• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.65-76
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• 2024

Purpose : This study aimed to develop and validate a reliable tool, the Korean physical therapists' work environment scale (K-PTWES), for assessing the work environment of Korean physical therapists. The study also sought to examine the validity and reliability of the instrument. Methods : This methodological study involved the development and testing of the measurement tool. The conceptual framework was established through a literature review and in-depth interviews with clinical physical therapists. A total of 40 meaningful statements emerged from this process, leading to the generation of 29 primary items. Following a content validity test, 29 items were selected for the preliminary tool. Data were collected from 220 physical therapists across various job roles and unit types, such as outpatient and inpatient physical therapy rooms in domestic hospitals, with more than one year of experience. The final analysis included data from all 220 physical therapists. Results : Varimax rotated principal component analysis was employed for validities, revealing four factors: organizational support, working system, sustainable development, and relationship with coworkers, explaining a total variance of 54.97 %. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the final tool was .939, indicating high reliability. Conclusion : In this study, we developed a measurement tool reflecting the characteristics of the Korean physical therapists' work environment scale (K-PTWES). Our findings highlight the tool demonstrated both validity and reliability. Utilizing this tool is expected to contribute to understanding the work environment of Korean physical therapists and fostering a healthy work environment. Based on our findings, we recommend, firstly, conducting research on the work environment and related factors of physical therapists working in diverse settings using the K-PTWES. Secondly, future studies should focus on validating the tool's criterion-related validity, as it was not addressed in this research.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.243-257
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• 2024

Although lakes are an important part of freshwater, research on biological methods for assessing ecological integrity of Korean lakes is insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to develop Lakes Benthic Macroinvertebrates Multi-Metric Index (LBMMI) to assess the ecological integrity of lakes in Korea to further understand Korean lake's ecosystem. We used biological data from 388 sampling units of national lake monitoring programs from 2022 to 2023 and water quality data from Water Environment Information System (WEIS). As a result, firstly, reference points and disturbed points were selected through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Secondly, six core metric elements (Pielou's Evenness index (J), Total number of taxa (To.t), Percent of taxa in insecta (% I.t), Percent of individuals in Oligochaeta and chironomidae(tuble) (% OliCht.i), Percent of taxa in Predator (% Pe.t), and Percent of taxa in Clingers (% CL.t) were selected through discriminant analysis and relationship-test. Lastly, LBMMI was calculated for each sampling point by scoring using core metric elements and five grades were assigned for LBMMI scores using a Beta probability distribution model, with the suitability of LBMMI reviewed by comparing it with TSI_KO. LBMMI developed in this study is expected to appropriately assess ecological integrity of Korean lakes and provide a basis for further research on lake environment conservation.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.175-188
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to develop an Earth systems-based earth science module and to investigate the effects of field application. The module was applied to two classrooms of a total of 76 second-year high schoolers, in order to investigate the effectiveness of the developed module. Data was collected from observations in earth science classrooms, interviews, and questionnaires. The findings were as follows. First, the Earth systems-based earth science module was designed to be associated with the aims of the national Earth Science Curriculum and to improve students' Earth science literacy. The module was composed of two sections for a total of seven instructional hours for high schoolers. The former sections included the understanding of the Earth system through the understanding of each individual component of the system, its characteristics, properties and structure. The latter section of the module, consisting of 4 instructional hours, dealt with earth environmental problems, the understanding of subsystems changing through natural processes and cycles, and human interactions and their effects upon Earth systems. Second, the module was helpful in learning about the importance of understanding the interactions between water, rock, air, and life when it comes to understanding the Earth system, its components, characteristics, and properties. The Earth systems-based earth science module is a valuable and helpful instructional material which can enhance students' understanding of Earth systems and earth science literacy.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.77-110
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• 2017

Recently, the diversification and individualization of consumption patterns through the web and mobile devices based on the Internet have been rapid. As this happens, the efficient operation of the offline store, which is a traditional distribution channel, has become more important. In order to raise both the sales and profits of stores, stores need to supply and sell the most attractive products to consumers in a timely manner. However, there is a lack of research on which SKUs, out of many products, can increase sales probability and reduce inventory costs. In particular, if a company sells products through multiple in-store stores across multiple locations, it would be helpful to increase sales and profitability of stores if SKUs appealing to customers are recommended. In this study, the recommender system (recommender system such as collaborative filtering and hybrid filtering), which has been used for personalization recommendation, is suggested by SKU recommendation method of a store unit of a distribution company that handles a homogeneous brand through a plurality of sales stores by country and region. We calculated the similarity of each store by using the purchase data of each store's handling items, filtering the collaboration according to the sales history of each store by each SKU, and finally recommending the individual SKU to the store. In addition, the store is classified into four clusters through PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and cluster analysis (Clustering) using the store profile data. The recommendation system is implemented by the hybrid filtering method that applies the collaborative filtering in each cluster and measured the performance of both methods based on actual sales data. Most of the existing recommendation systems have been studied by recommending items such as movies and music to the users. In practice, industrial applications have also become popular. In the meantime, there has been little research on recommending SKUs for each store by applying these recommendation systems, which have been mainly dealt with in the field of personalization services, to the store units of distributors handling similar brands. If the recommendation method of the existing recommendation methodology was 'the individual field', this study expanded the scope of the store beyond the individual domain through a plurality of sales stores by country and region and dealt with the store unit of the distribution company handling the same brand SKU while suggesting a recommendation method. In addition, if the existing recommendation system is limited to online, it is recommended to apply the data mining technique to develop an algorithm suitable for expanding to the store area rather than expanding the utilization range offline and analyzing based on the existing individual. The significance of the results of this study is that the personalization recommendation algorithm is applied to a plurality of sales outlets handling the same brand. A meaningful result is derived and a concrete methodology that can be constructed and used as a system for actual companies is proposed. It is also meaningful that this is the first attempt to expand the research area of the academic field related to the existing recommendation system, which was focused on the personalization domain, to a sales store of a company handling the same brand. From 05 to 03 in 2014, the number of stores' sales volume of the top 100 SKUs are limited to 52 SKUs by collaborative filtering and the hybrid filtering method SKU recommended. We compared the performance of the two recommendation methods by totaling the sales results. The reason for comparing the two recommendation methods is that the recommendation method of this study is defined as the reference model in which offline collaborative filtering is applied to demonstrate higher performance than the existing recommendation method. The results of this model are compared with the Hybrid filtering method, which is a model that reflects the characteristics of the offline store view. The proposed method showed a higher performance than the existing recommendation method. The proposed method was proved by using actual sales data of large Korean apparel companies. In this study, we propose a method to extend the recommendation system of the individual level to the group level and to efficiently approach it. In addition to the theoretical framework, which is of great value.

• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.125-141
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• 2001

In this paper, the current problems of logistics industry in Korea and their possible solutions were discussed. With Korea Telecoms KT-Logis, the supplier and demander of logistics service would not have to invest large sum of money into their computer system. All they need is just a computer with internet connected. What KT-Logis influence on the logistics industry are the following; 1. Many logistics service supplier and demander can do the business on the web with one computer system. 2. This web based computer system does not only work on the office but also apply on the field worker such as delivery personnel or even the forwarder with mobile phone. 3. KT-Logis is an integrated system which cover the broad arrange of logistics management from truck management to customer relations management. 4. Finally, KT-Logis is web based systems which suits for current e-business and mobile environment. In future, more studies should be done to develop more progressive integrated logistics information systems with enterprise resource planning(ERP) and supply chain management(SCM).

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2013

During the past decade, many changes and attempts have been tried and are continued developing new technologies in the computing area. The brick wall in computing area, especially power wall, changes computing paradigm from computing hardwares including processor and system architecture to programming environment and application usage. The high performance computing (HPC) area, especially, has been experienced catastrophic changes, and it is now considered as a key to the national competitiveness. In the late 2000's, many leading countries rushed to develop Exascale supercomputing systems, and as a results tens of PetaFLOPS system are prevalent now. In Korea, ICT is well developed and Korea is considered as a one of leading countries in the world, but not for supercomputing area. In this paper, we describe architecture design of MAHA supercomputing system which is aimed to develop 300 TeraFLOPS system for bio-informatics applications like human genome analysis and protein-protein docking. MAHA supercomputing system is consists of four major parts - computing hardware, file system, system software and bio-applications. MAHA supercomputing system is designed to utilize heterogeneous computing accelerators (co-processors like GPGPUs and MICs) to get more performance/$, performance/area, and performance/power. To provide high speed data movement and large capacity, MAHA file system is designed to have asymmetric cluster architecture, and consists of metadata server, data server, and client file system on top of SSD and MAID storage servers. MAHA system softwares are designed to provide user-friendliness and easy-to-use based on integrated system management component - like Bio Workflow management, Integrated Cluster management and Heterogeneous Resource management. MAHA supercomputing system was first installed in Dec., 2011. The theoretical performance of MAHA system was 50 TeraFLOPS and measured performance of 30.3 TeraFLOPS with 32 computing nodes. MAHA system will be upgraded to have 100 TeraFLOPS performance at Jan., 2013.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2007

In this paper, an eye tracking method is presented using a neural network (NN) and mean-shift algorithm that can accurately detect and track user's eyes under the cluttered background. In the proposed method, to deal with the rigid head motion, the facial region is first obtained using skin-color model and con-nected-component analysis. Thereafter the eye regions are localized using neural network (NN)-based tex-ture classifier that discriminates the facial region into eye class and non-eye class, which enables our method to accurately detect users' eyes even if they put on glasses. Once the eye region is localized, they are continuously and correctly tracking by mean-shift algorithm. To assess the validity of the proposed method, it is applied to the interface system using eye movement and is tested with a group of 25 users through playing a 'aligns games.' The results show that the system process more than 30 frames/sec on PC for the $320{\times}240$ size input image and supply a user-friendly and convenient access to a computer in real-time operation.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.35-43
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• 2016

In this study, by using a Effective Microorganisms Brewing Cycle, it confirmed the purification effect of pollutants that are adsorbed on the basins stench removal and retarding soil. On the basis of on-site application test, a soil decontamination system will be suggested. Using a Effective Microorganisms Brewing Cycle, the odor concentration is reduced 2.5 times than that of natural purification treatment method. It was measured and found that the quality of the pore water discharged from the soil is improved. In addition, it was found that a composite of copper and lead with the fermentation microorganisms adsorbed on soil particles from the surface of the stirred experiments lagoon mixed soil is reduced to 65% and 66%, respectively, The TPH organic component was confirmed that the reduction effect of 85%. Restoration of reservoir contaminated soils using the effective microorganism brewing cycle needs to be more developed and implemented as a long-term purification system. This study may be a good reference of developing more complete microorganism brewing system which will efficiently reduce the odor and soil contamination based on optimal stirring and mixing ratio of the compound solutions and contaminated soils in reservoir.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.50-56
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• 1994

Fiber-optic biosensor for the detection of organophosphorus compounds in a contaminated water was developed, which was the component of pesticides and agricultural agent. The detection principle of designed sensor was the pH variance induced by a reaction of acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibited by organophosphorus compounds. The pH variance was detected by the optical system to measure the organophosphorus compounds. Litmus was selected as the pH-sensitive dye suitable to the enzyme reaction and a light source to be detected by the optical system. The enzyme entrapped in Ca-alginate gel was immobilized at the inner wall to maintain the high activity of enzyme and to be reused for a long period. The optical fiber was used to miniaturize and control remotely the sensor system. The He-Ne laser with 632 nm was selected as the light source to prevent light intensity fluctuation by the product. Cheap plastic optical fibers were used as the transmission part of the light and the phototransistor was used as the reception part of light based on the wavelength of He-Ne laser. The proposed fiber-optic biosensor has the linear analytical range of 0 ppm-1.5 ppm with response time of 5 minutes.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.7B
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• pp.1313-1321
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• 1999

The two-phase locking protocol(2PL) is the most widely-used concurrency control mechanism for guaranteeing logical consistency of data in a database environment where a number of transactions perform concurrently. The problem inherent in the 2PL protocol is a deadlock, where a set of transactions holding some locks indefinitely wait an additional lock that is already held by other transactions in the set. The deadlock detector is a DBMS sub-component that examines periodically whether a system is in a deadlock state based on lock waiting information of transactions. The deadlock detector and transactions execute concurrently in a DBMS and read and/or write the lock waiting information simultaneously. Since the lock waiting information is a shared one, we need an efficient method guaranteeing its physical consistency by using mutual exclusion. The efficiency of the mutual exclusion method is crucial especially in a main memory DBMS with high performance since it seriously affects the performance of an entire system. In this paper, we propose a new method that effectively guarantees physical consistency of lock waiting information. Two primary goals of our method are to minimize the processing overhead and to maximize system concurrency.