• 아동학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.95-107
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• 2006

This study measured various types of joint book reading behaviors of parents of preschool children using two different text genres. Participants were the parents of 35 preschool children 4 years of age. Parent-child dyads were videotaped during periods of joint book reading using two different types of text(informational and narrative). Results indicated differences in maternal behavior between the two types of texts. The informational book elicited a higher amount of print concept behaviors and more content behavior while reading the narrative book. Among content-related behaviors parents used more labeling during the informational genre. On the other hand, parents' use of description and judgment were significantly higher in the narrative genre compared with the informational genre.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.763-773
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• 2000

On the basis of the concept retained in nutition label(NL) the consumer's perception use and demand on NL nutrition knowledge(NH) purchase of nutrient controlled food and dietary modification for health were examined. The subjects were 1203 house wives mainly in the age of 30-40 and self administered questionnaire was employed. The results were as follows. Subjects' demand on nutrition information was greater while the availablity and usefulness of NL was unsatisfactory. The purchase frequencies of nutrient controlled foods were higher compared to NL reading. The use comprehenison reliability of nutrition information were better in high NK group compared to low NK group except the reliability on health claims. The required nutrients for content information were in the order of calorie Ca cholesterol Fe protein and total fat. The demand for nutrient content information was carrelated with intention of subjects' dietary modification but not the use of NL. These results indicate that NL be a good source of nutrition information and the consumers' demand for NL was based on their dietary purpose though the use of NL was unconfirmed.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.301-307
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• 1985

The first four generations of computers are all based on a single basic design: the Von Neuman Processor, which is sequential and does one operation at a time. Efforts to develop concurrent or parallel computers have been carried on for many years. Data flow approach is significant in these efforts to make high speed parallel machines and expected a great deal of parallelism. In this paper we propose a preliminary data Flow Machine Model operating asynchronously on the base of Node Labelling. We introduce a concept of Node Labeling for this purpose which is relevant to the Data dependency and Parallelism. And we explain how the Node Tokens are fired in the proposed system.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.21-40
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• 2010

This work is described as an fresh effort to study environmental sustainable management in organic products retailing markets. Sustainable management means creating value for business, nature and society. The main point of this thesis is about the concept, the content and the target of environmental sustainable management, and the technical method and basis to achieve it. Also this thesis shows the strategy of sustainable management as well as the realization of sustainable development by carrying out organic agricultural production. The main content of sustainable management is that: - Rationalize the utilization of resource and energy. - Maximize economic benefit. - Minimize harm to humans and the environment. Examines business strategies that have successfully targeted markets, such as advertising, labeling, gaining consumer trust, partnerships, and diversifying operations. These included management skills, and marketing organic and other sustainably grown products to determine strategies for developing new markets for these products. Suggests that consumers are becoming more aware of the importance of environmentally sound methods for growing food, the health benefits of wholesome food, and are willing to pay more for these products.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.207-229
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• 2016

Apart from its Greco-Roman and Christian connotations, considering its continuous influence in the Byzantine world, the oikoumene should be seen as a geo-political as well as socio-religious concept of networking and unity in popular thought and local narratives. This paper argues that "ecumenical" thought survived after Late Antiquity and through the Byzantine era in the Orthodox transportation infrastructure of people and information. It also provides a review of the circulation of heresiological "labels" in the middle to late Byzantine eras. In the Mediterranean, routes, transportation vehicles, and any media supported intelligent networking in the oikoumene. People in the oikoumene could access foreign teachings or stories from outsiders or "barbarians" of different faiths. Constantinopolitan intellectuals coined and issued labels for heretics, such as the Bogomils, Paulicians, and Massalians, and constructed a narrative of the heretical contamination from the center of the oikoumene. Heresiologists collected the information used in creating these heresy titles from far-flung places in all directions from Constantinople, and then exported the labels, which were spread using the transportation network of the Byzantine oikoumene.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.532-543
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• 2003

본 논문은 저작권보호를 위해 디지털영상의 라벨링을 위한 reversible DTCNN(discrete-time cellular neural network) 구조를 제안한다. 이러한 저작권보호 라벨링을 위해서 2차원 이진 pseudo 랜덤 영상열에 사용할 수 있는 새로운 reversible DTCNN의 구조와 개념을 설명하고 이에 대한 복잡행위를 보여주기 위해 reversible DTCNN의 서로 다른 방법들의 예시를 들어 설명한다. 또한 서로 다른 2진영상인 원영상과 복사된 영상은 서로 다른 2진 랜덤 영상키를 사용한다. 이 영상키는 원영상을 스크램블하는데 사용된다. 따라서 reversible DTCNN를 다시 역변환시켜서 저작권보호가 라벨링된 영상으로부터 복사된 영상임을 찾아낼 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 동영상을 처리하는 데는 S/W에서는 많은 시간이 소요되므로 고속 DTCNN 칩을 사용하여 실시간에서 동영상이나 비디오영상을 저작권보호를 위한 라벨링에 사용할 수 있으며, 이러한 결과를 컴퓨터에서 시뮬레이션됨을 보인다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.111-125
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• 2011

클러스터링(Clustering)은 유사한 문서나 데이터를 묶어 군집화해주는 프로세스이다. 클러스터링은 문서들을 대표하는 개념별로 그룹화함으로써 사용자가 자신이 원하는 주제의 문서를 찾기 위해 모든 문서를 검사할 필요가 없도록 도와준다. 이를 위해 유사한 문서를 찾아 그룹화하고, 이 그룹의 대표되는 개념을 도출하여 표현해주는 기법이 요구된다. 이 상황에서 문제점으로 대두되는 것이 복합 개념(Complex Concept)의 탐지이다. 복합 개념은 서로 다른 개념의 여러 클러스터에 속하는 중복 개념이다. 기존의 클러스터링 방법으로는 문서를 클러스터링할 때 동일한 레벨에 있는 서로 다른 개념의 클러스터에 속하는 중복된 복합 개념의 클러스터를 찾아서 표현할 수가 없었고, 또한 복합 개념과 각 단순 개념(Simple Concept) 사이의 의미적 계층 관계를 제대로 검증하기가 어려웠다. 본 논문에서는 기존 클러스터링 방법의 문제점을 해결하여 복합 개념을 쉽게 찾아 표현하는 방법을 제안한다. 기존의 계층적 클러스터링 알고리즘을 변형하여 동일 레벨에서 중복을 허용하는 계층적 클러스터링(Hierarchical Overlapping Clustering, HOC) 알고리즘을 개발하였다. HOC 알고리즘은 문서를 클러스터링하여 그 결과를 트리가 아닌 개념 중복이 가능한 Lattice 계층 구조로 표현함으로써 이를 통해 여러 개념이 중복된 복합 개념을 탐지할 수 있었다. HOC 알고리즘을 이용해 생성된 각 클러스터의 개념이 제대로 된 의미적인 계층 관계로 표현되었는지는 특징 선택(Feature Selection) 방법을 적용하여 검증하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Damage in the periphery or spinal cord induces maladaptive plastic changes along the somatosensory nervous system from the periphery to the cortex, often leading to chronic pain. Although the role of neural circuit remodeling and structural synaptic plasticity in the 'pain matrix' cortices in chronic pain has been thought as a secondary epiphenomenon to altered nociceptive signaling in the spinal cord, progress in whole brain imaging studies on human patients and animal models has suggested a possibility that plastic changes in cortical neural circuits may actively contribute to chronic pain symptoms. Furthermore, recent development in two-photon microscopy and fluorescence labeling techniques have enabled us to longitudinally trace the structural and functional changes in local circuits, single neurons and even individual synapses in the brain of living animals. These technical advances has started to reveal that cortical structural remodeling following tissue or nerve damage could rapidly occur within days, which are temporally correlated with functional plasticity of cortical circuits as well as the development and maintenance of chronic pain behavior, thereby modifying the previous concept that it takes much longer periods (e.g. months or years). In this review, we discuss the relation of neural circuit plasticity in the 'pain matrix' cortices, such as the anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex and primary somatosensory cortex, with chronic pain. We also introduce how to apply long-term in vivo two-photon imaging approaches for the study of pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic pain.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2006

Molecular targeting may be defined as the specific concentration of a diagnostic or therapeutic tracer by its Interaction with a molecular species that is distinctly present or absent in a disease state. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) is one of the successful agents for targeted therapy in cancer. To enhance the therapeutic effect, the concept of targeting radionuclides to tumors using radiolabeled mAbs against tumor-associated antigens, radioimmunotherapy, was proposed. The efficacy of radioimmunotherapy, however, has to be further optimized. Several strategies to improve targeting of tumors with radiolabeled mAbs have been developed, such as the use of mAb fragments, the use of high-affinity mAbs, the use of labeling techniques that are stable in vivo, active removal of the radiolabeled mAb from the circulation, and pretargeting strategies. Until now, however, there are many kinds of obstacles to be solved in the use of mAb for the targeted therapy. Major technical challenges to molecular targeting are related to the rapid and specific delivery of tracers to the target, the elimination of unwanted background activity, and the development of more specific targets to create a cytocidal effect. further development of this field will be determined by success in solving these challenges.

• 한국폐기물자원순환학회지
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.709-720
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• 2018

Since the import ban of plastic waste in China has been enforced, plastic wastes were not properly collected and recycled in Korea. Hence, the management strategies for plastic waste in Korea should be improved by examining the regulations and policy in developed countries such as United States, Japan, EU and United Kingdom. The management strategy for the recycling cycle should be implemented to expand the labeling system of separation and discharge, reduce the consumption of plastic products, automate the separation and sorting method in recycling facilities, and improve the economical efficiency of the recycling cycle. The concept of residual waste (secondary waste) in the material flow analysis should be implemented to identify the shortage point in the plastic waste stream. Finally, the cooperation with international communities is required for a transboundary movement of plastic waste, which includes participation at the working group of international standards to recycle plastic waste.