• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.142-151
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• 2000

Objectives and Methods : This study was conducted to investigate chief complaints among famers. The subjects of this study were 640 famers who live in the rural area in Wanju-gun Jeonbuk province. They were received medical treatment by oriental doctors who visited each village from July 1996 to June 1999. The data of this study were collected from their medical charts . Results and Conclusions : The number of female patients was 449(70.16%) and the number of male patients was 191(29.84%). The group of patients above 70 years was 32.81%, 60-69 years 32.03%, 50-59 years 20.15%, 40-49 years 8.90%, and bellow 39 years 6.09%. The most frequent complaint in farmers was low back pain(27.16%) the second was knee joint pain(16.14%), the third was shoulder Pain(12.06%), and the fourth was headache-dizziness(9.59%). The frequency of musculoskeletal disease(64.48%) was most high, and cardiovascular disease(11.33%) was the second, gstrointestinal disease(10.73%) was the third, respiratory disease(3.42%) was the fourth. It is necessary to pay attention to musculoskeletal disease-especially low back pain and knee joint pain- in study and treatment of farmer's disease.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.105-127
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• 2013

Objectives : We examined the use of the moxibustion through survey on Korean Medicine Doctors (KMDs) on preparation of universal moxa product standard by fully reflecting opinions of practitioners and the industry. Methods : The questionnaire is composed of 25 questions including use of indirect moxa, side effects, complaints and improvements, general characteristics and so on, and were responded by 1,588 KMDs. For statistics, frequency analysis, chi-square analysis, T-test and ANOVA were conducted using SPSS 12.0 for windows, and the significance level was 0.05. Results : In this research, 91% of the responded KMDs was using moxibustion, and the proportion of using mediate moxibustion was shown as 63.2%. They used mediate moxibustion for side effects of direct moxa method such as risk of burn, ease of use, control of stimulation and so on. And it was mostly being conducted to women and 40 ages. Most respondents gave moxibustion treatments for the purpose of thermal stimulation on acupoint to musculoskeletal diseases. Most respondents were treating 1~2 pieces of moxibustion to patients by moxibustion points to those of 1~2 regions every time within 10 minutes. Regarding the frequency of side effects of mediate moxibustion, within 3% of respondents had experienced side effects, and the types were burn, flare and itchiness, odor and smoke. The dissatisfaction of mediate moxibustion products was moderate(2.00 out of 5 point scale), and went up public health doctors, the younger ages and the shorter clinical experience. Complaints on mediate moxibustion products were serious odor, poor attachment, risk of burn etc. Regarding ways to improve mediate moxibustion, the expansion of moxibustion's insurance cost carne out highest, followed by preparation of manual on efficacy, strengthening of training, acquiring evidence on efficacy, diversification of specifications, safety improvement, quality improvement of mediate moxibustion products. Conclusions: Many KMDs use for ease of use and give moxibustion treatments for thermal stimulation but they complain about safety, efficacy and quality of mediate moxibustion. After this it is considered that we have to elevate therapeutic effect through the improvement of mediate moxibustion products.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.239-262
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• 2016

This study aims to explore ways to improve self-censorship tendency in teacher librarians by identifying factors that influence the self-censorship which appears during collection development in elementary school libraries. For this purpose, first, we examined the concept of self-censorship through a review of related literature, then carried out a series of in-depth interviews as a pilot study to develop a questionnaire, which was used for a questionnaire survey. Finally, the survey data was analyzed statistically with SPSS 21.0, a statistical package. As a result, we have discovered statistically significant relationships between self-censorship and the characteristics in collection development policies, school library committees, and the complaints related with the library collections. Based on these results, the factors on the self-censorship were identified in the perception of the school librarians. Based on these results, we suggest to reinforce the function of review and approval of book selection in the school library committee, developed and approved a collection development policy include guidelines for dealing with users' complaints related to library collection, and stipulated a regulation for school library operation to remove inappropriate books from the library collection.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.10
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• pp.380-385
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• 2015

Purpose: Croup is a common pediatric respiratory illness with symptoms of varying severity. Moreover, epiglottitis is a rare disease that can rapidly progress to life-threatening airway obstruction. Although the clinical course and treatments differ between croup and epiglottitis, they are difficult to differentiate on presentation. We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of croup and epiglottitis in Emergency Department patients. Methods: The 2012 National Emergency Department Information System database of 146 Korean Emergency Departments was used to investigate patients aged ${\leq}18years$ presenting with croup or epiglottitis. Results: We analyzed 19,374 croup patients and 236 epiglottitis patients. The male:female sex ratios were 1.9:1 and 2.3:1 and mean ages were $2.2{\pm}2.0$ and $5.6{\pm}5.8years$, respectively. The peak incidence of croup was observed in July and that of epiglottitis was observed in May. The hospitalization rate was lower in croup than in epiglottitis patients, and the proportion of patients treated in the intensive care unit was lower among croup patients. The 3 most common chief complaints in both croup and epiglottitis patients were cough, fever, and dyspnea. Epiglottitis patients experienced dyspnea, sore throat, and vomiting more often than croup patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both groups had similar sex ratios, arrival times, 3 most common chief complaints, and 5 most common comorbidities. Epiglottitis patients had a lower incidence rate, higher mean age of onset, and higher hospitalization rate and experienced dyspnea, sore throat, and vomiting more often than croup patients. Our results may help in the differential diagnosis of croup and epiglottitis.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.59-66
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• 2019

Purpose - Many studies show that dissatisfied customers are silent rather than expressing complaints directly to firms. Although silent voices are pervasive in service failure, they have received little attention from researchers. Silence implies a multidimensional nature, not just the opposite of voice. This study focuses on two types of silent students in higher education: acquiescent silence and defensive silence. This study also proposes cognitive trust and affective trust as variables affecting student silence. The objective of this study is to analyse the effects of trust types on student silence and exit intention. Research design, data, and methodology - To test the proposed model, this study conducted a survey with undergraduate students who selected silence in a dissatisfied relationship with a professor. Respondents were asked to respond to the questionnaire, recalling the dissatisfaction at that time. A total of 300 students was surveyed from whom 275 completed questionnaires was obtained. The structural equation model analysis was used for the hypothesis test. Results - First, cognitive trust was negatively related to acquiescent and defensive silence. Second, affective trust was negatively related to acquiescent and defensive silence. Third, cognitive trust was negatively exit intention, but affective trust didn't significantly reduce exit intention. Forth, acquiescent silence was positively related to exit intention, but defensive silence didn't have a significant positive impact on exit intention. Thus, a key result of this analysis was that acquiescent silence enhances exit intention. Conclusions - The findings of the study provide a better understanding of the types of silence, and the role of trust, thus furthering the implication of student reactions to dissatisfaction. In particular, this study is meaningful in that it confirms the value of student silence in the context of complaint management. Acquiescent silence should be more importantly managed because it has stronger negative motive than defensive silence. Acquiescent silence is reduced through various channels(mail, telephone, counseling) that can express complaints. Cognitive trust and affective trust are a essential factors in reducing silence. Also, in explaining exit intention, cognitive trust plays a more important role than affective trust.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.5 s.112
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• pp.31-42
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• 2005

This study has been conducted in order to better understand a concrete and evidential disagreement that resulted from a conflict caused by the exploitation of folk village for tourism purposes. The purpose of this study was to analyze more realistically the phenomenon of the disagreement that originated from sightseeing in the hahoe folk villages by focusing on the problem between the ive groups as a potential and continual impediment to tourism. Two groups, residents and tourists, were compared in order to determine the underlying factors of the disagreement regarding exploitation of folk villages for tourism The two groups were clearly split: inhabitants of the village considered such exploitation negative, while tourists accepted it as positive. The two groups showed different understandings of the topic residents were in favor of the preservation of the physical resources, but against exposure of their private lives to the public, while tourists strongly respected the preservation of the resources of the village. A comparison of the common phenomena of disagreement between the two groups was performed, Variables that showed different responses between the two groups were loss of privacy of individual houses, verbal aggression and physical conflicts between the groups, and lack of administration. In most of the cases of disagreement, residents considered the disagreement phenomena to be more serious than tourists did except in one case: tourists placed a greater importance on the ugly view of the street market. Finally, in order to analyze the factors that impacted the level of the disagreement, a multiple regression analysis was conducted. Disagreement factors affecting tourists were verbal aggression between the groups, complaints about lodging and dining facilities, complaints about tourist facilities, and negligence of the administration in responding to requests. Among these, the most influential factor was verbal aggression between the groups. In fact, individual feelings between tourists and residents proved to be the biggest influence on the level of disagreement.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.218-224
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• 2016

Background: Butchering is often associated with high rates of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). However, published work on the prevalence of WRMSDs among butchers in Nigeria is scarce. This is important because meat processing practices differ across geographical and cultural locations. This study was therefore aimed at analyzing WRMSDs among butchers in Kano metropolis. Methods: Sociodemographic and work-settings information was obtained from 102 male cattle butchers (age, $37.49{\pm}11.68years$) through survey. Information on the prevalence and pattern of musculoskeletal disorders was obtained from the respondents using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. Additional information on health seeking practices was also obtained using a pro forma. Associations between the prevalence of WRMSDs and each of the sociodemographic data and work settings were explored using Chi-square analysis. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The 12-month and point prevalence rates of WRMSDs among butchers in this study were 88.2% and 74.5%, respectively. Whereas lower back complaints (66.7%) were the overall and lower body quadrant's most commonly reported WRMSDs among the butchers surveyed, wrist/hand complaints were the leading upper quadrant's (45.1%) most commonly reported WRMSDs among the respondents. There were significant associations between age and majority of WRMSDs in the body regions. Only 23.3% of the 90 individuals who had WRMSD visited the hospital to seek redress for their WRMSD. Conclusion: The prevalence of WRMSDs is high among butchers in Kano Metropolis. Few individuals with WRMSD utilize healthcare facilities. Age is a major risk factor in this setting.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.621-629
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• 2007

This study intends to investigate the characteristics of the foul smell of sewer pipes near large apartment complexes as complaints about offensive odors have drastically increased in urban residential areas. Targeting apartments where people actually complained about foul orders, the study result revealed that components in the smell of the water-purifier tank of the target apartment were very similar to those of sewage treatment plants and night soil treatment plants. Measuring components of odors inside the management layer of tank showed that the concentration of hydrogen sulfide was 10ppm, which is approximately 160 times the safety standard of 0.06ppm; the concentration of mercaptan was 0.9ppm, which is about 220 times the safety standard of 0.004ppm. The source materials of foul odors were discharged outside through ducts, and those households living near outlets producing bad smell complain that it gets worse depending on the air pressure or wind direction and strength, and they could not even open windows. As well, these source materials were transferred by discharge pumps to public sewer pipes outside the apartment complex. While discharge pumps starts operating, they remain on the sewer pipe and then begin to spread over to roads through small openings of manholes on the road. Then, the smell offends passers-by and residents near the road, leading to a lot of complaints. The study results suggest that, among the sources of foul odors in sewer pipes of residential areas, especially those from the water-purifier tank of large apartments, hydrogen sulfide should be the main target for follow-up treatment.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.107-135
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• 2013

Today, the consumer complaining behavior is recognized as a valuable source of marketing information in the company. Therefore, studies on the factors that lead to consumer complaints have been done. In the previous research on consumer complaining behavior, the factors influencing the complaining behavior was focused on the personal characteristics, but factors under company control was rarely identified. We try to identify factors under company's control that have a effect on the likelihood of success of complaining and complaining perceived costs. These factors are tendency to compensate emotionally, tendency to compensate materially, accessibility to complain, empowerment to manage complaint. Through empirical analysis, we proposed company's strategies to encourage consumer's complaint and gave theoretical and managerial implications.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2017

Backgrounds: The demand of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) including Korean Medicine (KM) is increasing worldwide. But cancer patients (CP) still have a difficulty in gathering CAM information or communicating with their doctors, and clinical status in cancer care is unclear in the field of KM in Korea especially. The aim of this study is to examine clinical status of KM for cancer symptom care by KM doctors in medical service institutions. Methods: Total forty nine KM doctors completed the site survey questionnaire. The questionnaire items were to list chief symptom complaints of CP treated with KM and effective KM therapies. Results: The majority of the respondents were general physicians without KM specialist board (67.4%) who have 10-20 years clinical experience with CP (55.1%). Primary cancer lesion, diagnostic status, and treatment period were not different in KM clinical service institutions. In chief symptom complaints of CP treated with KM, gastrointestinal (32.9%), musculoskeletal (19.9%), circulatory & respiratory (16.2%), psychiatric (14.1%), urinary (5.8%) symptoms were in turn. In effective KM therapies assessed by KM doctors, xerostomia (45.7%) and cancer-related fatigue (44.8%) were more effective with herbal treatments. Peripheral neuropathy (43.4%), depression, insomnia (38.2%), and cancer pain (31.9%) were preferred to treat using acupuncture. Conclusion: The CP treated with KM used evenly KM medical service institutions regardless of hospital size, and there will be further survey for CP treated KM in the future.