Korean Chemical Engineering Research

The Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers (한국화학공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Environmental Impact of Soil Washing Process Based on the CO2 Emissions and Energy Consumption

토양세척 공정의 환경영향 분석 - 이산화탄소 배출량 및 에너지 사용량을 중심으로

  • Kim, Do-Hyung (Department of Civil and Environmental Sciences, Korea Army Academy at Yeong-Cheon) ;
  • Hwang, Bo-Ram (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Her, Namguk (Department of Civil and Environmental Sciences, Korea Army Academy at Yeong-Cheon) ;
  • Jeong, Sangjo (Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Korea Military Academy) ;
  • Baek, Kitae (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonbuk National University)
  • 김도형 (육군3사관학교 건설환경학과) ;
  • 황보람 (전북대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 허남국 (육군3사관학교 건설환경학과) ;
  • 정상조 (육군사관학교 건설환경학과) ;
  • 백기태 (전북대학교 환경공학과)
  • Received : 2013.08.30
  • Accepted : 2013.10.12
  • Published : 2014.02.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study evaluated the environmental impacts of a soil washing (SW) process, especially, we compared the on-site and off-site remediation of TPH-contaminated soil using green and sustainable remediation (GSR) tool. To assess relative contribution of each stage on environmental footprints in the entire soil washing process, we classified the process into four major stages: site foundation (stage I), excavation (stage II), separation & washing (stage III), and wastewater treatment (stage IV). In on-site SW process, the relative contribution of $CO_2$ emissions and energy consumption were 87.1% and 80.4%, respectively in stage I, and in off-site SW process, the relative contribution of $CO_2$ emissions and energy consumption were 82.7% and 80.5%, respectively in stage II. In conclusion, the major factor contributing environmental impact in the SW process were consumable materials including steel and stainless steel for washing equipment in on-site treatment and fuel consumption for transportation of soil in off-site treatment.

총 석유계탄화수소로 오염된 토양을 정화하기 위한 토양세척공정을 부지 내 및 부지 밖 처리로 구분하여 공정 중 발생하는 환경적인 영향을 녹색 및 지속 가능한 정화 평가모델을 사용하여 평가하였다. 각 단계 별 환경부하의 상대적인 기여도를 평가하기 위해 전체 토양세척공정을 부지조성(1단계), 굴착(2단계), 물리적 선별 및 세척(3단계), 폐수처리(4단계)의 주요한 4단계로 구분하였다. 부지 내 처리 시에는 1단계에서 $CO_2$ 배출량과 에너지사용량의 상대적인 기여도가 각각 87.1%와 80.4%였고, 부지 밖 처리시에는 2단계에서 $CO_2$ 배출량과 에너지사용량의 상대적인 기여도가 각각 82.7%와 80.5%였다. 결론적으로 토양세척공정에서 부지 내 처리의 경우 1단계에서의 세척장치 제작을 위한 철, 스테인리스스틸 등 소비성 재료의 사용이, 부지 밖 처리의 경우 2단계에서의 굴착된 오염토의 운송을 위한 연료의 소비가 환경부하에 영향을 끼치는 가장 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구의 결과는 토양세척 공정의 적용 시 녹색 및 지속 가능한 정화의 달성을 위한 유용한 정보가 될 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Chatterjee, S., Chatterjee, T. and Woo, S. H., "Effect of Coagulant Addition on the Sedimentation of a Surfactant-containing Washing Solution Used for Phenanthrene-contaminated Soil", Korean J. Chem. Eng., 28(12), 2293-2299(2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-011-0121-6
  2. Ministry of Environment, "Guideline for Contaminated Soil Remediation Methods," (2009).
  3. ScanRail Consult, "Environmental/economic evaluation and optimising of contaminated sites remediation-method to involve environmental assessment," EU LIFE Project no. 96 ENV/DK/4090016 (2000).
  4. Yang, J. W. and Lee, Y. J., "Status of Soil Remediation and Technology Development in Korea," Korean Chem. Eng. Res. (HWAHAK KONGHAK), 45(4), 311-318(2007).
  5. Lemming, G., "Environmental Assessment of Contaminated Site Remediation in a Life Cycle Perspective," PhD thesis, Technical University of Denmark(2010).
  6. Forum USSR, "Sustainable Remediation White Paper-inte-Grating Sustainable Principles," Practices, and Metrics Into Remediation Projects, Rem. J., 19, 5-114(2009).
  7. USEPA, "Green Remediation: Incorporating Sustainable Environmental Practices into Remediation of Contaminated Site," EPA 542/423R/08/002(2008).
  8. USEPA, "Incorporating Sustainable Practices into Site Remediation," EPA 542/F/08/002(2008).
  9. USEPA, "Superfund Green Remediation Strategy, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response," (2010).
  10. Page, C. A., Diamond, M. L., Campbell, M. and McKenna, S., "Life-cycle Framework for Assessment of Site Remediation Options: Case Study," Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 801-810(1999). https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620180428
  11. Volkwein, S., Hurtig, H. W. and Klopffer, W., "Life Cycle Assessment of Contaminated Sites Remediation," Int. J. Life Cycle Assess., 4, 263-274(1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02979178
  12. Toffoletto, L., Deschenes, L. and Samson, R., "LCA of ex-situ Bioremediation of Diesel-contaminated Soil," Int. J. Life Cycle Assess., 10, 406-416(2005). https://doi.org/10.1065/lca2004.09.180.12
  13. Cadotte, M., Deschenes, L. and Samson, R. R., "Selection of a Remediation Scenario for a Diesel-contaminated Site Using LCA," Int. J. Life Cycle Assess., 12, 239-251(2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-007-0328-2
  14. Harbottle, M. J., Al-Tabbaa, A. and Evans, C. W., "A Comparison of the Technical Sustainability of in situ Stabilisation/solidIfication with Disposal to Landfill," J. Hazard. Mater., 141, 430-440(2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.05.084
  15. Hu, X., Zhu, J. and Ding, Q., "Environmental Life-cycle Comparisons of Two Polychlorinated Biphenyl Remediation Technologies: Incineration and Base Catalyzed Decomposition," J. Hazard. Mater., 191, 258-268(2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.073
  16. Suer, P. and Andersson, Y., "Biofuel or Excavation?-life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Soil Remediation Options," Biomass Bioenerg., 35, 969-981(2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.11.022
  17. Jeong, S. W. and Suh, S. W., "Assessment of Environmental Impacts and $CO_2$ Emissions from Soil Remediation Technologies using Life Cycle Assessment - Case Studies on SVE and Biopile Systems," J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng., 33(4), 267-274(2011). https://doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2011.33.4.267
  18. Cho, J. S., "Life Cycle Assessment on Pump and Treatment Remediation of Contaminated Groundwater," J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng., 33(6), 405-412(2011). https://doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2011.33.6.405
  19. Kim, D. H., Hwang, B. R., Moon, D. H., Kim, Y. S. and Baek, K., "Environmental Assessment on a Soil Washing Process of a Pb-contaminated Shooting Range Site: a Case Study," Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., in press (2013) http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1599-8.
  20. Ministry of Environment, "Standardization Report for Soil Remedial Industry," (2010).
  21. Ministry of Environment, "Korea LCI DB"(2013).
  22. Ministry of Environment, "Environmental Statics Portal"(2010).
  23. International Energy Agency, "Key world energy statistics," (2012).

Cited by

  1. A Study on Remediation Methods of Contaminated Soils at Former Military Bases vol.52, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2014.52.5.647