• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.73-84
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the contents of the cultural heritage conservation standards those have been developed throughout the century to reveal the evolution of the conservation. The analysis targets are prepared principles in response to the risks posed by armed conflicts, improper modifications, risks caused by urban planning and development, and the risk posed by environmental impacts. The study analyzed how conservation targets, issues, and conservation methods have changed. The analysis showed that the results of changed trend of conservation, first, the segmentation and diversification of the conservation targets, second, the integrated approaches, third, risk perception changes due to indirect effects from direct risk factors, forth, changes of conservation from safeguard to sustainable development.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.147-168
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to establish the method of conservation for traditional Korean settlements, based on the field surveys on the representative traditional settlements in Korea and China. The method is approached from grasping the conservation mechanism in which non-physical aspects deeply influence physical ones. The study has analyzed the characteristics and problems in the current methods of conservation for the traditional settlements, through comparing conservation practices at the World Heritage-class settlements such as Yangdong, Hahoi, and Oeam villages in Korea and Xidi-cun, Hong-cun, and Dangjia-cun in China. As a consequence of the study, the conservation method for the traditional Korean settlements is established as follows; Firstly, the conservation targets are classified into 4 types in terms of the relations of elements; individual, correspondent, sequential, and network elements. Secondly, the conservation strategies include the structuralizations of targets, by means of sequencing and networking. Thirdly, the conservation programs are made in consideration of the sustenance, transformation, replacement, and extinction of traditional use patterns.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.53-62
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• 2005

MicroRNAs play an important role in regulating gene expression, but their target identification is a difficult task due to their short length and imperfect complementarity. Burge and coworkers developed a program called TargetScan that allowed imperfect complementarity and established a procedure favoring targets with multiple binding sites conserved in multiple organisms. We improved their algorithm in two major aspects - (i) using well-defined UTR (untranslated region) database, (ii) examining the extent of conservation inside the 3' UTR specifically. Average length in our UTR database, based on the ECgene annotation, is more than twice longer than the Ensembl. Then, TargetScan was used to identify putative binding sites. The extent of conservation varies significantly inside the 3' UTR. We used the 'tight' tracks in the UCSC genome browser to select the conserved binding sites in multiple species. By combining the longer 3' UTR data, TargetScan, and tightly conserved blocks of genomic DNA, we identified 107 putative target genes with multiple binding sites conserved in multiple species, of which 85 putative targets are novel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2021

This study was carried out to propose the functional assessment and a wise use strategy on the ecologically valuable 'village wetlands' distributed in living area in Geumsan gun, Chungnam province, Korea. The targets of the functional evaluation were 24 wetlands, selected from 123 village wetlands, where villages and agricultural lands or core ecosystems are located within living area near the wetland and wetlands with historical and cultural significance. The functional evaluation was carried out by RAM (Rapid Assessment Model) and the conservation strategies were suggested. As a result of the functional evaluation, 9 wetlands were rated 'high' (2 'absolute conservation' and 7 'conservation' strategies), 14 wetlands were rated 'medium' ('enhancement' strategies), and one wetland was rated 'low' ('restore or enhancement' strategy). In consideration of the results of the functional evaluation, interviews with village residents, and historic meaning, 6 important village wetlands were selected that require additional management strategies, such as conservation, enhancement, and restoration. 2 wetlands were from "absolute conservation" strategy and 4 wetlands derived from "conservation" and "enhancement" strategy wetlands in consideration of the ecological connectivity of wetlands, the use of surrounding land, and the function as a biological habitat. The wise use and conservation strategy was specifically proposed respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.158-170
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• 1998

In this study, we divide greenspace in Suwon city into three parts, that is, the conservation part, the maintenance part and the creation part by considering the quantitative aspect of greenspace and the present targets. To do it, two steps are taken. Firstly, assuming that the target year is 2007, the final target of greenspace area is established by combining targets presented in present state survey, the evaluation of resident perception and the future population estimates. The target of greenspace area in present state survey is 7,887,062$m^2$+$\alpha$ and that of greenspace area demanded in the evaluation of resident perception is 8,242,419$m^2$. Demand of greenspace area based on population estimates is 4,227,513$m^2$. When the greenspace needed in the city is added, the target may be more than 8,242,419$m^2$ which is demanded in the evaluation of resident perception. Outcome of the present state survey, 7,887,062$m^2$ + $\alpha$, is considered to be enough to accomodate the greenspace area demanded in the evaluation of resident perception and the population estimates. Therefore, targets of greenspace in Suwon City was established based on the area of greenspace analyzed in the present state survey. Secondly, the target of greenspace is divided into three parts, that is, the conservation part, the maintenance part and creation part. And the methods to attain the target are presented. In order to set desirable targets of urban greenspace, it is necessary to combine the outcome of present state survey, the resident perception, the population estimates and the various urban conditions. If the results of this study are applied to the urban planning or other related planning, the urban ecosystem will be protected and the biotope will be created.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.43-58
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• 2017

This study aims to provide basic understanding for evaluating the quantitative and qualitative progress of national protected areas, through the theoretical review of Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 in order to comply with recommendations of international community and to conserve biodiversity. As a result of the study, Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 sets out the specific contents that the Parties should achieve for protected areas by identifying them as temporal and spatial goals. The temporal goal, the time schedule for achieving the goal, is 2020, and the spatial goal is divided into quantitative expansion goals and qualitative improvement goals. The quantitative expansion goals present the target coverage of protected areas separately terrestrial and marine. The qualitative improvement goals include the target areas for conservation and five conservation considerations. The conservation targets focus on the important areas with regard to biodiversity and ecosystem services. The five conservation considerations mean effective management, equitable management, ecological representativeness, connectivity, and integration into the landscape and seascape for protected areas. Finally, it suggests that two tracks of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures(OECMs) should be used as conservation measures to build an integrated system. The results of this study can be applied to quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods for protected areas and it can contribute to achieve quantitative expansion goals and qualitative improvement goals for them.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.115-124
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• 2013

This study was conducted to make a biotop planning and construct 3 types of biotop by each site conditions. Three sites of different types in ecological and scenery conservation area of the Dong-gang river were selected by expert brain-storming process and constructed terrestrial biotops and aquatic biotops. Targets of 3 sites were set up such as constructing a habitat for Kaloula borealis and an ecological education place, building a terrestrial biotopes and monitoring the natural vegetation succession, and constructing a habitat for Luciola unmunsana Doi. The study results can be applied hereafter to ecological restoration projects, after construction of habitat, the priority should be prepare measures of monitoring and maintenance, hereafter continuous study on ecological restoration should be performed actively through construction of biotope and wild animals and plants habitat.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.216-221
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• 2020

Parrots are common targets for illegal trade because of their beauty and high price. Accurate identification is necessary for the prevention of illegal trade and conservation of parrots. In the present study, mitochondrial markers of cytochrome b (CYTB) gene were used to identify parrot species from Korean zoos. Totally, 27 samples were collected from Seoul Zoo, Cheongju Zoo, and Uchi Zoo. After collection, total DNA of samples was extracted and used for PCR amplification. CYTB fragments were sequenced from all samples examined. The obtained sequences were used for GenBank blast, distance estimation, and phylogenetic analysis. All species were identified using CYTB sequences that determined 27 samples belong to 13 species in 7 genera, and 3 families. Our finding demonstrated the usefulness of CYTB sequences for identifying parrot species in Korean zoos.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.101-114
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• 2001

This study analyzed and examined literature and legislation in Korean and other countries to examine the concept and sense of mapping of forest functions that would be used as basic information for efficient application and management of forest ecosystems. The mapping of forest functions in Germany has been utilized to field data for efficient work and management of the ecosystem, and evaluation of forest environmental ecology by the mapping of forest functions has been applied directly or indirectly in country management plans, conservation of nature and landscape management plans. Forest protection areas in Korea were analysed for creating a map of forest functions. As the results, forest functions could be sorted into five categories, such as conservation area of forest production, prevention of disasters, landscape and abiological natural resource, valuable biotope and ecosystem and civil recreation. The mapping method was applied to these 5 categories important conservation targets. It is considered that mapping of forest functions in Korea can be used for systematic forest works and efficient ecosystem utilization and management, as well as it use basic data for environmental and ecological comprehension and evaluation on forest and green tract of land on the level of country development and utilization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2022

This study aims to systematically review the candidate types for OECMs suitable for domestic conditions in areas related to the Korea Forest Service in order to achieve the goal of establishing the protected areas and OECMs system required by Post-2020 GBF, and to provide basic data for the establishment of the national protected areas system. As a result of the study, the selection criteria for OECMs were presented, and it was found that arboretums·botanical gardens, Natural Recreation Forests, and air holes may correspond to the Candidate Types for OECMs. As a result of evaluating the possible areas for OECMs based on the OECMs selection criteria, in the case of arboretums·botanical gardens, it is judged that only conservation areas can be designated as OECMs, except for areas mainly used by visitors of arboretums·botanical gardens that fall under the BGCI conservation type among national and public arboretums·botanical gardens. However, private and school arboretums·botanical gardens have personal property ownership, so it was judged to have no effective measures to control activities that may adversely affect biodiversity, which showed limitations in designation of OECMs. Natural Recreation Forests was found to meet the OECMs selection criteria. However, private forests have personal property ownership, which limits the designation of OECMs. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the function of in-situ conservation in order to meet the OECMs for private and school arboretums·botanical gardens, and private forests that have personal property ownership. To this end, effective measures are needed to achieve biodiversity conservation outcomes, and it is judged that legal control and corresponding support policies (incentives) are needed. In the case of air holes, for sustainable conservation, the management boundary of air holes should be clearly defined based on the preparation of laws and guidelines related to air holes. In addition, it is judged that it is desirable to designate the competent local forest office as the management authority and conduct periodic detailed surveys of air holes, establish and implement the conservation plans based on those.