• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.31-37
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• 2013

Purpose - This study aims to strengthen the economic cooperation between Korea and Japan by studying the pattern of trade between them and identifying drawbacks. Thus, it aims to enable trade expansion by analyzing the factors that affect trade and identifying ways to improve them. If economic cooperation is improved, transport and communication costs, as well as the transaction cost of economic exchanges, can be minimized. Research design, data, methodology - The trade intensity index developed by the Japanese economist Yamazawa under his trade intensity theory was used to analyze the trade decision factor of Korea and Japan. Trade structure and decision factors were analyzed for the target period of 2000 to 2012, and the period ranging from 2000 to 2005 was compared with the period ranging from 2005 to 2012. This paper is an analysis of the resultant time series. The data were collected from Korea Traders Association, Korea Customs Office, and UN Comtrade (2000, 2005, 2012) and whole table indexes were calculated by the author. Trade related index was used to analyze the comparative advantage based on time-series analysis statistics data (2000. 2005, 2012) through an analysis of the trade intensity index (TII), revealed comparative advantage index (RCA), and trade specialization index (TSI). Results - The trade intensity index of the industries of Japan and Korea is 1.814 in 2000. The export ratio of Japan against China was slightly higher at 2.128. TII is indicated to be 1.600 in both 2005 and 2012, which means export ratio of Japan against China is considerably maintained in 2005; however, export ratio of Japan against China is diminishing gradually as its index is 1.600 in 2012. Second, as per the trade specialization index of the ship industry in Japan and China, TSI is indicated to be -0.818 in 2000, -0.308 in 2005, and -0.847 in 2012. Generally, it is still closer to -1 and especially, we can see it is more closer to -1 in 2012. Third, as per the revealed comparative advantage index of the ship industry in Japan and China, the RCA index in 2012 is 0.007, which is quite far from 1 as compared to the value in 2000 and 2005. Hence, the Japanese ship industry has a significant comparative disadvantage against the Chinese ship industry. Conclusions - Both countries invest most of their capital in the shipping industry. It is the shipping industry that receives the most capital investment in the two countries is invested and governmental policy funds are needed. As both countries have large shipping industries, this research project is very valuable. Japan and China are compared because they are Korea's neighbors. Also, Korea is strategically located in Northeast Asia and has a history of foreign intrusion from several countries. Therefore, the purpose of this research study is to understand the trade structures of both countries and intensify the economic cooperation between Japan and China.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.31
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• pp.22.1-22.7
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• 2016

Objectives This study analyzed the associations between mobile phone call frequency and duration with non-specific symptoms. Methods This study was conducted with a population group including 532 non-patient adults established by the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The pattern of phone call using a mobile phone was investigated through face-to-face interview. Structured methods applied to quantitatively assess health effects are Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), Psychosocial Well-being Index-Short Form, Beck Depression Inventory, Korean-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and 12-item Short Form Health Survey where a higher score represents a higher greater health effect. Results The average daily phone call frequency showed a significant correlation with the PSS score in female subjects. Increases in the average duration of one phone call were significantly correlated with increases in the severity of headaches in both sexes. The mean (standard deviation) HIT-6 score in the subgroup of subjects whose average duration of one phone call was five minutes or longer was 45.98 (8.15), as compared with 42.48 (7.20) in those whose average duration of one phone call was <5 minutes. The severity of headaches was divided into three levels according to the HIT-6 score (little or no impact/moderate impact/substantial or severe impact), and a logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between an increased phone call duration and the headache severity. When the average duration of one phone call was five minutes or longer, the odds ratio (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the moderate impact group were 2.22 and 1.18 to 4.19, respectively. The OR and 95% CI for the substantial or severe impact group were 4.44 and 2.11 to 8.90, respectively. Conclusions Mobile phone call duration was not significantly associated with stress, sleep, cognitive function, or depression, but was associated with the severity of headaches.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2016

Purpose - In this paper, the degree of similarity and dissimilarity between pairs of 50 major cities in China can be shown on the basis of three evaluation variables(internet businessman index, internet shopping index and e-commerce development index). Dissimilarity distance matrix is used to analyze both similarity and dissimilarity between each fifty city in China by calculating dissimilarity as distance. Higher value signifies higher degree of dissimilarity between two cities. Cluster analysis is exploited to classify 50 cities into a number of different groups such that similar cities are placed in the same group. In addition, multidimensional scaling(MDS) technique can obtain visual representation for exploring the pattern of proximities among 50 major cities in China based on three development performance attributes. Research design, data, and methodology - This research is performed by the 2013 report provided with AliResearch in China(1/1/2013~11/30/2013) and utilized multivariate methods such as dissimilarity distance matrix, cluster analysis and MDS by using CLUSTER, KMEANS, PROXIMITIES and ALSCAL procedures in SPSS 21.0. Results - This research applies two types of cluster analysis and MDS on three development performances based on the 2013 report of Aliresearch. As a result, it is confirmed that grouping is possible by categorizing the types into four clusters which share similar characteristics. MDS is exploited to carry out positioning of both grouped locations of cluster and 50 major cities belonging to each cluster. Since all the values corresponding to Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Hangzhou(which belong to cluster 1 among 50 major cities) are very large, these cities are superior to other cities in all three evaluation attributes. Twelve cities(Beijing, ShangHai, Jinghua, ZhuHai, XiaMen, SuZhou, NanJing, DongWan, ZhangShan, JiaXing, NingBo and FoShan), which belong to cluster 3, are inferior to those of cluster 1 in terms of all three attributes, but they can be expected to be the next e-commerce revolution. The rest of major cities, in particular, which belong to cluster 4 are relatively inferior in all three attributes, so that this automatically evokes creative innovation, which leads to e-commerce development as a whole in China. In terms of internet businessman index, on the other hand, Tainan, Taizhong, and Gaoxiong(which belong to cluster 2) are situated superior to others. However, these three cities are inferior to others in an internet shopping index sense. The rest of major cities, in particular, which belong to cluster 4 are relatively inferior in all three evaluation attributes, so that this automatically evokes innovation and entrepreneurship, which leads to e-commerce development as a whole in China. Conclusions - This study suggests the implications to help e-governmental officers and companies make strategies in both Korea and China. This is expected to give some useful information in understanding the recent situation of e-commerce in China, by looking over development performances of 50 major cities. Therefore, we should develop marketing, branding and communication relevant to online Chinese consumers. One of these efforts will be incentives like loyalty points and coupons that can encourage consumers and building in-house logistics networks.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2008

D. W. KANG, J. S. CHOI, and G. R. TACK, A Study on Real-Time Sports Activity Classification & Monitoring Using a Tri-axial Accelerometer. Korean Jouranl of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 59-64, 2008. This study was conducted to study the real-time sports activity classification and monitoring using single waist mounted tri-axial accelerometer. This monitoring system detects events of sports activities such as walking, running, cycling, transitions between movements, resting and emergency event of falls. Accelerometer module was developed small and easily attachable on waist using wireless communication system which does not constrain sports activities. The sensor signal was transferred to PC and each movement pattern was classified using the developed algorithm in real-time environment. To evaluate proposed algorithm, experiment was performed with several sports activities such as walking, running, cycling movement for 100sec each and falls, transition movements(sit to stand, lie to stand, stand to sit, lie to sit, stand to lie and sit to lie) for 20 times each with 5 healthy subjects. The results showed that successful detection rate of the system for all activities was 95.4%. In this study, through sports activity monitoring. it was possible to classify accurate sports activities and to notify emergency event such as falls. For further study, the accurate energy consumption algorithm for each sports activity is under development.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.550-559
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• 2018

The effectiveness of deep neural networks (DNNs) for detection and classification of micro-Doppler signals generated by human walking and background noise sources is investigated. Previous research included a complex process for extracting meaningful features that directly affect classifier performance, and this feature extraction is based on experiences and statistical analysis. However, because a DNN gradually reconstructs and generates features through a process of passing layers in a network, the preprocess for feature extraction is not required. Therefore, binary classifiers and multiclass classifiers were designed and analyzed in which multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) and DNNs were applied, and the effectiveness of DNNs for recognizing micro-Doppler signals was demonstrated. Experimental results showed that, in the case of MLPs, the classification accuracies of the binary classifier and the multiclass classifier were 90.3% and 86.1%, respectively, for the test dataset. In the case of DNNs, the classification accuracies of the binary classifier and the multiclass classifier were 97.3% and 96.1%, respectively, for the test dataset.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.423-430
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• 2013

Recently, the personal identification technologies using vein pattern of back of the hand, palm, and finger have been developed actively because it has the advantage that the vein blood vessel in the body is impossible to damage, make a replication and forge. However, it is difficult to extract clearly the vein region from captured vein images through common image prcessing based region segmentation method, because of the light scattering and non-uniform internal tissue by skin layer and inside layer skeleton, etc. Especially, it takes a long time for processing time and makes a discontinuity of blood vessel just in a image because it has non-uniform illumination due to use a locally different adaptive threshold for the binarization of acquired finger-vein image. To solve this problem, we propose illumination normalization based fast method for extracting the finger-vein region. The proposed method has advantages compared to the previous methods as follows. Firstly, for remove a non-uniform illumination of the captured vein image, we obtain a illumination component of the captured vein image by using a low-pass filter. Secondly, by extracting the finger-vein path using one time binarization of a single threshold selection, we were able to reduce the processing time. Through experimental results, we confirmed that the accuracy of extracting the finger-vein region was increased and the processing time was shortened than prior methods.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5796-5800
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• 2014

This paper presents reconfigurable beam steering patch antenna with high gain for a wireless headset. Because existing antenna for wireless communication in headsets has an omni-directional radiation pattern, it has a deleterious effect in the vicinity of the human head. To reduce this effect, this paper proposed an antenna comprised of a U-slot and manufactured on a FR-4 substrate. The antenna operating at the 2.37-2.5 GHz band used a tapered matching method to match the impedance between the feed part and patch part. To implement the beam steering capability, the antenna used two PIN diodes. Using PIN diodes, the antenna presented three states ($S_0$, $S_1$ and $S_2$) in the maximum beam directions of the YZ-plane ($0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $330^{\circ}$, respectively). The peak gains of the antenna in the headset were 4.22-5.15 dBi. The fabricated antenna could communicate efficiently with a wireless headset.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.94-101
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• 2015

The display device is an important video information communication system device to connect between human and device. it transfers the information as characters, shapes, images and pattern to enable recognizing by eyes. Theres absolutely needs some key functions and role to quickly display informations. It can analyse a information through a PPI Scope of a cathode-ray tube(CRT) displays information which can perform a role. this research proposed a radar device to display informations as received signal. The radar display researches can apply to fixed function graphics pipeline algorithms of the large capacity type through a vertical blanking interval and buffer swap of display unit. Also, it can be possible to apply to performed algorithms to FPGA logic without high-performance graphics processing unit GPU through synchronization which can implement a display system. In this paper, we improved the affordability and reliability through proposed research. 이So, we have studied the radar display unit which can change a flat display from radar display of CRT radar display.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.203-217
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• 2007

In this paper, a performance evaluation model of Networks with the multiple-buffered crossbar switches is proposed and examined. Buffered switch technique is well known to solve the data collision problem of the switch networks. The characteristic of a network with crossbar switches is determined by both the connection pattern of the switches and the limitation of data flow in a each switch. In this thesis, the evaluation models of three different networks : Multistage interconnection network, Fat-tree network, and other ordinary communication network are developed. The proposed evaluation model is developed by investigating the transfer patterns of data packets in a switch with output-buffers. Two important parameters of the network performance, throughput and delay, are evaluated. The proposed model takes simple and primitive switch networks, i.e., no flow control and drop packet, to demonstrate analysis procedures clearly. It, however, can not only be applied to any other complicate modern switch networks that have intelligent flow control but also estimate the performance of any size networks with multiple-buffered switches. To validate the proposed analysis model, the simulation is carried out on the various sizes of networks that uses the multiple buffered crossbar switches. It is shown that both the analysis and the simulation results match closely. It is also observed that the increasing rate of Normalized Throughput is reduced and the Network Delay is getting bigger as the buffer size increased.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2015

Purpose: Maximizing human comfort in design of medical environments depends immensely on specialized architects particularly critical care design; the study proposes Evidence-Based Design as an apparent analog to Evidence-Based Medicine. Healthcare facility designs are substantially based on the findings of study in an effort to design environments that augment care by improving patient safety and being therapeutic. On SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) t-test is applied to simulate two independent variables of PDR (Pre Design-Research) and POE (Post- Occupancy Evaluation). PDR is conducted on relatively new hospital Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital to analyse visibility from researchers' point of view, here the ICU is arranged in I-Shape. POE is applied on Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital to simulate walking on LogWare where two NS are designed based on L- Shape and Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea where five NS are functional for ICU Intensive Care Unit, Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU), Critical Care Unit (CCU), Korean Oriental Medical Care Unit which are mostly arranged in U-Shape, and walking pattern is recognized to be in a zigzag path. Method: T-Test is applied on two dependent communication variables: walkability and visibility, with confidence interval of 95%. This study systematically analyses the Nurse Station (NS) typo-morphology, and simulates nurse horizontal circulation, by computing round route visits to patient's bed, then estimating minimum round route on LogWare stop sequence software. The visual connectivity is measured on depth map graphs. Hence the aim is to reduce staff stress and fatigue for better patients care by minimizing staff horizontal travel time and to facilitate nurse walk path and support space distribution by increasing effectiveness in delivering care. Result: Applying visibility graph and isovist field on space syntax on I- Shape, L- Shape and U- Shape ICU (SICU, MICU and CCU) configuration, I-shape facilitated 20% more patients in linear view as they stir to rise from their beds from nurse station compared to U-shape. In conclusion, it was proved that U-Shape supply minimum walking and maximum visibility; and L shape provides just visibility as the nurse is at pivot. I shape provides panoramic view from the Nurse Station but very rigorous walking.