimate of the vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) and fuel consumption in Yangon city for the year 2019, based on data from various sources including the Myanmar Statistical data base, YUTRA project survey, and Ministry of Electric and Energy. The study also analyzes the average travel time index (TTI) for the four roads in Yangon, which indicates the impact of congestion on vehicle travel time and CO2 emissions. Overall, the study provides important insights into the transport sector in Yangon city and can be used to inform policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving traffic conditions. Conclusion: The study concludes that congestion plays a significant role in increasing fuel use and emission levels in the road transport sector in Myanmar. The analysis provides valuable insights into the impact of the sector on the environment and emphasizes the importance of addressing congestion to reduce fuel use and emissions. However, the study's scope is limited to Yangon city and Mandalay city, and some mean values may not accurately represent the entire country and other developing countries.