• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1407-1415
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• 2016

Isolation and culture of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are attractive for production of genetic modified offspring. In the present study, buffalo spermatogonial stem-like cells were isolated, cultured and expression pattern of different germ cell marker genes were determined. To recover spermatogonia, testes from age 3 to 7 months of buffalo were decapsulated, and seminiferous tubules were enzymatically dissociated. Two types of cells, immature sertoli cell and type A spermatogonia were observed in buffalo testes in this stage. Germ cell marker genes, OCT3/4 (Pou5f1), THY-1, c-kit, PGP9.5 (UCHL-1) and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, were determined to be expressed both in mRNA and protein level by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining in buffalo testes and buffalo spermatogonial stem-like cells, respectively. In the following, when the isolated buffalo buffalo spermatogonial stem-like cells were cultured in the medium supplemented 2.5% fetal bovine serum and 40 ng/mL glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor medium, SSCs proliferation efficiency and colony number were significantly improved than those of other groups (p<0.05). These findings may help in isolation and establishing long term in vitro culture system for buffalo spermatogonial stem-like cells, and accelerating the generation of genetic modified buffaloes.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.13.1-13.14
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• 2020

Currently, the systems for culturing buffalo spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in vitro are varied, and their effects are still inconclusive. In this study, we compared the effects of culture systems with undefined (foetal bovine serum) and defined (KnockOut Serum Replacement) materials on the in vitro culture of buffalo SSC-like cells. Significantly more DDX4- and UCHL1-positive cells (cultured for 2 days at passage 2) were observed in the defined materials culture system than in the undefined materials system (p < 0.01), and these cells were maintained for a longer period than those in the culture system with undefined materials (10 days vs. 6 days). Furthermore, NANOS2 (p < 0.05), DDX4 (p < 0.01) and UCHL1 (p < 0.05) were expressed at significantly higher levels in the culture system with defined materials than in that with undefined materials. Induction with retinoic acid was used to verify that the cultured cells maintained SSC characteristics, revealing an SCP3+ subset in the cells cultured in the defined materials system. The expression levels of Stra8 (p < 0.05) and Rec8 (p < 0.01) were significantly increased, and the expression levels of ZBTB16 (p < 0.01) and DDX4 (p < 0.05) were significantly decreased. These findings provided a clearer research platform for exploring the mechanism of buffalo SSCs in vitro.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국문화재보존과학회 2004년도 제20회 발표논문집
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

World state of the arts of the conservation of stone monuments is reviewed and the modern conservation program based on conservation science is proposed for the scientific conservation of stone monuments in Korea. The conservation program suggests that the site environment diagnosis, decay diagnosis, petrophysical property analysis, and conservation experiment should always be carefully studied before conservation treatment. It is an up-to-date widely accepted concept in the world of stone conservation science. Our urgent national tasks that should be accomplished for the scientific conservation of stone monuments in Korea are proposed in the following: 1) The stone monument conservation projects should be planned in accordance with 'Conservation Concept of Stone Cultural Properties' and executed in accordance with the proposed 'Conservation Program for Stone Cultural Property' based on conservation science. 2) It is proposed that 'National Institute of Conservation Science for Cultural Properties' be established for systematic conservation research on the tangible cultural properties. 3) The conservation projects of stone monuments should be executed under the control of stone conservation specialist for their quality control. 4) Special national budget should be prepared for quick development of researches on conservation science in Korea.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.627-636
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• 2020

Background: Cultivation of medicinal crops, which synthesize hundreds of substances for curative functions, was focused on the synthesis of secondary metabolites rather than biomass accumulation. Nutrition is an important restrict factor for plant growth and secondary metabolites, but little attention has been given to the plasticity of nutrient uptake and secondary metabolites synthesis response to soil nitrogen (N) change. Methods: Two year-field experiments of Sanqi (Panax notoginseng), which can synthesize a high level of saponin in cells, were conducted to study the effects of N application on the temporal dynamics of biomass, nutrient absorption, root architecture and the relationships between these parameters and saponin synthesis. Results: Increasing N fertilizer rates could improve the dry matter yields and nutrient absorption ability through increasing the maximum daily growth (or nutrient uptake) rate. Under suitable N level (225 kg/ha N), Sanqi restricted the root length and surface and enhanced the root diameter and N uptake rate per root length (NURI) to promote nutrient absorption, but the opposite status of Sanqi root architecture and NURI was found when soil N was deficient. Furthermore, increasing N rates could promote the accumulation of saponin in roots through improving the NURI, which showed a significant positive relationship with the content of saponin in the taproots. Conclusion: Appropriate N fertilizer rates could optimize both root architecture and nutrient uptake efficiency, then promote both the accumulation of dry matter and the synthesis of saponins.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.294-301
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• 2022

In our greenhouse experiment, soil heat treatment groups (50, 80, and 121℃) significantly promoted growth and disease suppression of Panax notoginseng in consecutively cultivated soil (CCS) samples (p < 0.01), and 80℃ worked better than 50℃ and 121℃ (p < 0.01). Furthermore, we found that heat treatment at 80℃ changes the microbial diversity in CCS, and the inhibition ratios of culturable microorganisms, such as fungi and actinomycetes, were nearly 100%. However, the heat-tolerant bacterial community was preserved. The 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing analyses indicated that the soil heat treatment had a greater effect on the Chao1 index and Shannon's diversity index of bacteria than fungi, and the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were significantly higher than without heating (80 and 121℃, p < 0.05). Soil probiotic bacteria, such as Bacillus (67%), Sporosarcina (9%), Paenibacillus (6%), Paenisporosarcina (6%), and Cohnella (4%), remained in the soil after the 80℃ and 121℃ heat treatments. Although steam increased the relative abundances of most of the heat-tolerant microbes before sowing, richness and diversity gradually recovered to the level of CCS, regardless of fungi or bacteria, after replanting. Thus, we added heat-tolerant microbes (such as Bacillus) after steaming, which reduced the relative abundance of pathogens, recruited antagonistic bacteria, and provided a long-term protective effect compared to the steaming and Bacillus alone (p < 0.05). Taken together, the current study provides novel insight into sustainable agriculture in a consecutively cultivated system.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2019

석조문화재는 조성된 직후부터 복합적 훼손요인에 의해 손상되거나 본래의 역사적 진정성을 잃어버린 채 현재에 이르게 된다. 원형보존과 진정성을 회복시키기 위한 다양한 인위적 개입을 원주 법천사지 지광국사탑 보존처리 사례를 중심으로 설명하였다. 지광국사탑의 보존처리는 해당 문화재의 연구와 보호에 기여하는 모든 과학적 기술적 수단을 확보한 후 진행하였으며, 지광국사탑의 미학적, 역사적 가치를 보존하고 원 재료와 원형에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 추진하였기 때문에 과도한 복원은 지양하였으며 원형보존과 진정성을 회복하는데 기여한 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1729-1737
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of the current study is to investigate the relationship between prohibitin (PHB), capping actin protein of muscle Z-line beta subunit (CAPZB), and tektin-2 (TEKT2) and sperm motility in Murrah buffalo. Methods: We collected the high-motility and low-motility semen samples, testis, ovary, muscle, kidney, liver, brain and pituitary from Murrah buffalo, and analysed the expression of PHB, CAPZB, and TEKT2 in mRNA (message RNA) and protein level. Results: Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) result showed that the expression of PHB was higher and CAPZB, TEKT2 were specifically expressed in testis as compared to the other 6 tissues, and that in testis, the expression of TEKT2 was higher than that of CAPZB and PHB. Immunohistochemistry test revealed that all three genes were located on the convoluted seminiferous tubule and enriched in spermatogenic cells. Both qRT-PCR and Western Blot results showed that the expression levels of PHB, CAPZB, and TEKT2 were significantly lower in the low-motility semen group compared to the high-motility semen group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The expression levels of PHB, CAPZB, and TEKT2 in Murrah buffalo sperm have a high positive correlation with sperm motility. And the three genes may be potential molecular markers for the decline of buffalo sperm motility.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.60-72
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• 2020

The Inscribed stones of Hanyangdoseong has been weathered for a long time because of external environment and living organisms. To establish a long-term conservation-management strategy for the inscription stones, the material characteristics of the inscription stones of Naksan Mountain Area were identified, and its deterioration state was diagnosed. Consequently, it was confirmed that the Inscription stones of Naksan Mountain Area mainly comprised coarse-to medium-grained pinkish granite and biotite granite, and, in part, comprised reddish granite, quartz porphyry, and aplite. Presently, the Inscription stones of Naksan Mountain Area, Hanyangdoseong, is undergoing a considerable decrease in physical properties because of physical, chemical, and biological weathering. Moreover, it has been confirmed that the type of damage, such as blistering, soiling, and dicolouration, on the surface shows a significantly high deterioration rate, and that conservation treatment might be required in future. In addition, because the possibility of damage recurrence is high even after the treatment, the conservation state must be regularly monitored.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2003

사적 259호 선원사지(禪源寺地) 4차 발굴에서 출토된 지류(紙類) 유물들을 분석을 하고 이를 통해 보존상황에 맞는 보존처리방법을 연구하였다. 지류(紙類) 유물이 펼쳐볼 수 없는 상황에서 가장 중요한 보존처리 과정은 유물의 분리이고, 분리는 지류(紙類) 유물의 상태에 따라 분리방법을 달리하여 연구하였다. 건조한 상태의 유물 중에서 경화정도가 약한 것은 Gore-Tex chamber를 제작하여 분리하고, 경화정도가 강한 것은 여과수를 사용하여 분리하였다. 젖은 상태의 유물은 진공동결건조방법을 통해서 분리하였다. 지류유물의 분석은 재료의 특징을 알기 위한 종이의 조사, 전자현미경과 SEM을 통한 섬유의 분석, X선 형광분석법(XRF)에 의한 글씨 재료를 분석하였다. 유물의 제작 연대를 추정하기 위하여 가속기 질량 분석기에 의한 탄소연대측정을 하였다. 분석과 보존 처리 과정을 통하여 출토 유물의 분류가 되었고, 유물의 분류는 원형을 상실한 유물들의 원형보존을 가능하게 하였다. 본 논문에서는 가장 열악한 상태의 지류유물의 보존처리 방법의 적용을 제시해 보았고, 탄소연대측정을 통하여 자료도 제시할 수 있었다.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제2권
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• pp.41-49
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• 2000

회화유물 보존에 있어서 가장 중요한 관점은 유물의 원형을 찾아 그대로 복원하는 것이다. 복원 방법으로는 전통적인 표장법을 쓰는데 이를 위해서는 X선 및 적외선 촬영, 현미경조사 등과 같은 과학적인 조사와 함께 재료를 선택적으로 사용하는 것이다. 이번 국립중앙박물관 소장 고려불화 '나한도'는 그 원형이 많이 손상되어 있었다. 따라서 보존처리 과정에 있어 그 문제점을 찾아 복원하였고, 표장 형식은 액자에서 족자로 바꾸는 방법을 택하였다. 본고에서는 '나한도'의 사전조사 내용 및 보존처리 과정을 소개하고자 한다.