• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.147-156
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• 2011

IATA is playing a central role in the process of changing the international technical standards of common-use system which supports the airport check-in and boarding business in conjunction with the airline systems from CUTE to CUPPS. IATA expects that if the airport common-use system is changed to CUPPS, the development and maintenance costs related to the airline's common-use system can be reduced by the implementation of the standard interface about check-in and boarding business-related equipment and the certification of airline applications. Incheon International Airport is in the face of stiff competition with major Northeast Asian Airports to attract more airlines. To be more competitive than other airports, switching over to CUPPS is vital for airline's cost-saving effect. This study builds on CUPPS international technical standards and suggests design and implementation plans of Incheon International Airport's component-based next-generation common use passenger processing systems to support the various functions of user's requirements.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.8
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• pp.313-318
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• 2016

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a phrase used to describe additional health care methods such as mind/body practices and natural products not regarded as treatments by conventional medicine. The use of CAM in children with common neurologic diseases is more frequent than its use in healthy children (24%-78% vs. 12%). However, less than half of patients report such use to their physicians. The preferred modalities of CAM vary in different countries due to their different cultures and traditions. The most common factor significantly associated with the use of CAM is parental CAM use in most studies. The frequency of the use of CAM in children and adults with neurologic diseases is similar, and both rates are higher than the rates in those without these conditions. The preferred modalities of CAM in adults are diverse, and megavitamins and mind/body therapy (prayer and chiropractic care) are included. The most common factor significantly associated with the use of CAM in adults with neurologic diseases is high educational level. Physicians need to be concerned with patients' use of CAM and provide correct information about CAM so that patients may make the right decisions. Further study is needed to determine the evidence-based efficacy of CAM use in children with common neurologic diseases.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.95-105
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify the relations among management for residents, sense of community and common space for residents which provided in high rise mixed-use residential building constructed at the end of 1990s. Research method was social survey with questionnaire from 178 subjects collected by the snow ball sampling. Statistical analysis was done by the SPSS 10 for Windows program using frequency, percentage, t-test, one-way ANOVA. Research results showed high degree of residents' management satisfaction in the area of fitness space and business service. And they also showed high degree of residents' satisfaction in common space which include swimming pool, shower and sauna facilities. Satisfaction degree of management for residents became high with the support of residents' common space, so the management of residents' common space might be important in the management of high rise mixed-use residential building. Finally, residents' management and residents' common spaces have an important role to enhance the sense of community.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.492-499
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to examine the association between the knowledge and behavior of consumers on antibiotics use for common cold. Consumers' knowledge about antibiotics was measured by a questionnaire consisting of six items related to the effect of antibiotics and another three items about use of antibiotics. Telephone interview was conducted during the days between June 24 and July 2, 2009, and 1,015 persons responded the interview. Final analysis included 896 persons without missing data. Thirty six percent of respondents answered that they checked their prescriptions to ensure that antibiotics was prescribed for common cold. About 6% asked their doctors to prescribe antibiotics for common cold, and 9.7% asked them not to. More than a quarter of respondents answered that they used to take antibiotics leftover from a previous illness. Patients who knew better about the effect of antibiotics on common cold were more likely to ask doctors not to prescribe antibiotics (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.45~3.65), or to check prescriptions (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.40~2.46). Higher knowledge about use of antibiotics was related to low probability of asking doctors to prescribe antibiotics. This result suggests that consumers' knowledge about antibiotics can influence doctor's prescription of antibiotics for common cold.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.123-132
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was testing the attitude differences on common space management between expecting residents and residents in high rise mixed-use residential buildings(MURB). Research method was social survey with questionnaire from 176 residents and 67 expecting residents by snow balling sampling. Research results were 1)residents want mostly 'convenience', but expecting residents want mostly 'amenity' from MURB environment 2)residents and expecting residents showed statistically significant attitude differences on willingly to pay, amount to pay and paying method about common spaces & facilities. 3)above two groups showed statistically significant difference on opening the common spaces & facilities to the community. 4)residents showed higher than expecting residents on impact degree of common spaces & facilities to neighborhood intimacy. 5)most of residents and expecting residents had an idea of 1-2 hour per week volunteer service at common spaces & facilities. Conclusively, survey on expecting residents's opinion might be needed to enhance the usability of common spaces and facilities in MURB. After the residents moving in, periodical evaluation about usability of each spaces & facilities needed to remodel common spaces.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.9-30
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• 2003

This paper tries to suggest a rational proposal for the distribution of compensation of common property fisheries damages caused by a large scale coastal reclamation. For the purpose the paper introduces the approach of alternative cost of the use of fishing ground. The background of the paper is the legal conflict between tenants and non-tenants, both of whom are common owners of seaweed cultivation ground, in the distribution of compensation for damages. In principal, so far as the seaweed cultivation right is a common property of the fishing association, the compensation is also a common property of it. Therefore the distribution method of the compensation entirely depends on the decision of the association. But in case that the numbers of non-tenants is larger than those of tenants, the distribution of the compensation is usually unfavorable to the tenants even though the latter is the key contributor to the realization of present value of the common property. The paper aims to show an appropriate distribution method based on the economic principle of optimal distribution. In others words, the value added to the economic value of alternative use of the fishing ground should be distributed to the tenants. the value amount of alternative use of the fishing ground should be equally distributed to the members of the association.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.89-92
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to clarify the space use pattern and the daily living activities of the elderly with dementia in the common space (living room) of nursing home. The subjects were 2 units(living room) of the nursing home. For this, researcher visited from June 20 to July 2 and collected data by observations of behavior of the elderly with dementia in common space(living room) and interviews with staff for the information about basic characteristics of the elderly with dementia and administration and operation of the facilities. The data were analyzed using the frequency and percentage. The results revealed as follows: first, the daily living activities of the elderly with dementia in common space tended to focus on self-concentration type and physical environment-interest type. Second, physical environmental -interest type. Second, physical environmental characteristics of common space affected space usage pattern of the elderly with dementia. And it was perceived like as living oriented space, social interaction space, facility space, staff oriented space. Conclusively it was suggested to plan dining space as semi-private space, day corner as semi-public space.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.85-92
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• 2002

To investigate the safety of the in-use vehicles emission against the tail-pipe emission regulation, in-use vehicles emission trend according to vehicle mileage should be known. But it is impossible to collect all vehicles emission data In order to know that. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a statistically meaningful inference method that can be used generally to estimate in-use vehicles emissions distribution according to the vehicle mileage with relatively less in-use vehicles emission data. To do this, a linear regression model that solved the problems of data normality and common variance of error was studied. As a way that can secure the data normality, In(emission) instead of emission itself was used as a sampled data. And a reciprocal of mileage was suggested as a factor to secure common variance of error. As an example, 36 data of FTP-75 test were handled in this study. As a result, using average value and standard deviation at each mileage which were inferred from a linear regression model, probability density distribution and cumulative distribution of emissions according to the vehicle mileage were obtained and it was possible to predict the deterioration factor through full useful life mileage and also possible to decide whether those in-use vehicles will meet the tail-pipe emission regulations or not.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.893-905
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• 2011

CUPPS is the latest international standard passenger processing system which is operated with airlines' check-in system, DCS (Departure Control System) in order to provide check-in and boarding services to passengers. The CUPPS standard has been revised in August 2009 leading by IATA (International Air Transport Association) who recommends replacing old legacy common use system with CUPPS to airports and airlines around the world. IATA is expecting to reduce the installation and maintenance cost of CUPPS by standardizing various legacy common use systems and device controls. Airlines are also expecting to take advantage of the system to reduce the application development cost as developing only one standard CUPPS application instead of developing multiple applications for nonstandard legacy systems. This research which focuses on development completed AIRCUS, R&D project of ministry of land, transport and maritime affairs accomplished by IIA, will present the result of pilot trial and the effective approach methods to increase the possibility of expanding overseas business by comparing old legacy system with CUPPS to prove the dominance of CUPPS over the legacy systems as well as doing foreign case studies.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 2012

The purpose of this research is to suggest design direction about common space of small sized residential units for elderly housing in order to construct desirable residential environment. This research examines spatial composition and the residents' behaviors in three different types of residential units at intervals of five minutes from 9:00 a.m. to 19:00 p.m.; and analyzes the characteristics of spatial use. The following is the result. The using rate of common space is influenced by the atmosphere of residential units more than healthy condition of the elderly; furthermore, the frequency of usage is also increasing highly as mush as forming the lively atmosphere. In order to form the animated residential environment, it is necessary to provide to various activities, such as cooking, eating, watching TV, leisure, hobby, rest, etc; and the space must plan encouraging relationship with other people. Moreover, it is required to consider to each of personal characteristics ingeniously, and manage to programs extending their durability in common space of elderly housing.