• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.577-582
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• 2005

Enormous apartment complexes in urban areas, temporary inversion state and heat island effect occur due to the strong sunshine and weak wind speeds which hinders the dispersion of air pollutants that are emitted from neighboring areas of apartment complexes. In this study, analysis were conducted by using the Fluent code based on the CFD(Computation Fluid Dynamics), including building layout, material, building height from the ground surface, the heat, analysis of flow field in the apartment complex. It was estimated that the temporal radiation inversion phenomenon during the daytime, which was caused by the weak wind speed and higher temperatures in the upper level, contributed to the stagnation of the air pollutants in the lower layer of the apartment complex.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.365-375
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• 2019

Background: Oxidative stress plays an important role in neuro-degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Oxidative stress is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, and account for the toxicity of a wide range of compounds. Methods and Results: In order to study the neuro-protective effect of the complex extracts of Aster scaber Thunberg (AS) and Chaenoleles sinensis Koehne (CSK) against hydrogen peroxide in PC12 cells, cell viability was evaluated by the MTT assay using tetrazole, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and the intracellular ROS levels were determined the by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assay. In order to examine the anti-amnesic effects of the complex extracts of AS and CSK, behavioral tests were performed on male ICR mice. The ameliorating effect of the complex extracts against Aβ_1-42-induced learning and memory impairment was analyzed by y-maze and passive avoidance tests. The AS and CSK extracts showed neuro-protective activity both in vitro and in vivo, and the neuro-protective effect of their 60 : 40 (AS : CSK) mixture was better than that of the other mixtures. Moreover, the complex extracts synergistically inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity and rapid peroxidation. Conclusions: A mixture of the AS and CSK extracts could be used to develop functional foods and serve as raw materials for the development of therapeutics against Alzheimer's disease.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.341-352
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• 2019

최근 지역적으로 문화 사업을 다양하게 진행하고 있는 시점에서 문화예술을 제공받을 수 있는 공간 또한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 부산에 소재하는 F1963을 선정하여 분석하였다. 복합문화공간의 브랜드 자산은 브랜드 이미지, 브랜드 인식, 브랜드 품질에 대한 자각, 충성도 4가지 브랜드 자산 요인이 고객의 만족도와 지역 발전에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 복합문화공간의 브랜드 자산과 지역발전의 관계에서 고객만족이 매개 효과를 하는지 알아보고자 한다. 분석결과 복합문화공간의 브랜드 자산은 이용객들의 만족도에 정(+)의 영향이 있었다. 또한 복합문화공간의 브랜드 자산은 지역 발전에도 긍정적인 영향이 있다고 나타났다. 이용객들이 복합문화공간에서 얻은 만족감은 복합문화공간 자체가 가지는 브랜드 자산이 지역 발전에 영향을 미치는데 매개 효과를 한다고 나타났다. 본 연구를 통한 시사점은 복합문화공간이 지역에 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 시사하면서 지역사회 및 지자체에서는 문화예술 활동의 다양성을 통해 복합문화공간의 브랜드화를 할 필요가 있다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.625-638
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• 1999

Air quality modeling for coastal urban region has been composed of a complex system including meteorological, chemical and physical processes and emission characteristics in complex terrain. In this study, we studied about an effect prediction for deposition phenomenon affecting on air quality in Pusan metopolitan metropolitan city. In air quality modeling including ship sources, a situation considered deposition process habe better result than not considered when compared with observed value. Air pollutants emitted into urban air during the daytime nearly removed through urban atmosphere polluted. Also these phenomena correlated concentration variation connent with sea/land breezes and terrain effect. Therefore we conclude that the concentration was low at daytime when deposition flux is high, and deposition effect on industrial complex and Dongrae region is considerable in particular.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.71-84
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of orthopedic forces on the craniofacial complex utilizing the three kinds of the head gear. (high pull head gear, straight pull head gear, cervical pull head gear) For this study, the teeth and alveolar bone and palate were reproduced from birefringent materials and other parts of craniofacial complex were coated with birefringent material on the model. The effect of orthopedic forces on the craniofacial complex was analyzed by photoelastic method using transmission polariscope and reflection polariscope. The results were as follows. 1. The cervical pull head gear had the greatest tipping effect on the maxillary molars and high pull head gear had the least tipping effect. 2. In areas stressed, the cervical pull head gear stressed the greatest degree. 3. Only cervical pull head gear produced stress at the zygomaticofrontal suture and the posterior region of palate. 4. The straight pull head gear and high pull head gear produced stress at just inferior to the anterior nasal spine. 5. The cervical pull head gear and straight pull head gear produced tensile stress at the fronto-maxillary suture. 6. The pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone, the zygomatic arches, the junction of the maxilla with the lacrimal and ethmoid bone, and the maxillary molars were affected by three types of head gear.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2012

We derive the point-spread function of the reconstructed image from a point-source complex hologram, which includes phase error caused by polarization components, in the longitudinal direction of the point-spread function and analyze the effect of the error sources of polarization components having influence on image reconstruction of a point-source complex hologram in incoherent triangular holography.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.297-298
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• 2006

Free-machining agent 'KSX' contains complex calcium oxide is developed. The effect of admix ratio of KSX on mechanical properties and machinability with two different cutting speeds is reported. KSX displays improved machinability without deterioration of mechanical properties up to 0.3mass% addition. It was observed that KSX is effective with a small addition of 0.1mass% at slower cutting speed, and increased of admix ratio is effective at faster cutting speed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of $ACTIValoe^{(R)}$ N-931 complex, a mixture of Aloe vera and Silybum marianum, against acute liver injuries. Acute liver damages were induced by intraperitoneal injection of galactosamine (GalN, 700 mg/kg), naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT, 40 mg/kg) and ethionine (500 mg/kg). $ACTIValoe^{(R)}$ N-931 (85, 170 and 340) was administered orally 48 h, 24 h, 2 h before and 6 h after the injection of hepatotoxins. At 24 h after GalN treatment the levels of serum aminotransferases and hepatic lipid peroxidation were significantly elevated, whereas hepatic glutathione, serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol were decreased. These changes were attenuated by $ACTIValoe^{(R)}$ N-931 complex. The serum aminotransferase activities and total bilirubin significantly increased at 48 h after ANIT treatment, but were attenuated by $ACTIValoe^{(R)}$ N-931 complex. The bile flow was lower after ANIT treatment, which was restored by $ACTIValoe^{(R)}$ N-931 complex. $ACTIValoe^{(R)}$ N-931 complex reduced the ethionine-induced elevated hepatic TG contents. Histopathological analysis revealed that signs of liver injury were prominent at 24 h as result of ethionine injection, demonstrated by extensive areas of fatty change and microvesicular steatosis were observed around cells. These changes were attenuated by $ACTIValoe^{(R)}$ N-931 complex. Our results suggest that the $ACTIValoe^{(R)}$ N-931 complex has a protective effect on acute liver injury.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.673-676
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Lactobacillus brevis G101 suppresses the absorption of monosodium glutamate (MSG) from the intestine into the blood in mice. Therefore, the attenuating effect of orally administered G101 on monosodium glutamate (MSG) symptom complex was investigated in humans MATERIALS/METHODS: Capsules (300 mg) containing Lactobacillus brevis G101 ($1{\times}10^{10}CFU/individual$) or maltodextrin (placebo) was orally administered in 30 respondents with self-recognized monosodium glutamate (MSG) symptom complex for 5 days and the rice with black soybean sauce containing 6 g MSG (RBSM) was ingested 30 min after the final administration. Thereafter, the MSG symptom complex (rated on a 5-point scale: 1, none; 5, strong) was investigated in a double blind placebo controlled study. The intensity of the MSG symptom complex was significantly reduced in respondents of the G101 intake group ($2.87{\pm}0.73$) compared to that in those treated with the placebo ($3.63{\pm}1.03$) (P = 0.0016). Respondents in the placebo group exhibited more of the various major conditions of the MSG symptom complex than in the G101 intake group. Although there was no significant difference in the appearance time of the MSG symptom complex between subjects orally administered G101 and those administered the placebo, its disappearance in < 3 h was observed in 69.9% of subjects in the G101 treatment group and in 38.0% of subjects in the placebo group (P = 0.0841). CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration of Lactobacillus brevis G101 may be able to reduce the intensity of the MSG symptom complex.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2017

Background: Both ginsenoside Re and B-complex vitamins are widely used as nutritional supplements. They are often taken together so as to fully utilize their antifatigue and refreshing effects, respectively. Whether actually a drug-nutrient interaction exists between ginsenoside Re and B-complex vitamins is still unknown. The objective of this study was to simultaneously investigate the effect of B-complex vitamins on the antifatigue activity and bioavailability of ginsenoside Re after their oral administration. The study results will provide valuable theoretical guidance for the combined utilization of ginseng and B-complex vitamins. Methods: Ginsenoside Re with or without B-complex vitamins was orally administered to mice to evaluate its antifatigue effects and to rats to evaluate its bioavailability. The antifatigue activity was evaluated by the weight-loaded swimming test and biochemical parameters, including hepatic glycogen, plasma urea nitrogen, and blood lactic acid. The concentration of ginsenoside Re in plasma was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: No antifatigue effect of ginsenoside Re was noted when ginsenoside Re in combination with B-complex vitamins was orally administered to mice. B-complex vitamins caused to a reduction in the bioavailability of ginsenoside Re with the area under the concentration-time curve from zero to infinity markedly decreasing from $11,830.85{\pm}2,366.47h{\cdot}ng/mL$ to $890.55{\pm}372.94h{\cdot}ng/mL$. Conclusion: The results suggested that there were pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug-nutrient interactions between ginsenoside Re and B-complex vitamins. B-complex vitamins can significantly weaken the antifatigue effect and decrease the bioavailability of ginsenoside Re when simultaneously administered orally.