• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.16 no.5 s.83
• /
• pp.645-650
• /
• 2004

As time passes, bridge structures require extension work on bridge in use from various effects such as social economical, or traffic environment change. When the concrete is poured at the connection of extension work initial curing concrete is influenced by vibration of vehicles that are passing through the old bridge superstructure. Concrete at early curing stage in construction site should be properly protected, enough to have established sufficient integrity to withstand outside vibration, impact etc. Currently there is no standard specification or regulation in our country. In this paper, experimental variables were divided by vibration velocity and time of loading, and concrete compressive strength and bond strength were measured.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
• /
• 2011.04a
• /
• pp.215-219
• /
• 2011

Along with the rapid increase of the elderly population, our country is facing the elderly problem as a social issue due to nuclear family, the increase of female social activities and recognition changes about the elderly support. In this connection, the welfare services to protect the overall elderly is requested urgently and the countries which have been experiencing aging earlier than our country are studying a lot a community daycare method which delays moving of the elderly into facilities as long as possible, reduces costs and efficiently provides services in order to curtail the big burden to the national economy. As one of these solutions, there is the elderly daycare center and this can be considered to be a compromising service type to correspond to our social changes, make individual and social supports without damage to the sense of value about support. Therefore, the space for the elderly can keep up with the falloff of mental and physical functions, dementia and geriatric diseases according to aging and careful consideration about the space considering stability and convenience is required. At this point, this study has the purpose to plan a daycare center which reflects the characteristics of the elderly to protect them within the community safely and comfortably. As for the research method, case study was conducted to understand the overall situation on the space plan of the daycare center for 5 daycare centers located in Seoul and found out problems. In addition, interview research was conducted for the heads of daycare centers or social workers, care workers and photographing and drawing collection were performed simultaneously. From the generalization of the above study, a space plan for a daycare center considering the characteristics of the elderly was provided.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.568-579
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to understand and describe the hospital workers' experience related to the hospital evaluation program implemented in Korea between 2004 and 2009. Methods: During 2010, data were collected using focus group interviews. Four focus group interviews were held with a total of 28 hospital workers participating. All interviews were recorded and transcribed as they were spoken, and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Nine themes emerged from the analysis: 1) Positive change in the necessity of the evaluation; 2) Improvement in the hospital system, facilities, and human resources; 3) Unity through cooperation among departments; 4) Nursing work overload; 5) Lack of physicians' awareness and responsibilities; 6) Unfair and unrealistic evaluation items; 7) Lack of credibility of the outcome; 8) Shifting responsibility for negative outcomes to the workers; 9) Lack of pragmatic utility. Conclusion: The results of the study demonstrate that the hospital evaluation program played a key role in improving some work environments and communication among departments. At the same time, they show various negative themes resulting from the context of very authoritarian hospital systems and a connection-oriented society in Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.75-86
• /
• 2007

This process which has a connection of biofilter and sulfur-limestone has been developed to treat organic substances including BOD, COD and SS etc. and to treat sulfur-limestone is for denitrification.. The whole process consists of chemical reaction tank, sedimentation tank, trickling filter, denitrification tank The trickling filter is equipped with a reactor filled with absorptive filter, and the sulfur denitrification tank is filled with sulfur-limestone mixed media. After setting up practical facilities whose capacity is 60 tons a day, we have observed the removal efficiencies of pollutants through 60 experiments during Summer and Winter seasons. The average concentration of polluted water was BOD for 3.6 mg/L, $COD_{Mn}$ for 11.3 mg/L, SS for 2.8 mg/L, T-N for 8.6 mg/L, and T-P for 0.8 mg/L, and the rate of treatment efficiencies 96.5%, 84.7%, 96.5%, 79.2%, and 80.8%, respectively was found through the experiments. The average treatment efficiency for BOD and $COD_{Mn}$ was 85.0% and 55.7%, respectively and the average removal efficiency for NH4+-N was 84.9% in the trickling filter. The removal efficiency in the denitrification tank is as follows; The removal rate of $NO_3^--N$ was as high as 93.2% within the compass of pH 6.3 to 7.3 through $16.8{\sim}37.0mg/L$ flown into $NO_3^--N$ and $0.1{\sim}8.3mg/L$ outflown. It had observed that this process has implemented highly efficient and advanced treatment without external carbon sources and internal recycle during its process. In conclusion, this process is suitable for a sewerage in a small village due to the merits of low power consumption and easy maintenance.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.160-168
• /
• 2015

The subject of this research is to analyze the design characteristics of outdoor spaces in Good Design awarded apartment complexes in the past decade. The results are as follows. First, the overall outdoor space design theme, one of the conceptual elements, is focused on both 'nature' and 'story of various subject' that are similar to each other. Second, the case study object with the visual openness, which is secured between apartment blocks, is shown frequently in case box-shaped apartment blocks are arranged in a row. However, in case of Y-shaped block arrangement, the visual openness secured within an apartment complex is considered more important. Third, according to the result of circulation/ inner path element, the most frequently appeared inner path form is a grid pattern with straight path emphasis. While apartment complexes with the parking lot on the ground are only 3 out of 18 cases, it with circulation path for vehicle on the ground level are over 61%. Fourthly, the design characteristic of social space of physical outdoor design appears to be 'central link facility type'. In this case, the central community facilities are more likely to be combined with various functions, such as green, water, and social connection. Fifthly, in case of natural space, most of the apartment cases are shown over 45% green area ratio with wide green and water space provision. Especially, the differentiation is to provide the space where can stimulate a resident's participation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.440-448
• /
• 2007

Although the anthracite power plant is an important source of greenhouse gas, research on this type of power plant has not been conducted much. The present study investigated the entire anthracite power plants in Korea and analyzed the emitted gas in connection with GC/FD and a methanizer in order to develop $CO_2$ emission factors. The study also sampled the anthracite to analyze the amount of carbon and hydrogen using an element analyzer, and to measure the calorie using an automatic calorie analyzer. The emission factors computed through the fuel analysis was 30.45 kg/GJ and that computed through the $CO_2$ gas analysis was 26.48 kg/GJ. The former is approximately about 15% higher than the latter. When compared the carbon content factors of anthracite with that of bituminous coal, the value of anthracite was 24% higher Compared with IPCC values, the emission factors by the fuel was 14% higher, and that by the emitted $CO_2$ gas was about 1.2% lower. More research is needed on our own emission factors of various energy-consuming facilities in order to stand on a higher position in international negotiations regarding the treaties on climate changes.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2005.11b
• /
• pp.122-124
• /
• 2005

Underground distribution system is a trend due to the successive development of metropolitan area and satellite cities and the environment of the commercial and residential areas. The high quality of electricity, which is related with the minimal outage duration time due to the maintenance work for the underground distribution line, is mandatory. Hence, the construction method and tools for the outage-free maintenance construction have been required for underground distribution system. So far, all the efforts for outage-free maintenance for the underground distribution have been limited only to the survey for foreign countries situation and the theoretical provision; thus, It is required to develop the various construction method and the application tools. Differently from the aerial line, the construction of the underground cable is complicated and the insulation distance between conductor and shield should be maintained in loadmaking/breaking operation, though the apparatus connected with cable is a deadfront type. Also since the apparatus is installed above ground, by-pass of faulted area at busy area needs a variety of high technologies. Therefore, in this these, the authors introduce the development status of the loadbreak connectors, connection facilities, outage-free maintenance system for secondary side, a secondary auxiliary bushing and additional tools so that there can be more progress on this field.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.14D no.3 s.113
• /
• pp.303-310
• /
• 2007

Information system failure is various such as program test unpreparedness, physical facilities for damage prevention unpreparedness from simple software error. Although cross is trifling the result causes vast damage. Recently, became difficult by simple outside security system to solve this problem. Now, synthetic countermove establishment and suitable confrontation connected with danger came in necessary visual point about general Information Technology of enterprise. In connection with, in this paper, various informations and system and control about data that can happen information inside and outside considering integrity for IT resource, solubility, confidentiality within organization studied about special quality to model synthetic Risk Management System that can of course and cope in danger.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.209-214
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we recognize the damage caused by a disaster to a facility in the event of a large-scale disaster and present the possible disasters in the form of a matrix. The typhoon was selected as a major disaster and covered mainly the flood damage, a possible damage caused by the typhoon. Flood damage is mainly caused by flooding, and damage is determined by flooding and flow rate, and the results of applying this to low-rise facilities are derived. In addition, the results were derived by applying a method of classification of disaster types in a matrix format to make it easy to see at a glance the connection between disasters caused by damage to a facility. Continuing research in the form presented in this paper will help us identify additional disasters as an occurrence of a disaster.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.91-104
• /
• 2015

Recently, various researches for the improvement of Han-ok performance carried out. But, most of them are tend to come from the viewpoint of suppliers rather than that of Han-ok habitants. It means that environmental elements which real habitants feel are not reflected in the design of initial Han-ok design. Therefore, it is necessary that many researchers should analyze the degree of dwelling satisfaction derived from real life. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find the avaliable factors that need to be considered in the process of initial Han-ok design and construction through the analysis on the living performance satisfaction ratio of modern New Han-ok's habitants. Method: To achieve this goal, surveys were carried out in 83 Han-oks which actual habitants were living, located in 14 happy villages Jeonnam province. Following are survey items about residential environmental conditions; kinds of wall material, gap(connection joint between wall and wood columns) reinforcement or not, kinds of window, kinds of facilities around windows, kinds of heating source, heating types(single, multiple), financial burdens, selective heating or not and so on. Result: The results of this study may be used to improve the living performance satisfaction ratio of new Han-ok habitants and as a basis for the specifying the desired thermal comfort environment of dwelling.