• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.879-881
• /
• 2003

Sea level variations and sea surface circulations in the Korean seas were observed by Topex/Poseidon altimeter data from 1993 through 1997. In sea level variations, the West and South Sea showed relatively high variations with comparison to the East Sea. Then, the northern and southern area in the West Sea showed the range of 20${\sim}$30cm and 18${\sim}$24cm, and the northern west of Jeju island and the southern west of Tsushima island in the South Sea showed the range of 15${\sim}$20cm and 10${\sim}$15cm, respectively. High variations in the West Sea was results to the inflow in sea surface of Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) and bottom topography. Sea level variations in the South Sea was due to two branch currents(Jeju Warm Current and East Korea Warm Current) originated from Kuroshio Current (KC). In sea surface circulations, there existed remarkably three eddies circulations in the East Sea that are mainly connected with North Korea Cold Current (NKCC), East Korea Warm Current (EKWC) and Tushima Warm Current(TWC). Their eddies are caused basically to the influence of currents in sea surface circulations; Cyclone (0.03 cm/sec) in the Wonsan bay off shore with NKCC, and anticyclone (0.06 cm/sec) in the southwestern area of Ulleung island with EKWC, and cyclone (0.01 cm/sec) in the northeastern area of Tushima island with TWC, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.273-282
• /
• 1988

생쥐에 PMSG와 hOG를 주사한 후 난자-난구복합체의 미세구조의 변화를 환찰함으로세 난구세포의 분산현상을 규명하고자 본 실험을 행하였다. 난자는 PMSG 주사후 48시간까지 별 다른 변화가 없었고 다만 표면막에 miGrOVilli와 Coaled pit의 수가 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 PMSG-hCG주사 12시간 후에 배란된 난자의 표면은 microvilli와 coated pit가 사라져서 평평하게 되었다. 방사관세포는 PMSG주사 48시간 후메 밀착해 있던 투명대와 간격이 생기기 시작하였고, 투명대를 통관하여 난자의 표면막과 desmosome으로 연결되어 있던 세포질돌기도 퇴화의 징후를 보였다. PMSG-hCG주사 후에는 급속히 격리, 분산되고 세포질돌기는 퇴화하였으며 dermo-some도 사라겼다. 난구세포들은 대조군에서 밀집되어 있었고 거의 gap junction으로 연결되어 있었는데, PMSG주사 24시간 후에는 모양이 등글게 되고 더욱 밀집되었으며, 48시간 후에는 거의 loose junction으로 연결되었고 분산되기 시작하였다. 결국 PMSG-hCG주사 If시간 후에는 완전히 분산되었고 거의 모두 핵응축과 괴사현상을 보였다. 난자- 난구 복합체의 분산은 배란전에 PMSG에 의하여 시작되고 hCG에 의하여 촉진 완결된다는 것이 확실하다. The ultrastructural changes of the oocyte-cumulus complexes of mouse alter injection of PMSG and hOG have been investigated in order to elucidate expansion phenomenon of the cumulus cells. The oocytes until 48 hours after PMSC injection showed no change except a tendency of decrease in numbers of microvilli and the coated pelts on surface membrane. However, surface membrane of the ovulated oocytes 12 hours after PMSC-hCC injection changed to be smooth due to disapperance of microvilli and coated pits. Corona radiate cells tightly attaching to zona pe]lucida 48 hours after PMSC injection began to be detached and their cytoplasmic processes connected by desmosome to oocyte surface membrane showed a degeneration symptom. Thereafter the detachment and degeneration were accelerated by hCG injection and followed by disappearence of desmosome. The cumulus cells in control group were compacted and connected by almost 9aP junction each another. Ite cumulus cells 24 hours after PMSG injection were changed to be round form and more tightly compacted. However, the cumulus cells 48 hours after PMSG injection were connected by almost loose junction and showed the beginning of expansion. Eventuallv, the cumulus cells 12 hours a%or PMSG-hCG injection were completely expanded, and became pvknotic and necrotic in most It is clear that the expansion of oocyte-cumulus complex were initiated by PMSC, then accelerated and completed by hCG before ovulation.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.156-165
• /
• 2011

This study investigates the horizontal shear behavior of an interface between precast concrete (PC) and topping concrete(RC), and evaluates the horizontal based on the investigations by the experimental. Horizontal shear strength in connected surface is determined by the roughness an interface and the shear reinforcement or not. In this study, the main experimental parameters are the shear reinforcement types in the shape of loop-type and lattice-type, rebar spacing. A total of four specimens were shear strength tested and manufactured. As a result, the horizontal shear strength of reinforced connected surface was found to be controlled by deformation in vertical direction. Comparison of reinforcement shape, the mean initial crack load loop type specimens, the average maximum load and the junction of the average in terms of initial stiffness, respectively 33.7%, 45.9% and 55.2% were large enough. Evaluation results for shear strength equation of existing standard domestic, the loop-type reinforced 2.32 to 4.23 times, lattice-type reinforced 1.65 to 3.06 times appears to be higher. Behavior of interface or strength of structural design criteria was fairly safe side. It does not have any problems in the applied field is considered.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.511-518
• /
• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find the effect of rare earth magnet's magnetic field of to the osteoblast around the implant by the means of observation number, and distribution around the implant which is connected to the permanent magnet but not, counted and compared by the number of cells attached to the surface of the implant. Material and method: The permanent magnets, made in the healing cap form, were connected to the implant future, and placed on the culture plate, The osteoblast-like cell: MC3T3-E1 were used for cell culture. As the control group, the implant were connected to normal healing cap, and cultured in the same conditions. 48 hours later, using inverted microscope, the number and distribution of osteoblast around the implant were observed, and 72 hours later, the number of the cells attached to the implant were counted. Results: As a result, the implant connected to the permanent magnet had proved to have a more concentrated cell distribution rate than the control group. The implant connected to the permanent magnet, neck area : which has about 10 gauss magnetic force, had more cells than apex area. The implant connected to the permanent magnet had proven to attach to the osteoblast more productively than control group's implant. Conclusions: This research showed that the magnetic field of the permanent magnet affected the distribution and growth rate of the osteoblast around the implant. In order to support this study, it also had need to monitor the progress of the permanent magnet specifically shown on the neck area, which has10 gauss magnetic force. So after additional research on the distribution and attachment of the cells, and further more, on bone formation, it will be concluded that the clinical applications ,such as immediate loading of implant treatment are possible.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.1129-1142
• /
• 2006

In this paper, we estimate area of tube in a CBA(0)-space with extendible geodesics. As its application, we obtain an upper bound of systole in a nonsimply connected space of nonpositive curvature. Also, we determine a relative growth of a ball in a CBA(0)-space to the corresponding ball in Euclidean plane.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.77-89
• /
• 2002

In this paper, we define for a component $X_{0}$ of a nonsingular compact real algebraic surface X the complex genus of $X_{0}$, denoted by gc($X_{0}$), and use this to prove the nonexistence of nonzero degree entire rational maps f : $X_{0}$ Y provided that gc(Y) > gc($X_{0}$), analogously to the topological category. We construct connected real surfaces of arbitrary topological genus with zero complex genus.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.493-507
• /
• 2013

We construct a new family of simply connected minimal complex surfaces of general type with $p_g$ = 1, $q$ = 0, and $K^2$ = 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 using a $\mathbb{Q}$-Gorenstein smoothing theory.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.1069-1105
• /
• 2001

Regular maps and hypermaps are cellular decompositions of closed surfaces exhibiting the highest possible number of symmetries. The five Platonic solids present the most familar examples of regular maps. The gret dodecahedron, a 5-valent pentagonal regular map on the surface of genus 5 discovered by Kepler, is probably the first known non-spherical regular map. Modern history of regular maps goes back at least to Klein (1878) who described in [59] a regular map of type (3, 7) on the orientable surface of genus 3. In its early times, the study of regular maps was closely connected with group theory as one can see in Burnside’s famous monograph [19], and more recently in Coxeter’s and Moser’s book [25] (Chapter 8). The present-time interest in regular maps extends to their connection to Dyck\`s triangle groups, Riemann surfaces, algebraic curves, Galois groups and other areas, Many of these links are nicely surveyed in the recent papers of Jones [55] and Jones and Singerman [54]. The presented survey paper is based on the talk given by the author at the conference “Mathematics in the New Millenium”held in Seoul, October 2000. The idea was, on one hand side, to show the relationship of (regular) maps and hypermaps to the above mentioned fields of mathematics. On the other hand, we wanted to stress some ideas and results that are important for understanding of the nature of these interesting mathematical objects.

• Journal of KIBIM
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 2018

There exists no precedented case of quantity take-off, using parametric modeling, from BIM-based irregular structures. Civil 3D provides earthwork quantity take-off based on surface modeling. Generally, designers should enter data into the specification additionally after extracting quantity estimation from earthwork modeling design. The objective of this report is to suggest the method from quantity take-off to specification of BIM-based earthwork quantities. We intend to investigate earthwork take-off method by Civil3D and explain why parametric information extraction is required for quantity estimation and specification and how information of earthwork quantity based on solid and surface modeling is connected to open quantity take-off module. It is highly expected that this suggestion would be the practical methodology of earthwork quantity take-off and specification in the field of civil engineering.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.40-46
• /
• 1995

This study concerns the design and development of the non-vibrating capacitance probe which could be used as a non-contact sensor for tribological wear. This device detects surface charge through temporal variation in the work function of a material. Experiments are performed to demonstrate the operation of the probe on a roating aluminum shaft. The reference electrode of the probe, made of lead, is placed adjacent (< 1.25-mm distance) to the shaft. Both surfaces which are electrically connected, form a capacitor. An artificial spatial variation in the work function is imposed on the shaft surface by coating a segment along the shaft circumference with a colloidal silver paint. As the shaft rotates, the reference electode senses changing contact potential difference with the shaft surface, owing to compositional variation. Temporal variation in the contact potential difference induces a current through the electrical connection. This current is amplified and converted to a voltage signal by an electoronic circuit with an operational amplifier. The magnitude of the signal decreases asymptotically with the electrode-shaft distance and increases linearly with the rotational frequency. These results are consistent with the theoretical model. Potential applications of the probe on wear monitoring are proposed.