• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.281-304
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• 2022

Heungdeokjeon was the first pavilion built on the site of Sueocheong during the expansion of Gyeongungung. In this study, we tried to clarify the specific construction process of Heungdeokjeon, which was used for various purposes such as the copy location for Portraits of ancestors, temporary enshrinement site, and the funeral building for the rest of the body, which is Binjeon. In addition, we tried to confirm the historical value based on the characteristics derived by the history of the building and the rituals performed. Heungdeokjeon began to be built in the second half of 1899, and is estimated to have been completed between mid-February and mid-March 1900. It was a ritual facility equipped with waiting rooms for the emperor and royal ladies as an annex. The relocation work was planned in April 1901 and began in earnest after June, and it was closely linked to the construction of attached buildings of Seonwonjeon. In addition, comparing the records on the construction and relocation cost of Heungdeokjeon with those related to the reconstruction of Seonwonjeon, it was confirmed that annex buildings of Heungdeokjeon were relocated and used as annex buildings of Seonwonjeon. The characteristics identified in the process of Heungdeokjeon used as a place to copy portraits are as follows. First, it was used as a place to copy portraits twice in a short period of time. Second, it was the place where the first unprecedented works were carried out in relation to the copying of portraits. Third, the pavilion, which was specially built for imperial rituals, was used as a place to copy portraits. Since then, it has been used as a funeral building for the rest of the body, and features different from those of the previous period are identified. It was the building dedicated to rituals for use as Binjeon, and was also a multipurpose building for copying portraits. In other words, Heungdeokjeon, along with Gyeongbokgung Taewonjeon, is the building that shows the changes in the operation of Binjeon in the late Joseon Dynasty. Characteristics are also confirmed in portrait-related rituals performed at Heungdeokjeon. The first is that Jakheonlye was practiced frequently in a short period of time. The second is that the ancestral rites of Sokjeolje and Bunhyang in Sakmangil, which are mainly held in the provincial Jinjeon, were identified. This is a very rare case in Jinjeon of the palace. The last is that Jeonbae, jeonal, and Bongsim were implemented mutiple times. In conclusion, Heungdeokjeon can be said to be a very symbolic building that shows the intention of Gojong, who valued imperial rituals, and the characteristics of the reconstruction process of Gyeongungung.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.191-199
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• 2012

Rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS), one of measures for on site rainwater management, have been promoted by laws, regulations and guidelines and have been increased. However, more evaluation of economic feasibility on RWHS is still needed due to seasonal imbalance of rainfall and little experiences and analysis on design and operation of RWHS. In this study, we investigated tank capacity of RWHS to secure economic validity considering catchment area and water demand, which is affected by building scale. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the effect of design factors, cost items and increase rate of water service charge on economic feasibility. The BCR (benefit cost ratio) is proportional to the increase in tank capacity. It is increased steeply in small tank capacity due to the effect of cost and, since then, gently in middle and large tank capacity. In case of 0.05 in the rate of tank volume to catchment area and 0.005 in water demand to catchment area, BCR was over one from the tank capacity of 160 $m^{3}$ taking into account of private benefits and from the tank capacity of 100 $m^{3}$ taking into account of private and public benefits. Sensitivity analysis shows that increase of water demand can improve BCR values with little cost so that it is needed to extend application of rainwater use and select a proper range of design factor. Decrease of construction and maintenance cost reduced the tank volume to secure economic validity. Finally, increase rate of water service charge had considerable impact on economic feasibility.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.223-247
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• 2019

Makerspace is growing rapidly with government support and attention. The purpose of this study is to discuss how to operate makerspaces to meet the direction of university development and to support university education. To the end, this study focuses on (1) explored the concept of makerspace, (2) assessed the best practices for constructing and operating makerspaces among Korean and North American, and finally, (3) suggested the detail methods and precautions for constructing and operating makerspaces in Korean academic library. The data were collected from literature review, on site field survey, in-depth interviews with targeting librarians and telephone interviews, email surveys.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 1996

With the increasing esthetic requirement in orthognathic surgeries, midfacial corrective surgeries were developed to improve the paranasal depression. Augmentation with autogenous bones has long been the standard in facial reconstruction, however limited graft availability, donor site morbidity, and difficulties in 3-dimensional shaping were led to limited use. Porous high density polyethylene$(Medpor{(R)})$ was introduced in the 1970s as an alloplastic implants. It can be used in various size and shapes, and shortend operation time. The purpose of this study is to determine, by means of cephalometrics, the degree of long term stability and gaining of the overlying soft tissue thickness. The results were as followings : 1. There was no evidence of foreign body reaction, infection, and tissue necrosis. 2. $(Medpor{(R)})$ implants had an advantage of clinical use ; easy to contour and adapt to obtain a precise 3-dimensional construction. 3. Cephalometric study of 16 cases of paranasal augmentation revealed an overall increase of soft tissue thickness of approximately 82.1% in 6-months following. 4. The successful results could be obtained under the aseptic handling.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.8
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• pp.1632-1638
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• 2011

Electric cables are one of the most important components in a nuclear power plant since they provide the power needed to operate electrical equipment. Despite their importance, cables typically receive little attention since they are considered passive, long-lived components that have been very reliable over the years when subjected to the environmental conditions for which they were designed. The operating experience reveals that a defect of the insulator or poor construction causes the initial failure of cable. However, the number of cable failures increase with plant aging, and these cable failures are occurring within the plants' 40-year licensed period. These cable failures have resulted in plant transients, shutdown, loss of safety functions or redundancy, entries into limiting conditions for operation, and challenges for plant operators. Therefore, diagnosis of MV cable installed in NPPs has become one of the most urgent issues in recent years. In accordance with PSR, condition maintenance for cables is also continuously required. Recently, HFPD tests have been widely performed to diagnose cable in the transmission and distribution cable system. However, on-line HFPD wasn't used in the NPPs because of the danger of plant shutdown, measurement sensitivity and application problems, etc. In this paper, HFPD measurement with portable device was performed to evaluate the integrity of the 4.16kV & 13.8kV cable lines. The test results show that HFPD is highly attractive to the diagnosis of MV cables in NPP by high detection sensitivity on-site.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.3 s.75
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• pp.16-21
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• 2006

This paper presents a knowledge-based electrical fire cause diagnosis system using the fuzzy reasoning. The cause diagnosis of electrical fires may be approached either by studying electric facilities or by investigating cause using precision instruments at the fire site. However, cause diagnosis methods for electrical fires haven't been systematized yet. The system focused on database(DB) construction and cause diagnosis can diagnose the causes of electrical fires easily and efficiently. The cause diagnosis system for the electrical fire was implemented with entity-relational DB systems using Access 2000, one of DB development tools. Visual Basic is used as a DB building tool. The inference to confirm fire causes is conducted on the knowledge-based by combined approach of a case-based and a rule-based reasoning. A case-based cause diagnosis is designed to match the newly occurred fire case with the past fire cases stored in a DB by a kind of pattern recognition. The rule-based cause diagnosis includes intelligent objects having fuzzy attributes and rules, and is used for handling knowledge about cause reasoning. A rule-based using a fuzzy reasoning has been adopted. To infer the results from fire signs, a fuzzy operation of Yager sum was adopted. The reasoning is conducted on the rule-based reasoning that a rule-based DB system built with many rules derived from the existing diagnosis methods and the expertise in fire investigation. The cause diagnosis system proposes the causes obtained from the diagnosis process and showed possibility of electrical fire causes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.2 s.115
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• pp.113-127
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• 2006

As the local self-government are stabilized and the environmental value is becoming more important among local residents, the occurrence of the anti-movements against waste treatment facilities is getting more frequent. Opposing to build the reuse facilities of wastes takes place because of concerning of health and hygiene, as well as matters of unclear policy making process. However, these facilities must be built in somewhere for the convenience and profit of the public. The NIMBY phenomenon against reuse facilities of wastes could be a burden for the city operation system, and it could worsen citizens' quality of life in the long run. In these lights, reuse and recycling facilities of wastes in East region are necessary facilities improving citizens' quality of life and enhancing the growth of cities in the region. However, there have been concerning of deforestation during the construction process of the facilities. The landscape design presented here for these facilities considers the features of the environmental ecosystem and tries to establish a plan to preserve the natural environment of the City of Ichon. This paper presents methods minimizing adverse effects of the facilities on the existing environments and promoting the city image with integrating culture, tourism, landscape and environment of the city. The landscape design makes efforts to harmonize natural environments in the site, human activities and culture. Well-being park was aimed to lead healthy and energetic outdoor activities of local residents. Ecological park was aimed to enhance the ecological functions of the forests and restore the valley ecology. Culture park was aimed to capture the city identity by creating a place that contains all the variety of meanings of the City of Ichon.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4186-4192
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• 2012

Because wind turbines are larger and more off-shore construction due to economic and environmental factors, it is more difficult to access the wind turbine as well as the necessary parts and the maintenance costs are increasing. So, we need to minimize fault elements and to prevent a secondary accident at failure through monitoring to reduce maintenance costs and to increase reliability of operation. In this paper we have implemented ZigBee based wireless sensor nodes and network for wind turbine condition monitoring using temperature, humidity, voltage, current, wind direction, and wind speed sensors. ZigBee wireless sensor nodes signals are transmitted to a central monitoring system via routers. Also, the sensor signals are collected and processed using LabVIEW program to monitor the wind turbine conveniently. The administrators and users can monitor the condition of wind turbine at remote site in real time over TCP/IP.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.986-995
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out about unknown golf activities through sociological analysis based on the relationship between King Youngchin's life in Japan and the people around him. The following conclusions were drawn. King Youngchin was influenced by the Japanese imperial family to learn golf for the first time in 1924, and participated in golf tournaments in 1925. In 1927, during a one-year European tour, he participated in golf games in Singapore, Paris, Switzerland, England, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Italy, as well as golf course tours, golf lessons, and visiting golf ball manufacturing factories. After returning from Europe, he provided support for the site of Gyeongseong Gunjari Golf Course, construction and operation expenses. However, he did not show any special golf activities during his life as a high class Japanese military officer, and after the Pacific War, he could not find any more golf activities due to social conditions and economic conditions such as wartime restoration. There were no more golf activities due to health problems from 1958.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1303-1308
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• 2007

Recently, precast concrete tracks are replacing ballast track for efficient and economic maintenance of track. Precast concrete railroad tracks are manufactured in factory, and transported to railroad construction site for installation. Therefore, quality of precast concrete track itself should be sufficiently good. On the contrary to the convenient manufacturing of precast concrete track, the installation of a precast concrete track requires careful steps. Typically, a precast concrete track is placed on an approximately 15-cm thick lean concrete layer. A mortar is filled between lean concrete layer and precast concrete track to adjust the sloping angle of a precast concrete track for a safe train operation at a curvy section. Then, the use of filled mortarproduces a void underneath a precast concrete track, which is harmful to structural safety of a precast concrete track undercyclic loading. Therefore, it is essential to make sure that there is no void left beneath a precast concrete track after mortar filling. In the continuous resonance method, the amplitude of frequency response measured using an instrumented hammer and an accelerometer is plotted against a pseudo-depth, which is half of the wave velocity divided by frequency. The frequency response functions are measured at consecutive measurement locations, 6-cm interval between measurement points, and then combined together to generate a 2-D plot of frequency response. The sections with strong reflections or large amplitude of frequency response are suspicious areas with internal voids and unfilled areas. The 2-D frequency response plot was efficient in locating problematic sections just by examining the color shade of a visualized plot in 2-D format. Some of the problematic sections were drilled to make a visual inspection of mortar filling. The visual image of interface between mortar and precast concrete track was verified using the validity of the continuous resonance technique adopted in this research.