DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 - Focused on Quantitative Expansion Goals and Qualitative Improvement Goals of Protected Areas -

아이치 생물다양성 목표 11의 이론적 고찰 - 보호지역의 양적 확대 목표와 질적 향상 목표를 중심으로 -

  • Received : 2017.08.21
  • Accepted : 2017.10.16
  • Published : 2017.10.31

Abstract

This study aims to provide basic understanding for evaluating the quantitative and qualitative progress of national protected areas, through the theoretical review of Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 in order to comply with recommendations of international community and to conserve biodiversity. As a result of the study, Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 sets out the specific contents that the Parties should achieve for protected areas by identifying them as temporal and spatial goals. The temporal goal, the time schedule for achieving the goal, is 2020, and the spatial goal is divided into quantitative expansion goals and qualitative improvement goals. The quantitative expansion goals present the target coverage of protected areas separately terrestrial and marine. The qualitative improvement goals include the target areas for conservation and five conservation considerations. The conservation targets focus on the important areas with regard to biodiversity and ecosystem services. The five conservation considerations mean effective management, equitable management, ecological representativeness, connectivity, and integration into the landscape and seascape for protected areas. Finally, it suggests that two tracks of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures(OECMs) should be used as conservation measures to build an integrated system. The results of this study can be applied to quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods for protected areas and it can contribute to achieve quantitative expansion goals and qualitative improvement goals for them.

Keywords

References

  1. Bertzky B.․C. Corrigan․J. Kemsey․S. Kenney․C. Ravilious․C. Besancon and N. Burgess. 2012. Protected Planet Report 2012: Tracking progress towards global targets for protected areas. IUCN: Gland, Switzerland and UNEP-WCMC: Cambridge, UK. p.25.
  2. Butchart, S. H.․J. P. Scharlemann․M. I. Evan s․S. Quader․S. Arico․J. Arinaitwe and T. M. Boucher. 2012. Protecting important sites for biodiversity contributes to meeting global conservation targets. PloS one 7(3): e32529. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032529
  3. Campbell, A.․L. Miles․I. Lysenko․A. Hughes and H. Gibbs. 2008. Carbon storage in protected areas: Technical report. UNEP-WCMC: Cambridge, UK.
  4. CBD Secretariat. 2009. Azores scientific criteria and guidance for identifying ecologically or biologically significant marine areas and designing representative networks of marine protected areas in open ocean waters and deep sea habitats. Quebec, Canada. p.10.
  5. CBD. 2010. COP 10 Decision X/2: Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020.
  6. Cho YH and Lee YK. 2010. A Study on Surveying and Improving Management of Protected Areas in Korea. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 38(1): 64-73. (in Korean with English summary)
  7. Chun JK. 2005. A Study of Alteration of Management Model upon Protected Areas in Korea. Research report to Korea Legislation Research Institute. (in Korean with English summary)
  8. Crooks, K.․C. L. Burdett․D. M. Theobald․ C. Rondinini and L. Boitani. 2011. Global patterns of fragmentation and connectivity of mammalian carnivore habitat, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366(1578): 2642-2651. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0120
  9. Dudley N, and S. Stolton. 2003. Running Pure: The importance of forest protected areas to drinking water. World Bank Publications.
  10. Dudley N.․D. Allen and K. Campbell. 2015. Natural Solutions: Protected areas are vital for human health and well-being. The Natural Solutions Series.
  11. Gray, C. L..S. L. L. Hill․T. Newbold․L. N. Hudson․L. Borger․S. Contu․A. J. Hoskins․S. Ferrier․A. Purvis and J. P. W. Scharlemann. 2016. Local biodiversity is higher inside than outside terrestrial protected areas worldwide. Nat Commun 7: 12306. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12306
  12. Harrison I. J.․P. A. Green․T. A. Farrell․D. Juffe-Bignoli․L. Sanz and C. J. Voromarty. 2016. Protected areas and freshwater provisioning: a global assessment of freshwater provision, threats and management strategies to support human water security. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 26(S1): 103-120. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2652
  13. Heo HY.Park SY․Jung YS․Cho DG․Shim YJ and Ryu YJ. 2016. A Study on the Expansion Plan for the Protected Areas by Discovering Protected Area Candidates. Proceedings of the Autumn season symposium on Korean Society of Environment and Ecology 2016(2): 52-53. (in Korean)
  14. Hockings, M.․S. Stolton․F. Leverington․N. Dudley and J. Courrau. 2006. Evaluating effectiveness: A framework for assessing management effectiveness of protected areas(2nd ed.). IUCN.
  15. IUCN. 2012. Position Paper on Protected areas, Agenda Item 13.4. Submitted to the eleventh meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
  16. IUCN. 2016. A Global Standard for the identification of key biodiversity areas, Version 1.0. First edition, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. p.9.
  17. Jonas, H. and S. Lucas. 2012. Legal preparedness for achieving the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, IDLO: Rome, Italy. pp.5-8.
  18. Jonas, H. D.․V. Barbuto․H. C. Jonas․A. Kothari and F. Nelson. 2014. New steps of change: Looking beyond protected areas to consider other effective area-based conservation measures. Parks 20(2): 111-128. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2014.PARKS-20-2.HDJ.en
  19. Juffe-Bignoli, D.․N. D. Burgess․H. Bingham ․E. M. S. Belle․M. G. De Lima․M. Deguignet․B. Bertzky․A. N. Milam․J. Martinez-Lopez․E. Lewis․A. Eassom․ S. Wicander․J. Geldmann․A. Van Soesbergen․ A. P. Arnell․B. O'Connor․S. Park․Y. N. Shi․F. S. Danks․B. Mac-Sharry and N. Kingston. 2014. Protected Planet Report 2014. UNEP-WCMC: Cambridge, UK.
  20. Juffe-Bignoli D.․I. Harrison.S.H.M. Butchart.R. Flitcroft.V. Hermoso.H. Jonas and J. Dalton. 2016. Achieving Aichi biodiversity target 11 to improve the performance of protected areas and conserve freshwater biodiversity. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 26(S1): 133-151. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2638
  21. Kil SH․Lee DK․Sung HC․Lee GG․Kim HG․Koo MH and Mo YW. 2014. Application of IUCN Category Regarding the Designation of Overlapping Protected Areas. Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment 23(2): 157-167. (in Korean with English summary) https://doi.org/10.14249/eia.2014.23.2.157
  22. Kim WJ. 2004. Ecoregion classification in Korea based on analysis of geospatial variables. Ph.D. Dissertation, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. (in Korean with English summary)
  23. Kim MS․Choi YK․Chun DY․Park JE and Suh TM. 2007. Category Classification and Systematic Management of Protected Areas for Effective Territorial Resources Management. Research report to Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements. (in Korean with English summary)
  24. Korea National Park Service(KNPS) and NEXUS Environmental Design Centre (NEXUS). 2015. A Study on the Expansion Roadmap for the Protected Areas to implement CBD recommendations. Research report to Ministry of Environment. (in Korean)
  25. Lee SJ․Lee HW․Kim CK, Hong HJ․Kim SY․Kang KR and Kim BH. 2015. Strategy and Measures to Enlarge the Protected Area in Korea. Research report to Korea Environment Institute. (in Korean with English summary)
  26. Olson, D. M.․E. Dinerstein․E. D. Wikramanayake․ N. D. Burgess․G. V. N. Powell․ E. C. Underwood and C. J. Loucks. 2001. Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth: A new global map of terrestrial ecoregions provides an innovative tool for conserving biodiversity. BioScience 51(11): 933-938. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2
  27. Opermanis, O.․B. MacSharrya․A. Auninsb and Z. Sipkovaa. 2012. Connectedness and connectivity of the Natura 2000 network of protected areas across country borders in the European Union. Biological Conservation 153: 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.04.031
  28. Pacha, M. J. 2015. Ecosystem services valuation as a decision-making tool: Conceptual bases and lessons learned in Amazon region. Internet.
  29. Park YH․Jeon SW․EUM JH․Hong HJ․ Choi HA and Byun BS. 2012. Sustainable use and management of protected areas : site-based approaches considering ecological and socio-economic factors. Research report to Korea Environment Institute. (in Korean with English summary)
  30. Pascual-Hortal, L. and S. Saura. 2006. Comparison and development of new graph-based landscape connectivity indices: towards the prioritization of habitat patches and corridors for conservation. Landscape Ecology 21(7): 959-967. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-006-0013-z
  31. Rodrigues, A. S.․S. J. Andelman․M. I. Bakarr ․L. Boitani․T. M. Brooks․R. M. Cowling and J.S. Long. 2004. Effectiveness of the global protected area network in representing species diversity. Nature 428(6983): 640-643. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02422
  32. Ryu KS․Choi JY and Shin HT. 2011. Management Effectiveness Evaluation(MEE) in Protected Areas for Forest Genetic Resources. Journal of forest science 27(3): 205-210. (in Korean with English summary)
  33. Scharlemann, J. P.․V. Kapos․A. Campbell․I. Lysenko․N. D. Burgess․M. C. Hansen and L. Miles. 2010. Securing tropical forest carbon: the contribution of protected areas to REDD. Oryx 44(3): 352-357. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605310000542
  34. Scharlemann, J.P.․E.V. Tanner․R. Hiederer and V. Kapos. 2014. Global soil carbon: understanding and managing the largest terrestrial carbon pool. Carbon Management 5(1): 81-91. https://doi.org/10.4155/cmt.13.77
  35. Shin JH and Kim CM. 1996. Ecosystem classification in Korea (I) : classification of ecoregion. KFRI Journal of forest science 54: 188-189. (in Korea)
  36. Spalding M. D.․V. N. Agostini․J. Rice and S. M. Grant. 2012. Pelagic provinces of the world: a biogeographic classification of the world's surface pelagic waters. Ocean and Coastal Management 60: 19-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2011.12.016
  37. Sung JW. 2017. Assessment of Protected Areas in Korea Applied by the Key Biodiversity Areas(KBAs). Ph. D. Dissertation, Yeungnam University, Gyeong-San, Korea. (in Korean with English summary)
  38. Sung HC․Hwang SY․Chae MO and Park ES. 2010. Basic Study on Criteria for Setting Natural Conservation Area. J. Korean Env. Res. Tech. 13(6): 1-12. (in Korean with English summary)
  39. Thapa, I. et al. 2014. Using information on ecosystem services in Nepal to inform biodiversity conservation and local to national decision making. Oryx 1: 1-9.
  40. UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. 2016. Protected Planet Report 2016. UNEP-WCMC: Cambridge, UK. and IUCN: Gland, Switzerland. p.7,30,40.
  41. Vorosmarty, C. J.․P. B. McIntyre․M. O. Gessner․D. Dudgeon․A. Prusevich․P. Green and P.M. Davies. 2010. Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity. Nature 467(7315): 555. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09440
  42. Woodley, S.․B. Bertzky․N. Crawhall․N. Dudley․J. M. Londonno․K. MacKinnon ․K. Redford and T. Sandwith. 2012. Meeting Aichi Target 11 : What does success look like for protected area system? Parks 18: 23-36.
  43. Worboys, G. L.․R. Ament․J. C. Day․B. Lausche․H. Locke․M. McClure․C.H. Peterson․J. Pittock․G. Tabor and S. Woodley. 2016. Advanced Draft, Connectivity Conservation Area Guidelines. IUCN, 28 Rue Mauverney, Gland, Switzerland.
  44. World Commission on Protected Areas(WCPA). 2017. Guidelines for recognizing and reporting other effective area-based conservation measures(draft). Gland, Switzerland.
  45. Yu JS and Kim KM. 2015. Ecoregional Characteristics of Korea for Application on Forest Landscape Restoration in North. J. Korean Env. Res. Tech. 18(6): 61-71. (in Korean with English summary)
  46. https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%95%85
  47. https://www.biodiversitya-z.org/content/centres-of-plant-diversity-cpd
  48. https://www.birdlife.org/worldwide/programmes/sites-habitats-ibas-and-kbas
  49. https://www.cepf.net
  50. https://www.marinemammalhabitat.org
  51. https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=980223&cid=42456&categoryId=42456