• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2017

Using the relatively low-cost, far-infrared dryer inhibiting the destruction of a variety of physiologically active components of the mulberry fruit, we have studied to make semidry mulberry fruit that can be kept at room temperature for a long time. By adjusting the temperature of the far-infrared dryer step-by-step, we developed a semi-dry method of maintaining the shape of the mulberry fruit. In addition, by drying the coating of honey after removing the juice generated by the mulberry fruit thawing process improved the acceptability of the taste of fruit. We conducted heat treatment mulberry fruit into a $95^{\circ}C$ infrared dryer 5 hours to thaw the frozen mulberry fruit. After 10 to 20% of honey coating, the primary drying ($95^{\circ}C$, 5 hours) was implemented. then, the secondary drying was conducted after controlling the temperature of the far infrared dryer $60^{\circ}C$, for 10 hours. These manufacture process was able to obtain semi-dried mulberry fruit. Dry weight ratio and moisture content were around 25%, and around 16% level respectively. It was to enable long-term storage at room temperature. Therefore, it is suggested that the method of using the far-infrared drying machine to manufacture semi-dried mulberry fruit can be a way to improve the farm income if applied to the farm.

• 한국잠사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국잠사학회 2003년도 International Symposium of Silkworm/Insect Biotechnology and Annual Meeting of Korea Society of Sericultural Science
• /
• pp.50-52
• /
• 2003

Mulberry containing many bioactive components is very useful as functional food resource. Mulberry leaf ice cream, mulberry leaf tea, mulberry noodle, mulberry fruit jam, mulberry wine etc. have been developed in Korea. Because mulberry fruit has abundant natural pigments belonging to anthocyanins, we can expect their therapeutic and physiological effects. However, there are few reports about mulberry seed. So we studied on fatty acids of mulberry seed for the purpose of increasing the functional utilization of mulberry fruit. (omitted)

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.543-550
• /
• 2023

Mulberry fruit is a superior source of polyphenols, especially anthocyanin, and has a long history of use as an edible fruit and traditional medicine. The anthocyanin composition of mulberry fruit from 15 Korean cultivars was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector with quadrupole time of flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS) based on a cyanin internal standard. The four glycosides were identified by comparison with authentic standards and published reports. The major anthocyanin was cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (71.7%), followed by cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside (26.6%). The minor components (total of 1.7%) were pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside. The total anthocyanin content (mg/100 g, dry weight) of mulberry fruit varied by cultivar and ranged from 471.5±4.0 (Su Hong) to 4,700.2±54.0 (Gwa Sang2). Among the 15 cultivars examined, Gwa Sang2 showed the highest level of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (3,133.4±32.6), which was 9-fold higher than that of Su Hong (351.5±3.4). In conclusion, anthocyanin profiles, including pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-O-rutinoside, were reported for the first time from 15 Korean mulberry fruit cultivars. The results will contribute valuable information on pharmaceutical properties, breeding superior mulberry cultivars, and food industries.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.331-338
• /
• 2012

In the present work, mulberry fruit extracts by four extraction processes, namely wet pressing extraction (WPE), hot-water extraction (HWE), enzymatic hydrolysis (EH), and lactic-acid bacteria fermentation (LBF) by Lactobacillus plantarum TO-2100, were analyzed for nutrients and functional compounds. The sugar contents of extracts by WPE, HWE, EH, and LBF were 12.0, 10.9, 14.5, and 14.3 brix, respectively, and the extraction yields by EH and LBF were 1.65 and 1.50 times higher than those by WPE. Among the organic acids, tartaric acid and malic acid contents were the highest in the extracts by WPE. Acetic acid was best extracted by LBF, and citric acid was best extracted by EH. Lactic acid was detected only in LBF. The extracts by EH showed the highest contents of all vitamins with an exception that the extracts by LBF showed the highest contents of the folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin C. We also noted that vitamin B group was not detected in the extracts by LBF. The extracts by EH showed the highest contents of all the amino acids, whereas LBF showed the lowest. Polyphenol contents of extracts by EH and LBF were 3.05 and 2.51 times more than those by WPE respectively. Anthocyanin contents were 7.66, 7.14 times higher for EH and LBF compare to WPE. We manufactured mulberry fruit granular teas with different compositions and tested them for their sensory characteristics. We found that 15% mulberry fruit extracts by enzymatic hydrolysis and 85% dextrin composition gave the most satisfactory result.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.249-255
• /
• 2017

BACKGROUND: Globally, mulberry (Morus sp.) is exploited for feeding leaf to silkworms in order to obtain silk fiber or for animal feedstock production. Also, mulberry fruit is known to a by-product that was produced from mulberry tree after harvesting leaves for silkworm rearing, as a yield and consumption of mulberry fruit was increased, it has been fixing to a newincome crop. Mulberry leaves and fruits are used for the health benefits of human beings. Mulberry contains various bioactive components, such as alkaloids and flavonoids. Mulberry flavonoids are an important part of the diet because of their effects on human nutrition. The flavonoids in mulberry leaf and fruit of 'Suhyang'(Morus alba L.) were determined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Flavonoids for mulberry leaf and fruit of 'Suhyang' were analysed using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS)technique. An UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS system was used, and identification of mulberry leaves constituents was carried out on the basis of the complementary information obtained from LC spectra, MS ions, and MS/MS fragments. The mulberry leaf (16 flavonoids) and fruit (9 flavonoids) were isolated and analyzed from Suhyang using UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS chromatogram. To the best of our knowledge, Quercetin 3-O-(6"-O-malonyl) glucoside and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin) was detected on the highest content in leaf and fruit, respectively and further research will be devoted to evaluate their biological activity. CONCLUSION: Obtaining information about the concentration of functional materials in mulberry leaves could contribute to the development and promotion of processed, functional products and offer possible industrial use of 'Suhyang', holding promises to enhance the overall profitability of sericulture.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.352-359
• /
• 2020

BACKGROUND: The mulberry cultivars 'Daeshim' and 'Shimgang' were developed in RDA in 2014 and 2017, respectively. 'Daeshim' yields a fruit size bigger than that of other varieties and has a productivity of over 70%, whereas 'Shimgang' has a high yield and a special characterization against the mulberry popcorn disease. In our study, a compositional comparison of these popular cultivars in Korea was undertaken to explore the nutrient profiles of mulberry fruit and promote the development of the rich minerals and flavonoids in mulberry fruit as performing each other irrigation time. METHODS AND RESULTS: These two cultivars were collected from the Sericulture and Apiculture Division, RDA, in Korea to investigate their amounts, weights, minerals, and flavonoid content using each other instrument. After 6 h of irrigation treatment, the amount of fruit (kg/tree) from Daeshim and Shimgang increased by 17.5 and 15.2 kg/tree, respectively. The total flavonoid content from Daeshim and Shimgang was determined to be 132.9 mg and 36.3 mg, respectively, after the 6 h irrigation treatment. CONCLUSION: Appropriate irrigation treatment methods such as water scheduling and volume will help increase fruit quantities and farmer incomes. It would be interesting to conduct further in-depth research on these fruits so that consumers can benefit from them as a food additive.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.80-84
• /
• 2003

과실류의 단맛 결정인자인 유리당의 함량을 계통별로 분석하여 생식 및 가공식품의 원료로서 오디의 이용성을 늪이고 오디의 과실화 촉진을 위한 기초자료를 제공함은 물론 오디 생산용 뽕나무 육종효율을 높이기 위하여 유전자원으로 보존 중인 뽕나무 계통에 대하여 결실 오디를 채취하여 유리당의 조성과 함량을 비교$.$분석하였다. 동시에 유리당의 함량이 높은 계통을 선발하여 수량, 과중, 당도 등 과실적 특성을 고려하여 오디생산용 계통으로서의 가능성을 검토하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1 공시계통 모두 fructose와 glucose만이 검출되었으며, fructose와 glucose의 평균 함량은 각각 4.49$\pm$1.06%와 4.62$\pm$1.08%로서 두 성분의 조성 비율은 1:1이었다. 그러나 두 성분에 대한 각각의 변이계수(coefficient of variation) 값은 23.6%와 23.4%로서 높게 나타나 오디의 유리당 함량은 뽕나무 계통간 차이가 큰 것으로 판단되었다. 2. 공시계통의 총 유리당의 평균 함량은 9.11$\pm$2.14%이었고, 공시계통 중 총 유리당 함량이 가장 높게 나타난 계통은 '근아노상'으로서 14.67%이었으며, ‘청시평’의 경우 5.57%로서 가장 낮은 함량을 나타냈다. 3. '근아노상' 등 유리당의 합이 10% 이상인 계통을 1차 선발한 후 단과중, 수량 및 당도 함량에 대한 과실적 특성을 종합적으로 비교한 결과 '환십조생', '개량조생십 문자', '중고조' 및 '근아노상' 계통은 이들 특성을 모두 만족시켜 오디생산용 유망계통으로 이용가능성이 있는 것으로 판단되었다

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.629-636
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate of the quality characteristics of the starch Oddi Dasik(MSOD) manufactured with various addition levels (0, 5, 10, 18 and 28%) of mulberry fruit (Oddi) juice (MFJ), with various levels(55%, 50%, 45%, 37% and 27%) of sucrose syrup, and with the ratio of rice powder: mungbean starch (1:4) according to the traditional Korean Dasik (a kinds of cookie) methodology. The nutritional components of Oddi and MSOD were examined, and sensory evaluation and physical tests of MSOD added MFJ were conducted. The results are summarized as follows. In Oddi, the contents of moisture, crude fat, crude protein, crude ash, and vitamin C, and the levels of acidity, pH and sugar were 88.45%, 0.245%, 2.23%, 0.88%, 53.20 mg%, 8.00%, 4.41 and 11.0 Brix%, respectively. In MSOD (Oddi 10%), the contents of moisture, crude fat, crude protein, and crude ash, were 22.8%, 0.117%, 9.2% and 0.8%, respectively, and were all increased with increasing MFJ amount. In MSOD (Oddi 10%), the contents of Ca, Mg, K and Fe were 63.2 mg%, 70.9 mg%, 376.0 mg% and 7.7 mg%, respectively. and were increased with increasing MFJ amount. For the establishment of the additional amount of MFJ, sensory evaluation and physical tests were conducted. From the total characteristics of sensory evaluation, the MSOD with 10% MFJ was judged as the best. Color L and b values of MSOD significantly decreased and a value increased with increasing MFJ percentage. Hardness, gumminess, adhesiveness and chewiness among the texture characteristics of MSOD were significantly increased with increasing MFJ amount. However, there were no significant differences in springiness and cohesiveness of the MSOD. In conclusion, the optimal added amount of MFJ for the manufacture of the MSOD was proposed to be 10% of the total weight.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제62권2호
• /
• pp.111-122
• /
• 2019

The mulberry tree (Morus alba L.) has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. We investigated the effects of bioconversion on different components of the mulberry tree, and determined changes in the physiological activities. Ethyl acetate-soluble fractions of five different segments (fruit, Mori Fructus; leaf, Mori Folium; twig, Mori Ramulus; root, Mori Cortex; and mistletoe, Loranthi Ramulus) of the mulberry tree show enhanced anti-oxidant effects in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylvenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays, and enhanced anti-inflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, after being treated with a crude enzyme extract from Aspergillus kawachii, in the following order of activity: Mori Folium>Mori Cortex>Mori Ramulus>Mori Fructus>Loranthi Ramulus. Ethyl acetate- soluble fraction of mulberry leaves (Mori Folium) that underwent bioconversion was most effective, and was devoid of any cytotoxicity. The fraction was also effective against mRNA expression of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, $interleukin-1{\beta}$, and interleukin-6. In addition, the fraction was effective in LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and IKK, and $I{\kappa}B$ degradation, followed by translocation of the nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Thus, bioconversion increased the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of the mulberry leaf.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제49권1호
• /
• pp.18-23
• /
• 2007

고부가가치 천연물 산업 및 기능성 양잠산업의 소재로서 경쟁력이 있는 뽕나무의 자원화 및 이용기술을 개발하기 위한 기초자료로서 국내 외에서 수집하여 보존 중인 뽕나무로부터 뽕잎을 채취하여 항산화능을 비교, 검색하는 동시에 실생활에 이용되고 있는 다류와 음용수준에서의 항산화능을 비교하였다. 그 결과를 하면 다음과 같다. 1. 국내 외에서 수집되어 유리온실에서 보존 중인 뽕나무 유전자원 중 공시된 34계통의 평균 항산화능 값은 892.30nmol(ascorbic acid equivalents)로서 국내 장려뽕 및 야생뽕에 비해 상당히 낮았다. 그러나 우즈베키스탄에서 수집한 'BA 2', 일본 도입종 '흑상' 및 강원도 양양에서 채취한 '수산항 2'는 각각 2,149.78nmol, 1,390.35nmol, 1,307.67nmol로써 항산화능이 상대적으로 높았다. 2. 뽕잎을 음건하여 제조한 뽕잎차의 항산화능은 1,053.72nmol이었고, 3회 덖음 처리한 뽕잎차의 항산화능은 796.92nmol이었다. 한편 실생활에서 일반인에게 널리 음용되고 있는 다류 중 커피믹스의 항산화능은 2,531.01nmol로 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 현미녹차의 항산화능은 1,867.42nmol으로 뽕잎차보다 항산화능이 높은 반면 둥글레차와 레몬홍차의 경우 각각 29271nmol, 188.91nmol로 항산화능이 낮았다. 3. 뽕잎에 300배, 500배의 물을 넣고 끓여 음용 수준으로 희석한 뽕잎물의 항산화능을 분석한 결과 각각 919.32nmol, 891.96nmol의 항산화능이 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 일상생활에서 꾸준히 뽕잎을 음용수로 이용한다면 항산화 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 본다.