• Computers and Concrete
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.697-703
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• 2018

Compressive strength is one of the most important engineering properties of concrete, and testing of the compressive strength of concrete specimens is often costly and time consuming. In order to provide the time for concrete form removal, re-shoring to slab, project scheduling and quality control, it is necessary to predict the concrete strength based upon the early strength data. However, concrete compressive strength is affected by many factors, such as quality of raw materials, water cement ratio, ratio of fine aggregate to coarse aggregate, age of concrete, compaction of concrete, temperature, relative humidity and curing of concrete. The concrete compressive strength is a quite nonlinear function that changes depend on the materials used in the concrete and the time. This paper presents an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for the prediction of concrete compressive strength. The training of fuzzy system was performed by a hybrid method of gradient descent method and least squares algorithm, and the subtractive clustering algorithm (SCA) was utilized for optimizing the number of fuzzy rules. Experimental data on concrete compressive strength in the literature were used to validate and evaluate the performance of the proposed ANFIS model. Further, predictions from three models (the back propagation neural network model, the statistics model, and the ANFIS model) were compared with the experimental data. The results show that the proposed ANFIS model is a feasible, efficient, and accurate tool for predicting the concrete compressive strength.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.577-583
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• 2022

대형 현장의 경우 다수의 레미콘사에서 콘크리트를 납품받게 되는 경우가 많으나 동일 콘크리트 배합표를 사용하더라도 재료와 제조장비의 등의 차로 인해 품질에 편차가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 하지만 그러한 검토 실적은 미비한 실정에 본 연구에서는 부산 지역의 12개 레미콘사에서 납품 받은 콘크리트를 대상으로 굳기 전 콘크리트 물성 및 압축강도, 염소이온 확산계수를 측정하였다. 굳기 전 콘크리트 물성은 기준을 만족하였고 압축강도는 설계기준 압축강도 대비 128%를 나타내었다. 염소이온 확산계수의 경우도 큰 편차없이 설계기준 압축강도별 평균값을 도출할 수 있었다. 압축강도는 강도가 높을수록 편차가 컸으며 염소이온 확산계수는 강도가 낮을수록 편차가 큰 경향을 파악할 수 있었다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2016

이 연구에서는, 우리나라 전통 건축재료 중 하나인 천연 황토 모르타르에 사용되어 온 해초풀과 현대적 재료인 고흡수성수지(Superabsorbent Polymer, SAP)와 같은 흡수성 물질이 이러한 모르타르의 건조수축과 압축강도에 미치는 영향이 조사되었다. 흡수성 물질과 더불어 문화재표준시방서에서 권고하는 초기 밀봉양생의 효과 역시 검토되었다. 실험에 의한 28일 압축강도와 수렴한 건조수축 변형율의 검토 결과, 우선 초기 7일간의 밀봉 양생은 강도향상과 수축저감에 효과적이었다. 따라서, 문화재표준시방서의 권고는 합리적이며 실효성이 있는 것으로 검증된다. 흡수성 물질의 혼입 역시 두 재료특성에 있어 효과적인데, 그 효과는 물질들의 흡수 능력에 의존한다. 따라서, 흡수 능력이 더 높은 SAP을 사용하는 것이 해초풀을 사용하는 것보다 더 효과적이다. 그러나, 이러한 것들이 유효하기 위해서는 초기 밀봉양생과 물이 추가되지 않는 조건들이 함께 따라야 한다. 마지막으로, 황토 모르타르의 압축강도의 증가는 건조수축의 감소와 선형적으로 관계한다. 이러한 선형 상관성에 의해, 초기밀봉 양생 또는 흡수성 물질의 혼입에 따른 모르타르의 압축강도 증가하는 원인이 정량적으로 설명될 수 있다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.789-796
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• 2009

철근콘크리트 부재 저항능력의 변동성은 콘크리트 및 철근 강도의 변동성, 부재 치수 및 철근 위치의 불확실성 등과 같은 요소로부터 기인한다. 이 불확실성 중에서 콘크리트의 압축강도, 인장강도 및 탄성계수 등과 같은 요소가 많은 영향을 주며 다른 요소에 비하여 상대적으로 통계적 분산정도도 크다. 그러나 국내의 경우 콘크리트의 재료의 변동성에 대한 실험 및 분석연구가 활발하지 못한 편이며, 현재 설계기준 등의 작성에 필요한 내용은 외국의 실험 결과 및 연구 성과를 주로 이용하고 있는 실정이다. 이 논문은 우리나라 콘크리트의 역학적 특성, 압축강도, 쪼갬인장강도 및 탄성계수에 대한 우리나라 고유의 확률모델을 개발하기 위하여 다양한 설계기준강도별로 기존의 문헌자료 및 추가적인 실험 자료를 수집, 분석하고 그 결과를 정리한 것이다. 연구결과에 따르면 콘크리트의 압축강도 및 쪼갬인장강도의 확률특성은 정규분포로 모델링하는 것이 타당한 것으로 나타났으며, 외국의 자료와 비교할 때 분산의 정도는 그리 크지 않은 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 콘크리트 구조설계기준에 규정되어 있는 압축강도와 쪼갬인장강도 및 압축강도와 탄성계수에 대한 관계식을 검증하고 새로운 관계식을 제안하였다. 이 연구 결과는 추후 새로운 설계기준의 작성 및 관련 연구에 유용한 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2013

The present study is to evaluate physical and mechanical properties of porous concrete having non cement that mainly causes carbon emission. This study aims to explore eco-friendly concrete technology capable of reducing the amount of carbon emission due to the use of normal cement by substituting it with non cement porous concrete to which alkali-activator and blast-furnace slag powder are impregnated. As experimental variables, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 % and 10 % of alkali-activator were substituted as binders and applied. Testing evaluated in this study were pH value, void ratio, compressive strength and residual compressive strength shown after being immersed in $H_2SO_4$ solution and $Na_2SO_4$ solution. The test results were compared with those tested with the use of porous concrete to which 400 $kg/m^3$ of unit cement amount was applied as binder. In consequence, it was concluded that; as for pH value, it was decreased than was the case in which cement was used, but increased with the more the use of alkali activator; as for void ratio and compressive strength, the mix proportion in which 9 % and 10 % of alkali activator were applied in terms of substitution ratio showed the result similar to the mixture in which 400 $kg/m^3$ of unit cement ratio was applied; and, as for residual compressive strength in the case of being immersed in $H_2SO_4$ solution and $Na_2SO_4$ solution, the compressive strength was increased, thus leading to improved chemical resistance.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.71-86
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• 2024

In this study, to reduce the amount of cement consumed in the production of cementitious composites, the effects of partial replacement of cement weight with nano-silica, silica fume, and copper slag on the mechanical properties of polypropylene fiber-reinforced cementitious composites are investigated. For this purpose, the effect of replacing cement weight by each of the aforementioned materials individually and in combination is studied. A total of 34 mix designs were prepared, and their compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths were obtained for each mix. Among the mix designs with one cement replacement material, the highest strength is related to the sample containing 2.5% nano-silica. In this mix design, the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths improve by about 33%, 13%, and 15%, respectively, compared to the control sample. In the ones with two cement replacement materials, the highest strengths are related to the mix made with 10% silica fume along with 2% nano-silica. In this mix design, compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths increase by about 42%, 18%, and 20% compared to the control sample, respectively. Furthermore, in the mixtures containing three cement substitutes, the final optimal mix design for all three strengths has 15% silica fume, 10% copper slag, and 2% nano-silica. This mix design improves the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths by about 57%, 23%, and 26%, respectively, compared to the control sample. Finally, two relationships have been presented that can be used to predict the values of tensile and flexural strengths of cementitious composites with very good accuracy only by determining the compressive strength of the composites.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.407-417
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• 2018

Over the past three decades, self-compacting concrete (SCC), which is characterized by its superior rheological properties, has been gradually used in construction industry. It is now recognized that the application of SCC using supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) is highly attractive and promising technology reducing the environmental impact of the construction industry and reducing the higher materials costs. This paper presents an experimental study that investigated the mechanical and durability properties of SCCs manufactured with blended binders including fly ash, slag, and micro-silica. A total of 8 batches of SCCs were manufactured. As series of tests were conducted to establish the rheological properties, compressive strength, and durability properties including the water absorption, water permeability, rapid chloride permeability and initial surface absorption of the SCCs. The influences of the SCC strength grade, blended types and content on the properties of the SCCs are investigated. Unified reactive indices are proposed based on the mix proportion and the chemical composition of the corresponding binders are used to assess the compressive strength and strength development of the SCCs. The results also indicate the differences in the underlying mechanisms to drive the durability properties of the SCC at the different strength grades.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
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• pp.672-675
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to understand the effect of hwangtoh and slag on various properties of concrete. Main variables were replacement level of admixtures, hwangtoh and slag, and curing temperature. Test results indicated that the compressive strength of concrete replaced by either hwangtoh and slag was significantly influenced by curing temperature. The elasticity modulus and compressive peak strain of concrete showed a small increase with increasing hwangtoh replacement.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1998년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.83-88
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• 1998

II-anhydrite, slag, and fly ash produced as industrial by-product were reutilized for the manufacture of high strength admixtures for cement and concrete. The effects of these admixtures on the compressive strength of cement mortar and concrete were examined with those of domestic admixture. At the condition mortar and concrete. Especially, adding of II-anhydrite was very effective for the increasing of compressive strength. Therefore it is possible that these admixture as a high strength admixture apply to cement and concrete.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1996년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.84-92
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• 1996

The flexural and compressive strengths of polymer-modified mortars containing FRP wastes were investigated. The specimens of polymer-modified mortars containing FRP mortat were perpared by using styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR) latex, ethylene-vinyl acetate(EVA) emulsion and polyacrylic ester(PAE) emulsion with various FRP-sand ratios(10, 20, 30, 40, 50wt%). The compressive and flexural strengths of polymer-mokified mortars containing FRP wastes were decreased with an increase of FRP-sand ratio. But the compressive and flexural strengths of PAE polymer-modified mortar were more improved than OPC, whereas those of SBR and EVA polymer-modified mortars containing FRP wastes were decreased than OPC.