• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2011

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to describe the relationship of mothers' parenting attitude as perceived by the child to self-esteem, and school adjustment of school age children with Tetrology of Fallot (TOF). Methods: In this study a self-administered questionnaire survey was used to collect the data. The participants included 38 children who were registered in a pediatric cardiology clinic in one tertiary medical center. Their ages were between 11 and 15 years. They were diagnosed with TOF, and had no other congenital problems. Data were collected from November 1 to November 30, 2009. After obtaining telephone consent from the mothers and children, questionnaires were mailed to 64 participants and 38 questionnaires were returned. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) WIN 15.0 version. Results: There was a significant correlation between perceived parenting attitude, self-esteem, and school adjustment of children with TOF. Conclusion: Children who perceive their mothers' parenting attitude to be more positive also report higher self-esteem and better school adjustment. These findings are similar to other studies done with healthy school age children. However, parents of children with TOF may require different parenting approaches to foster positive self-esteem and school adjustment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.257-261
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• 2000

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula can occur in a variety of clinical situations including liver diseases, infections, metastatic carcinomas, systemic disorders, and after the palliation of congenital heart diseases. A 72-day-old male infant with Tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia underwent surgical correction without difficulty. However, ventilator weaning in the ICU failed initially because of an unexplained postoperative hypoxemia(FiO2: 0.8, PaO2: 40 mmHg, SaO2: 80∼90%). Postoperative follow-up lung perfusin scan at postoperative 15 days showed right-to-left shunt(33.6%) and ventilator weaning was performed on the 20th day after the operation (FiO2: 0.4, PaO2, 50mmHg, SaO2: 86.9%). Arterial oxygen saturation under room air was 80∼85% at 7 months postoperatively. One and half year follow-up lung perfusion scan showed decreased amount of right-to-left shunt (11.2%). We report a case with a review of the literatures.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2016

목적: 선천성 심장병을 가진 소아와 성인에서 발생한 감염성 심내막염의 차이점을 찾아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2000년 1월부터 2016년 5월까지 선천성 심장병이 있으면서 심내막염으로 입원 치료를 받은 소아 14예와 성인 11예를 대상으로 의무기록을 검토하였다. 결과: 소아는 모두 심내막염을 진단받기 전에 선천성 심장병을 진단받았고, 팔로사징이 가장 많았다. 성인은 4예만 선천성 심장병을 심내막염 전에 진단받았고, 심실중격결손이 가장 많았다. 심내막염 진단전 소아 6예, 성인 2예가 개심 교정 수술을 받았다. 원인균은 소아에서는 포도알균, 성인에서는 사슬알균이 가장 많았다. 증상 발현 후 심내막염이 진단되기까지 소아는 9일, 성인은 42일이 걸렸다. 결론: 소아 감염성 심내막염은 성인에 비해 진단과 경과에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 따라서, 감염성 심내막염의 진단과 치료에는 나이에 맞고, 체계적인 재평가가 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2000

Background: TNF-$\alpha$ plays a major role in producing left ventricular dysfunction cardio-myopathy pulmonary edema and inhibits the compensatory mechanism of congestive heart failure. IL-6 is an acute reactant of immune reaction and also known to control immune reaction but its function in the myocyte was not clearly investigated. Author's performed this experiment to investigate the contents of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 on the assumption that TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 may reside in nonfailing heart that has gone cardiac surgery and play some role in cardiac function. Material and Method : Right auricular tissues were sampled from 12 patients who had undergone total corrective surgery for both congenital and acquired heart diseases from January 1998 to June 1998 in Kosin Universcfy Gospel hospital. The quantitive analysis of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 were assessed by ELISA method in right auricular tissue. Hemodynamic values about the pressure of ventricle atrium aorta pulmonary artery and cardiac index pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output were measured by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization and biochemical analyses of LDH & AST were done before operation. statistical analysis was by Paired Student t-test. Patients were divided into children(under 15 years olds) and adults groups and the data was compared beween two groups. Conclusion: Mild pulmonary hypertension and increased pulmonary vascular resistance were existed in both group. The contents of tissue TNF-$\alpha$ IL-6 in each group were independent of each data.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.72-75
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• 2004

단심실성 심장기형의 교정방법으로 Fontan 수술이 행해지지만 이 수술의 위험요소를 가진 대상군에서는 고식적 수술을 시행한 후 단계적으로 Fontan 수술을 시행하는 것이 보편적이다. Fontan 수술의 시기는 고식적 수술 후 감소한 수술 위험요소와 고식적 수슬상태의 지속에 의하여 증가하는 위험 요소를 재평가한 후 결정되며, 고식술 후 비교적 조기에 시행되는 것이 보통이다. 국립의료원에서는 36세 성인 단심실증 환자에서 과거에 단방향성 Glenn 수술을 시행하고 17년 후에 완전 Fontan 수술로 전환한 증례가 있어 보고하고자 한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.650-655
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• 1994

The author analyzed 99patients with VSD weighting less than 10kg of body weight who underwent surgical correction from 1981 to 1992 at cardiovascular department of Hanyang University hospital. Patients occupied 29.3% of total cases who were underwent surgical corrections for congenital heart diseases during that time. Of the 99 patients, 51 patients were male [52%] and 48 patients[48%] were female. Age ranged from 28 days to 36 months with mean age of 13.6 months. Mean body weight was 7.53kg. According to Kirklin`s anatomical classification, type II defect was most common [61.6%]. Associated anomaly was found in 48 patients [48.5%]. Patent foramen ovale was most commonly associated cardiac anomaly [14.1%] and followed by atrial septal defect [12.1%], patent ductus arteriosus [10.1%]. Cardiac catheterization data were analyzed. The most common range of Qp/Qs, Rp/Rs, Pp/Ps were above 3.0, 0.1 - 0.25, and above 0.75 respectively. Among the indications of surgical correction, there were pulmonary hypertention in 69 patients, congestive heart failure in 44 patients, frequent respiratory infection in 47 patients, growth retardation in 33 patients. The most common surgical approach and method for VSD closure were right atriotomy[48.3%] and dacron patch closure[93.3%]. Complication rate was 13.1% [13 cases], and overall mortality was 17.1% [17 cases]. The cause of death consisted of low cardiac output syndrome[11 cases], acute renal failure[3 cases], sepsis[2 cases] and pulmonary insufficiency[1 case] in order of frequency.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2018

Background: Early extubation after cardiovascular surgery has some clinical advantages, including reduced hospitalization costs. Herein, we review the results of ultra-fast-track (UFT) extubation, which refers to extubation performed on the operating table just after the operation, or within 1-2 hours after surgery, in patients with congenital cardiac disease. Methods: We performed UFT extubation in patients (n=72) with a relatively simple congenital cardiac defect or who underwent a simple operation starting in September 2016. To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of our recently introduced UFT extubation strategy, we retrospectively reviewed 195 patients who underwent similar operations for similar diseases from September 2015 to September 2017, including the 1-year periods immediately before and after the introduction of the UFT extubation protocol. Propensity scores were used to assess the effects of UFT extubation on length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU), hospital LOS, and medical costs. Results: After propensity-score matching using logistic regression analysis, 47 patients were matched in each group. The mean ICU LOS ($16.3{\pm}28.6$ [UFT] vs. $28.0{\pm}16.8$ [non-UFT] hours, p=0.018) was significantly shorter in the UFT group. The total medical costs ($182.6{\pm}3.5$ [UFT] vs. $187.1{\pm}55.6$ [non-UFT] ${\times}100,000$ Korean won [KRW], p=0.639) and hospital stay expenses ($48.3{\pm}13.6$ [UFT] vs. $54.8{\pm}29.0$ [non-UFT] ${\times}100,000KRW$, p=0.164) did not significantly differ between the groups. Conclusion: UFT extubation decreased the ICU LOS and mechanical ventilation time, but was not associated with postoperative hospital LOS or medical expenses in patients with simple congenital cardiac disease.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.368-372
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• 1999

배경: 선천성 심장 질환에서의 최소 피부 절개에 대한 보고는 매우 적다. 저자등은 수술상처를 최소화하면서 통상적인 수술수기 및 시야를 확보할 수 있는 방법을 고려하였다. 대상 및 방법: 저자등은 1997년 4월부터 1997년 9월까지 선천성 심장 질환 환자 40명을 대상으로 최소 피부 절개술과 정중 전 흉골 절단을 통해서 개심술을 시행하였다. 환자 질병 분포는 성인 환자가 5명(남:여=1:4)이며 이중, 심방 중격 결손증 3명, 심실 중격 결손증 1명, 부분 심내막상 결손증 1명이었고, 소아 35명(남:여=17:18)에서는 심방 중격 결손증 4명, 심실 중격 결손증 30명, 발살바 동맥류 1명이었다. 정중 피부 절개는 흉골 두번째 늑간하부에서 검상돌기 1~2cm상방까지 실시하였다. 흉골 하부 절단에는 일반 전기톱을, 흉골 상부 절단에는 특수 전기톱을 피부 밑에 삽입하여 전장의 흉골을 절단하였다. 그리고, 흉골 견인은 좌우 & 상하 양방향에 2개의 견인기를 각각 직각으로 거치하여 수술시야를 확보하였다. 결과: 흉골길이대비 피부절개의 길이는, 성인에서는 55.0$\pm$3.5%로 절개길이가 평균 12cm(10~13.5cm)였고, 소아에서는 63.1$\pm$3.9%로 평균 7.3cm(5.2~11cm)였다. 모든 증례에서 체외 순환시 필요한 동정맥 삽관을 추가적인 서혜부 피부 절개 없이 직접 대동맥 및 상하공 대정맥에 시행할 수 있었으며 좌심방벤트관은 필요시 삽입하였다. 전 례에서 수술사망이나 합병증은 발생하지 않았으며, 최소 피부 절개술에 따른 창상 감염 및 피부 괴사, 혈종 형성, 출혈에 의한 합병증은 없었다. 결론: 이상의 결과로 최소 피부 절개술과 정중 전 흉골 절개를 이용한 선천성 심장 질환 수술은, 통상적인 체외 심폐 순환을 할 수 있으며, 외관상 미용의 효과가 뚜렷하였고, 다양한 선천성 심질환에서 안전하고 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 1982

A Clinical study was carried out to observe changes in concentration of serum and urinary potassium during and after open-heart surgery under extracorporeal circulation with Heart-Lung-Machine. The patients studied in the present work included eight cases of congenital heart anomalies and seven cases of acquired valvular diseases of the heart. Blood and urine samples were collected at intervals of 30 minutes during open-heart surgery and at intervals of 8 hours until 48 hours after the operation to determine concentration of serum and urinary potassium. 1.While the concentration of urinary potassium was not changed during the operation, the concentration of urinary potassium was rapidly increased after the operation. Eight hours after the operation, the concentration of urinary potassium was increased to the highest value of 86.97±43.96 mEq/L and was gradually decreased thereafter. The concentration of urinary potassium, however, still remained elevated even 48 hours after the operation, the concentration being greater than preoperative state by 19.90 mEq/L. 2.The concentration of urinary potassium after the operation was higher in the group who went through 90 minutes of extracorporeal circulation [$108.71{\pm}94.71mEq/L$] than in the group who went through 60 minutes of extracorporeal circulation [$86.58{\pm}50.87mEq/L$]. The Increased level of urinary potas-sium observed In the group who went through 90 minutes of extracorporeal circulation continued for longer period of time as compared with that in the group who went through 60 minutes of extracorporeal circulation. 3.The increased level of urinary potassium was observed in the both groups of patients with or without diuretics plus digitalis therapy. However, the increased level of urinary potassium appeared to con-tinue for longer period of time in the group of patients receiving diuretics plus digitalis therapy prior to the operation than in the group of patients receiving no diuretics plus digitalis therapy.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.443-455
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• 2011

Neonatal mortality rate (NMR) or infant mortality rate (IMR) are the rate of deaths per 1,000 live births at which babies of either less than four weeks or of one year of age die, respectively. The NMR and IMR are commonly accepted as a measure of the general health and well-being of a population. Korea's NMR and IMR fell significantly between 1993 and 2009 from 6.6 and 9.9 to 1.7 and 3.2, respectively. Common causes of infantile death in 2008 had decreased compared with those in 1996 such as other disorders originating in the perinatal period, congenital malformation of the heart, bacterial sepsis of newborns, disorders related to length of gestation and fetal growth, intra-uterine hypoxia, birth asphyxia. However, some other causes are on the increase, such as respiratory distress of newborn, other respiratory conditions originating in the perinatal period, other congenital malformation, diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism. In this study, we provide basic data about changes of NMR and IMR and the causes of neonatal and infantile death from 1983 to 2009 in Korea.