• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2010

Purpose: It is not always easy to determine the existence of tendon injuries when it comes to patients with finger lacerations. Thus, we tried to find the difference in effectiveness and in compliance of patients when we employed two different types of diagnosis, conventional gross confirmation and ultrasonographic confirmation. Methods: From December 2009 to March 2010, we enrolled 14 patients with finger tendon injury at Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital. The median age of the patients was $35.9{\pm}14.4$, and the ratio of females to males was 1:2.5 We evaluated the compliance of each patient by measuring four different categories (level of cooperativeness in showing their wound and in following the instructions, level of movement of their fingers during the diagnosis and total number of attempts to diagnose) by using a score from 1 to 3 for each category, for a total possible score of 12 for each patient. We also measured the painfulness of each patient by using a score of 1 to 10 and the time required for each diagnosis. Results: The levels of patients' compliance was $8.9{\pm}2.1$ when diagnosed with gross confirmation and $9.8{\pm}2.1$ when diagnosed with ultrasonographic confirmation (p value=0.042). The pain score of the patients was $3.7{\pm}1.7$ with gross confirmation and $2.9{\pm}1.2$ with ultrasonographic confirmation (p value=0.020). The median duration of time in each test was $6.7{\pm}4.8$ minutes with gross confirmation and $10.5{\pm}4.2$ minutes with ultrasonography (p value=0.006). Conclusion: Comparing gross confirmation and ultrasonographic confirmation, gross confirmation is a better method than ultrasonography because of time efficiency. However, ultrasonographic confirmation has advantages over gross confirmation in pain scale and better compliance of patients. Emergency physicians generally employ gross confirmation rather than ultrasonography in determining the existence of tendon injury in patients. In patients with finger lacerations without bone injury, ultrasonography can be considered as a secondary diagnostic tool, especially when patients have much pain.

• 기독교교육논총
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• 제75권
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• pp.7-31
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• 2023

연구 목적 : 본 연구는 한국교회의 견신례 교육에서 나타나는 1) 용어의 혼란, 2) 견신례에 대한 피상적 이해와 견신례 신학의 부재 혹은 사사화, 3) 통과의례 개념에 기초한 형식적 교육, 4) 교단 차원의 체계화된 교육 부재 등과 같은 여러 문제를 진단하고, 이에 대한 대안적 교육 방향을 제안한다. 연구 내용 및 방법 : 먼저 성서적, 역사적, 신학적 접근을 통하여 견신례에 대한 학제 내 대화를 시도한다. 성서적으로, 견신례는 물세례와 성령세례의 하나 됨 가운데서 이해되어야 하며, 성령세례를 통하여 세례자를 왕적 제사장으로 성별하는 것과 연관되어 있다. 역사적으로, 견신례는 하나의 통일된 그리스도교 입문예식이었다가 분리되고 다시 일치를 모색하는 과정을 거쳤다. 신학적으로, 견신례는 세례에서 주어진 삼위일체 하나님의 언약을 확증하는 예식이며, 세례적 특성과 성찬적 특성을 동시에 지니고 있다. 결론 및 제언 : 본 연구를 통하여 도출된 대안적 형태의 견신례 교육은 다음과 같은 방향을 지향한다. 즉, 1) 세례 언약에서 주어진 정체성을 지향하는 교육, 2) 세례와 성찬의 특성이 함께 반영된 교육, 3) 성서, 교리, 삶이 통합된 교육, 4) 체계적 교육 시스템에 기초한 교육 등이다.

• 경영과학
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.135-155
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• 2008

This paper investigates the value of the expectation-confirmation model(ECM) of IT continuance in the internet shopping environments and attempts to expand the ECM with consideration of users diverse internet shopping factors and their preferences. Here, the extended ECM measures the users expectation-confirmation separately at the product, site and service levels, rather than treating it a single construct as measured in the original model. Further, AHP has been used for assessing the relative importance among the shopping factors, and the priority has been used for deriving weighted expectation-confirmation levels in the model. PLS analysis shows that there are significant differences in path coefficients between the ECM and a weighted ECM. This Indicates that users preferences among the diverse shopping factors need to be properly assessed to better understand the relationship between users expectation-confirmation and their continued usage behavior.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2020

The purpose of the study was to explore the structural relationships between the intent to continue using Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and its determinants based on the information systems continuance expectation-confirmation model. A total of 156 students from five different universities in Korea completed an online survey. An analysis by structural equation modeling revealed that college students' intent to continue using K-MOOC is partially supported by the model. Although perceived usefulness and confirmation are strong determinants of satisfaction and intent to continue using information systems in general, confirmation was the only significant predictor of satisfaction, the only significant predictor of intent to continue to use K-MOOC. Written responses on the survey were used to interpret the results. Findings indicate significant effects of confirmation on perceived usefulness, of confirmation on satisfaction, and of satisfaction on intent and insignificant effects of perceived usefulness on satisfaction and perceived usefulness on intent to continue. Substantial implications for future research and practices are discussed.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2008

The data delivery confirmation method of MIL-STD-188-220C, which is a tactical wireless mobile Ad-Hoc communication protocol, is that a source node requires the end-to-end ack from all destination nodes and the data-link ack from 1-hop neighboring destination nodes and relaying nodes, regardless of the hop distance from a source node to destination nodes. This method has the problem to degrade the whole communication network performance because of excessive data traffic due to the duplicate use of end-to-end ack and data-link ack, and the collision among end-to-end acks on the wireless network in the case of confirming a data delivery within an 1-hop distance. In order to solve this problem, this paper has proposed the method to perform the data delivery confirmation with the improvement of communication network performance through the data traffic reduction by achieving the reliable data delivery confirmation requiring the only data-link ack within an 1-hop distance. The effects of the proposed method are analyzed in the two aspects of the data delivery confirmation delay time and the data delivery confirmation success ratio.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.12.1-12.9
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• 2021

Objectives: The present study aims to compare the obturation quality of 2 confluence confirmation techniques in artificial maxillary first premolars showing Vertucci type II root canal configuration. Materials and Methods: Thirty artificial maxillary premolars having Vertucci type II root canal configuration were made. They were divided into 3 groups according to the confluence confirmation technique as follows. Gutta-percha indentation (GPI) group (confluence confirmation using a gutta-percha cone and a K file); electronic apex locator (EAL) group (confluence confirmation using K files and EAL); and no confluence detection (NCD) group. In the GPI group and the EAL group, shaping and obturation were performed with the modified working length (WL). In the NCD group, shaping was performed without WL adjustment and obturation was carried out with an adjusted master cone. Micro-computed tomography was used before preparation and after obturation to calculate the percentage of gutta-percha occupied volume (%GPv) and the volume increase in the apical 4 mm. Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey's test. Results: Statistically significant difference was not found in terms of the %GPv from the apex to apical 4 mm. However, the NCD group showed a statistically significant volume increase compared with the EAL group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In terms of gutta-percha occupied volume, no significant difference was observed among the 3 groups. Confluence confirmation using an EAL in teeth with Vertucci type II configuration showed less volume increase during canal shaping compared with no confluence confirmation.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.355-360
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• 2021

본 연구는 초기 사용자 경험 단계에서 발생 할 수 있는 확증 편향의 요인에 관해 요인별 사용자 경험 요소를 도출하여 허니콤 모형으로 분석하였다. 초기 사용자 경험 단계에서 확증 편향은 인상의 단계에서 발생한다. 기억의 처리단계에서는 감각기억과 작동 기억 그리고 선택적 기억을 저장하고 인출하는 장기 기억과 밀접한 관련이 있었다. 확증편향은 사용성 부분에서 가시성, 상관성, 기억성, 명확성, 보편성으로 분류되었고 감정요인으로는 만족감, 기쁨, 불만족이 도출되었다. 허니콤 모형으로 분석한 결과 사용성 요인에서 시각성, 명확성, 보편성과 감정 요인에서 기쁨은 확증편향에 미치는 영향이 미미하였으며 상관성과 기억성 그리고 감정 요인에서는 만족감과 불만족이 확증 편향의 주요요인으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 확증 편향 요인에 대해 디자인 패턴을 커스텀화 하는 기업의 경우 참고 자료로 유용하게 활용될 수 있다는 점에서 의의를 가진다.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2012

This studies aims to examine the factors that affect continuous usage reliability of social commerce users that has been really active recently based on using EDT (Expectation Disconfirmation Theory) and extended ECM (Expected confirmation Model). With a statistical analysis, this paper suggests a conceptual model, based on the empirical evidence from this study. The result reveal that perceived usage easiness has a positive effect on meeting the expected confirmation and satisfaction. As perceived quality, social influence and price appeared to reflect a positive effect on fulfilling expected confirmation. This implies that users consider perceived usage easiness, perceived quality, social influence and price important in using social commerce persistently and that as their expected confirmation fulfillment and satisfaction increase that leads to further rise in their future intended continuous usage.

• 논리연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.399-424
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• 2014

본 논문의 목표는 지각적 독단론과 베이즈주의 입증 이론이 서로 충돌한다는 로저 화이트의 주장을 비판적으로 검토하는 것이다. 이 목표를 이루기 위해, 필자는 본 논문을 다음과 같이 구성하였다. 우선 필자는 2절에서 지각적 독단론과 베이즈주의 입증 이론이 양립불가능하다는 화이트의 논변을 소개할 것이다. 이와 더불어 베이즈주의 입증 이론이 무엇인지도 간단히 설명될 것이다. 3절에서는 베이즈주의 입증 이론의 다른 요소들이 도입된다. 그 요소들은 입증 측도라고 불리는 것으로, 증거가 가설을 지지하는 정도를 측정하는 함수이다. 이 함수와 더불어 주어진 증거가 두 가설 중에서 하나에 더 호의적이라는 것에 대한 베이즈주의적 분석을 소개할 것이다. 마지막 4절은 3절에서 설명된 호의성이라는 개념을 통해서 베이즈주의 입증 이론과 지각적 독단론이 서로 충돌한다는 화이트의 주장을 비판할 것이다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2018

The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics of big data-based fashion shopping (BDFS) application, perceived usefulness, and expectation confirmation that influence the continuous usage intention of BDFS application users based on the expectation-confirmation model. A survey was conducted with female consumers in their 20s, who are living in Seoul and Incheon area and have used BDFS applications, A total of 182 responses were used for the data analysis. Five hypotheses were proposed, and regression analyses were conducted to test those hypotheses. The results indicated that the users' perceived usefulness increased with the increase of accuracy and personalization characteristics of the app and the expectation confirmation. The result suggested that it is essential to provide accurate information for users to feel useful and to develop the personalized offerings and services which can be the biggest strength of the big-data based mobile fashion store. It was also found that continuous usage intention increases with increased perceived usefulness and expectation confirmation. This result suggests that expectations can play a critical role in perceiving the usefulness of BDFS applications and the user's expectation confirmation also significantly affected the users' continuous usage intention.