• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.55-60
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• 2002

This article is to review the concepts of Confucian Utopia in Chosun Dynasty by looking into a sample of Daksil Village in Bongwha area. Here are some of the investigation. 1. The spatial composition entities of Daksil Village are both Confucian and Tao elements. 2. The whole views are made up by placing the Taoist View(gardens) into the Confucianist view(village and Seowon) and by placing the Confucianist view(summer house) into the Taoist view(Valley view of Seokcheonjeong). Two worlds are integrated into one by including each other. 3. According to the theory of geomancy(fang-shui), Daksil has the shape of ‘Geum-Gye-Po-Ran (Golden chicken embracing eggs)’, which is considered to be a land of fortune. Conclusively, Confucianists in Chosen Dynasty adopted fang-shui details when they built a residence, while they put much importance on Confucian and Tao elements. Moreover, it is found in the records that “It is a good place to start a village if there are mountains and water near the residence.” The fact that Daksil village is located at a day's distance from Seowon-Seokcheonjeongsa-Village-Jaesil-Grave proves that the residential village is set at an ideal place.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2018

This study, targeting Deokbongmaeul, Choonchonmaeul, Hyodongmaeul and Kangsanmaeul, drew the characteristics of history culture resource utilization through the analysis of project plans and performance reports and field surveys. First, Deokbongmaeul is a rural village with scattered Confucian facilities. Ipsanmaeul conforms to Confucian order and has an attractive housing area landscape. Hoechonmaeul has forest landscape and distinguishing intangible recourses like Maeji farmer's music and traditional techniques and legends. Hyodongmaeul shows folk resources and folk behavior like traditional play and techniques. Second, the history culture resources chosen from the project plans focus on intangible history resources like individual historic buildings & structures and customs & traditional techniques. Third, cultural historic village projects are categorized by repair and restoration of historic buildings and structures, development of experience program and building facilities and maintenance and establishing the village landscape elements. From the research results, it is explained that history culture resource utilization methods of cultural historic village project are hard to be expected to have the project results based on the landscape identities of four villages.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.77-84
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to interpret Landscape of Naeap Village which still preserves the Confucian culture and the traditional clans among the ideally settled villages mentioned in Joong Hwan Lee's "Taengniji" and "Joseon's Fengsui" from the time of Japanese Imperial Rule, from CPTED principles. The following are the findings of this study: First, in terms of access control and zoning, Naeap Village was controlling access from the outside with the natural environment of Banbyeoncheon River and the hills surrounding the village, the artificial environment of human-scale walls around the head house and the dead ends, and the reformation by the Confucian ideologies. Naeap Village, in particular, is prominently configured by the hierarchy of zones; the Gaehosong pine trees, Gyeongpodae, and Naeapssu by the entrance to the village are considered the village itself and the landscapes and valleys are managed by the head house. Second, the Confucian culture across the village, the traditional vegetation method that does not hide the visibility, and the workers in the farms allow natural monitoring. The surrounding visibility is also applied to the spirit of mutual cooperation in the farming society, the culture of commoners at the common well and laundry site, and the culture of ruling class at the towers and pavilions. Third, Traditional villages show the efforts to preserve and maintain the villages with the village rules, the organizational decrees of the clan, and active response to national disasters.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.59-66
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• 2006

The subject village of our study has numerous tourist attractions around it, and possesses various Confucian cultural heritages. The purpose of this study is to investigate public space improvements of a village possessing abundant historical and cultural heritages that has turned into a experience-tour village. As for the research method, cultural and social characteristics of the village were identified. In addition, infrastructures were classified by livelihood based infrastructure, tour based infrastructure, and agriculture based infrastructure in order to analyze individual public space improvement cases. As a result, it was found that public space improvements of the village improved the educational facilities and tour resources using historical resources. In addition, it was found that public spaces for residents to get along with tourists(who are willing to experience the village) were created.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2023

This study investigated and analyzed the village space and architectural characteristics of Eoeun Village, Samgye-myeon, Imsil-gun, Jeonbuk. The space of the village was formed based on the idea of feng shui, and the Confucian hierarchical idea determined the location, size, and structure of the building. Recently, clan villages in rural areas have been dismantled and damaged due to population outflow and urbanization. In this situation, Eoeun Village, which preserves the traditional space and residential form at the time of the village's creation, is considered to be worth preserving and studying.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.39
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• pp.175-214
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• 2021

In the Joseon Dynasty, Confucian literati sacralized their daily lives through ritual practices across the three dimensions of time, place, and humanity. 1) In the dimension of time, they cultivated in their personal lives by accepting and thoroughly practicing the ethical principles of the Elementary Learning (『小學』). These practices of self-cultivation developed into ritualized practices of daily routine from the perspective of neo-Confucianism. 2) In the spatial dimension, local public schools (鄕校), local private academies (書院), and village private schools (書塾) were constructed as the symbolic places for disseminating Confucian norms through intensive seminar activities and collective learning sessions (講會). These places were also used for the pious recitations of selected Confucian proverbs that had been ritualized by Confucian literati. 3) In the dimension of humanity, pious consciousness, reinforced by the ritualized practice of periodic sacrifices or intensive reading, was subconsciously deepened and projected onto dreams individuals reported of their deceased fathers or teachers. According to the Confucian ritualization process, people were seen as being able to sanctify their daily lives by thoroughly internalizing and effectively realizing Confucian values.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.82-94
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• 1999

According to Korean's geographical features of Taek Li Ji, the best location for human settlements is on the vicinity of a stream among a stream, an river and a sea, and not far from a ridge. The researcher chose one of best village which is called Yougokmaeul in Bonghwa-Gun, Kyungsang-Do. This village was created a gathering village with the same surname, can be translated as a hen and the front mountain can be seen as a rooster in the view of the shape of geographical features. As it were, the shape of this village and the cultivated land seems to be an egg inside a nest of a parent's chicken in the respect of the analogy of the theory of P'ungsuchiri which is known as Feng Shui in China and geomancy in the western world, and to effect the defensive psychology of the living environment in the terrain inland. This village is the studying place, Suckchunjungsa as the lecturing and studying place for their following students within the Chunghadonchun, the studying Yougok village, and even the ritual place performing ancestral sacrifices and the first incoming ancestor's graves in the same geographical system. The house site of the first incoming resident is surrounded the countian and is located in the front of Backsulryount which is the main mountain through Moonsu-san in the branch mountain of Korean's mountain system. Backsulryoung which is to be seen as the white peak, is symbolized the head of a hen which is to relate to a mysterious turtle in the view of P'ungsuchiri. And the pavilion which is called Chungamjung is sited on the rock of a shape of turtle which is symbolized to live longer. In the section of the mountain and water, Lee Jung Hwan mentioned a living place near the mountain stream is the best residential area and a landscape which is composed by a stream between mountains make a pleasure spirit and a bright feeling and make a refined person. If one can reach in the graceful mountain make a pleasure split and a bright feeling and make a refined person. If one can reach in the graceful mountain half day away, this kind of place must be a best living residential area to live. But this village was structured all in one place. And one of the ideas tangibly reflected in traditional Korean society's view of life and nature is the seclusion based on the Taoism. This kind of a dreamy thoughts make a dream to keep the paradise in our ancestors' mind. This kind of utopia is Chunghadonchun which is structured 5 aspects from the utopian gate near the Samgaesuewon to the village. These 5aspects is expressed by some Confucian thoughts as a small cosmos individually. On the third aspects which is the center among these aspects, the Suckchunjungsa which was made a seclusion place to devoting himself to his studies with refined tastes. The word of Jiju-am, Gangpung-dae, Jaewol-dae and Biryoung-pock are all expressed to cultivate one's moral character and to seek the truth by the Confucius'theory through the nature.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.9 no.3 s.24
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• pp.37-49
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• 2000

Jeong-Gak is one of the Confucian architecture in Cho-Sun Dynasty. This study is founded on the architectural characteristics and the Confucian order of Jeong-Gak. The Cho-Sun Dynasty had put in operation positive Jeong-Pyo Policy for diffusion Confusion ethics and educate the people. Prize methods of Jeong-Pyo Policy are Jeong-Ryeo, Jeong-moon, remit corvee, present a post and present goods. Jeong-Moon and Jeong-Ryeo is red gate. Vocabularies of Jeong-Moon and Jeong-Ryeo have used mixing but I think that both meaning is different essentially each other. The red gate that elected in front of gate or gateway is Jeong-Moon and another red gate that elected an entrance a village is Jeong-Ryeo. Jeong-Moon and Jeong-Ryeo have no roof, so they are many problem for maintenance and management. Accordingly Jeong-Gak come out from the reign of King Jung-Jong because shelter of Jeong-Moon and Jeong-Ryeo. The function of the Jeong-Gak is shelter of the Jeong-Moon and Jeong-Ryeo, encouragement of Sam-Gang(三綱) ethics, and ostentation of a family. Besides it has a monumental characteristic. It has been distributed the whole country land that Jeong-Gak is closely related with the community of same family (rural community) the latter period of the Cho-Sun Dynasty. The architectural particularity of the Jeong-Gak is brilliance of building materials as compared with different Confucian architecture and appearance of various architectural type. It is that a type of Jeong-Gak appeared Jeong-Ryeo-Gak type, a lofty gate type, and Stone Jeong-Ryeo type. And there are keeping a rule that is to say Confucian order clearly.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.195-204
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• 2004

This study was carried out to understand the architectural characteristics of farmhouse among the commons house. The subject of study are selected the seventeen farmhouse built 50-60 years ago at Hyunri in Munkyung. It was analyzed and classified the architectural characteristics of plan and arrangement at a farmhouse. In conclusing, their farmhouses are appeared the different characteristics in comparison with other area. With the arrangement of building and composition of plan, it was discovered that it connotes an idea of the confucian ideas from separation of the inside and outside space; men and women. Also, it was found that it has become to the rational separation of spaces from location of entrance, division of the outside space(Madang) and arranged space of inside at farmhouse.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.13 no.1 s.37
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• pp.35-51
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• 2004

The object of this study is upper class house in Yang-dong village with the purpose of spatial-sociological study of traditional Korean architecture. Space is the basic element of architecture and is fundamental for understanding architecture. Space, however, can be better understood through its social context rather than through its physical or psychological attributes. Space exists in a society, providing the physical environment which frames it Social environment affects the thoght of people who are members of that society. Space is built by the people in a society and is affected by their thought. Spatial-sociological study can explain a mutual relation between people and space through context. It defines characteristics of space based on mutual relations which exist among the people, the culture of society and the environment of society but also having a sociological component, study of architectural space should consider the social context. Since architectural space is built on social and cultural bases, to understand it requires various methods of study Spatial-sociological analysis is one alternative. Using space syntax, this study analyzes houses in Yang-dong village by not only defining attributes of individual houses, but also common attributes of houses in the village. Based on common attributes of houses in the village, the attributes of Yang-dong village houses can be re-defined within the social context. the results from a spatial-sociological analysis of upper class housing of the Yang-dong village are as follows; (1) Related to confucian ideas in Chosun Dynasty : A house has a dualistic center organized with 'an-chae' and 'sarang-chae'. 'an-chae' space is organized unsociably from outside. (2) Related to various space pattern of Yang-dong village House in the Chosun Dynasty period :As variations in the types of space pattern, the village house exhibit different attributes.